Welfare effects of rural-urban land conversion on different aged land-lost farmers:exemplified in Wuhan city

Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.

Enriching Farmers through Sharing: Improving People’s Livelihood and Well-Being in the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas in China

Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system.

China＇s Urbanization Drive and Its Consequences： The Jimo Case

One million Chinese villages have disappeared in the three decades since the beginning of China＇s rural reform, one third of the total. As a result of this urbanization, China can no longer produce enough grain for itself. In 2012, China imported 80 million tons of grain, which is about 12% of its total grain need. Now the new Chinese Government inaugurated in 2013 has stepped up its push for more urbanization. Many more rural villages throughout China have been dismantled or will be dismantled at a crazy pace. China＇s environmental degradation will surely further deteriorate. This paper is a case study about urbanization and its social, economic, and environmental consequences in China.

Review and Prospect of Development Capability of New Generation Farmers

In the context of dual economic structure,there occurs shift of numerous rural surplus labors in China. As a special group lingering about in the edges of urban and rural areas,the new generation farmers become a hot spot of research. How to help them smoothly become successors of China's agricultural modernization construction is a focus of academic circles. Based on literature review,this paper analyzed connotation of development capability of new generation farmers from agricultural modernization,thinking ability construction,system and policy,and new farmers. Finally,it came up with prospect for development of new generation farmers.

Look from the empty nester problem of urban and rural dual structure of society

More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.

The Problems of Coordinating Urban-rural Development of Chongqing City and Corresponding Measures of Financial System

The thesis researches urban-rural coordination which is incorporated into the framework of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers",and it focuses on farmers' human resources development,agricultural industrial adjustment,rural regional coordinated development and so on.The main problems existing in the process of coordinating urban-rural development of Chongqing City are discussed under the foregoing framework.We find that input and flow direction of capital deviating from "agriculture,rural areas and farmers" is the direct cause of insufficient rural educational input,insufficient agricultural input,and irrational rural input,while the fundamental reason lies in the irrational financial policy.Based on this,the measures of innovating upon financial policy and financial system are put forward.

Chinese rural reform:experience,problems and the future

Chinese rural reform has made great achievements and accumulated a wealth of experience since the beginning of reform and opening up 30 years ago.At the core is the rapid and sustained development of the national economy.Currently,there are obstacles in rural reform;for example,the supply and demand of primary products are frequently out of balance,shortages of rural labor occur thanks to structural problems on the supply side,and the equality system between rural and urban citizens has yet to be established.Therefore,to make important breakthroughs,we must change our ideas of controlling the food market;we must improve rural land policy, loosen rural financial supervision,adjust the fiscal expense structure,protect farmers’ legal rights and interests,accelerate the building-up of democracy at the grassroots level,and intensify overall planning and coordination.

农民农村共同富裕:内涵特征、生成逻辑与实践路径

促进农民农村共同富裕具有一般性,也有其特殊性。对农民农村共同富裕的特殊性内涵和特征的系统阐释,有利于揭示并避免当前理论界存在的认识误区。从历史昭示、现实需要与战略考量三个维度出发,对农民农村共同富裕的生成逻辑进行细致描述,有利于回答为什么要促进农民农村共同富裕的时代命题。促进农民农村共同富裕,应当在脱贫地区接续推进乡村振兴,推动小农户融入农业高质量发展,促进城乡要素双向有序流动,实现城乡基本公共服务均等化。

百年中国现代化进程的历史反思与时代性超越——兼论“三农”问题的历史累积与乡村振兴的实现

以洋务运动为始,中国走上以工业化为主导的现代化道路。但是,中国传统文明与西方式现代化取向之间形成历史“悖论”,这种悖论关系更突出体现在城乡背离化发展态势上。如何走出具有中国特色的现代化道路,并从根本上摆脱这一困境,一直是中国共产党的历史使命之一。在总结和汲取近代以来中国现代化发展经验和教训的基础上,中国共产党领导人民成功走出中国式现代化道路。中国共产党通过乡村振兴战略的全面实施,从根本上突破近代以来百余年的“三农”困境,从而解决了中国现代化发展中的“悖论”问题。

现代化产业体系构建与农民农村共同富裕:影响机理与实证检验

基于2008—2021年中国31个省、市、自治区(不包含港澳台)面板数据,运用主成分分析法与优序图分析相结合的方法测算现代化产业体系构建水平,并研判现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕的影响。实证分析结果显示:现代化产业体系构建可有效赋能农民农村共同富裕。传导机制分析显示,现代化产业体系构建能够通过扩大财税规模、增加创业活动、缩小城乡数字鸿沟,赋能农民农村共同富裕。异质性检验证实,现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕的赋能作用在东部地区更为显著。空间效应分析显示,现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕具有正向空间溢出效应。针对于此,未来应构建现代乡村产业体系、激发农村创业创新活力、推动区域产业协调发展,加速推进农民农村共同富裕。

“三农”现代化与新型城镇化耦合协调发展时空演化及驱动因素研究——以福建省为例

实现“三农”现代化和新型城镇化的耦合协调,对城乡融合和乡村振兴的战略实施具有重要意义。文章采用耦合协调度模型,定量测算“三农”现代化和新型城镇化综合发展水平、耦合协调水平和空间相关性,同时引入地理探测器模型进一步分析导致空间异质性的驱动因子。结果表明:(1)2011—2019年福建省“三农”现代化和新型城镇化指数整体呈现上升趋势,增长幅度在103.83%~124.38%之间。“三农”现代化和新型城镇化耦合协调度主要以失调为主,部分城市达到勉强协调状态,协调度平均水平由0.31提高到0.47。(2)福建省“三农”现代化和新型城镇化耦合协调度空间格局具有“南高北低—东高西低”的特征,从整体上保持倒“U”型空间特征。(3)从影响二者耦合协调的影响因子分析,城乡经济发展水平、城乡公共设施服务等对耦合协调度水平影响显著。文章创新性地将系统耦合理论纳入“三农”现代化与新型城镇化研究领域,深度剖析市域尺度下福建省高质量推进“三农”现代化与新型城镇化发展现状、空间关联和差异因素,结合新型城镇化高质量发展框架,详尽阐释农业、农村、农民现代化之间的复杂互动关系,拓展“三农”现代化与新型城镇化相互依存的动态理论基础和评价维度。依据研究结论提出政策启示:需加强经济发展导向以协调城乡发展,同时注重社会发展导向,坚持绿色发展为引导原则,以差异化的方式推进“三农”现代化和新型城镇化协调发展。

“三农”与“双循环”新发展格局——关于城乡融合发展推进乡村振兴的调研报告

脱贫攻坚战全面胜利后,如何巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,确保不发生规模性返贫;同时如何发挥“三农”在投资、消费和建设全国统一大市场中的作用,积极参与“加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”。结合典型案例分析近年来我国农业农村经济发展过程中的新变化、取得成效,梳理总结发展经验,面对出现的新问题,提出未来乡村经济提质发展的建议和策略:(1)坚持整区域规划统筹与农业产业差异化发展引领;(2)以基础设施均等化推动以人为本的城乡融合;(3)增强对农业科技以及农民教育和培训的资金投入;(4)创新发展合作组织协同构建农业社会化服务;(5)加强农业和农村发展的法律支持;(6)挖掘传统文化创建新的乡村文明;(7)参与畅通国内大循环;(8)开展农业对外交流合作。

农业新质生产力、数字化转型与农民农村共同富裕

农业新质生产力能够创新农业产业组织模式,大幅提升农业生产效率与质量,促使农村经济实现包容性增长,对促进农民农村共同富裕具有重要的现实意义。文章基于2012—2022年我国286个地级及以上城市的面板数据,实证分析农业新质生产力对农民农村共同富裕的影响效应与作用机制,探讨数字化转型在其中所起的调节作用。结果显示,农业新质生产力发展有利于推动农民农村共同富裕,且这一推动作用可通过缩小城乡收入差距实现。数字化转型可在农业新质生产力促进农民农村共同富裕过程中发挥正向调节作用。此外,异质性检验结果显示,在特大城市与高收入城市,农业新质生产力对农民农村共同富裕的正向赋能作用更显著。

乡村振兴视域下新型城乡关系探究

推动乡村振兴一直是实现共同富裕进程中重要的一环,因为在新时期促进共同富裕,最艰巨的任务仍在农村。面对新发展阶段与新历史变局,推动乡村振兴所面临的问题也随之不断转变。当前,乡村振兴的实践路径需要加大城镇的参与,构建有助于扩大乡村市场、提高消费潜力、健全基础设施和促进农村就业等方面的新型城乡关系。要在正确处理城乡关系的基础上推动乡村高质量发展,应以完善城乡融合体制机制、避免人口结构失衡、提高农村人口整体素质和优化资源配置为基本路径,才能高效地实现乡村振兴。

乡村振兴助力共同富裕的内在逻辑与路径选择

实现共同富裕离不开乡村振兴,全面推进乡村振兴是实现共同富裕的重要措施。乡村振兴作为新时代农业强国战略的战略部署,是共同富裕的实现进路,是新时代“三农”工作的总抓手,是促进和达成社会公平正义的必经之路。在现实中,囿于认知偏差和路径依赖,全面推进乡村振兴面临乡村振兴主体性缺失,城乡二元结构、乡村高质量发展基础不稳固的困难。全面推进乡村振兴需要巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,创新推动城乡融合发展,持续建设农民主体性。

农地城市流转中农民集体福利均衡分析

农地城市流转中不同利益集团的福利状况业已成为学者和政策制定者关注的焦点。农民集体作为影响最为深刻的利益集团之一,其福利在农地城市流转中能否实现以及如何实现均衡成为本文研究的核心内容。本文首先介绍了农民集体福利的概念及其测度方法,然后论述福利均衡的概念,提出农民集体福利均衡分析的三个假设,在此基础上,对农地城市流转中的农民集体福利进行分析,提出实现农民集体福利均衡的条件,结果表明农地城市流转中农民集体福利均衡的必要条件为农民集体获得的经济补偿大于或等于其福利损失。然后通过比较分析发现当前土地征收中农民集体获得的福利补偿不能弥补其福利损失,农地城市流转前后农民集体福利呈现不均衡状态。最后提出农地城市流转中要尊重农民集体的土地产权,进一步提高农地征收的补偿标准,使农民集体获得的货币补偿能够弥补其由于土地财产损失造成的福利损失,以实现农民集体福利的均衡;政府应当通过改善农村交通、通讯、电力、饮水、居住等条件,完善农村社会保障体系等措施提高农民集体的福利水平,以弥补农民集体土地发展权受限造成的二次福利损失。

新型城镇化的基本问题探讨——以苏南城镇化与乡村风貌保护为例

我国在城镇化快速发展中出现"资源浪费、环境污染、千城一面、形象迷失、缺乏认同"等长期存在并难以解决的问题,如何消除和化解这些问题,使拥有自然环境的传统村镇风貌在新型城镇化进程中得以保护和持续发展,正是未来苏南美丽乡村建设的焦点。论文以"关注民生"为前提,根据苏南现状,提出"化城入乡"、"绿野分隔"、"多核聚居"的新型城镇化与乡村风貌保护策略,对建设苏南地域城镇特色风貌具有重要参考价值。

农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响研究

研究目的:研究农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响,为制定差别化的征地补偿政策提供借鉴。研究方法:以武汉市江夏区、东西湖区、新洲区和洪山区为研究区域,将失地农民分为小于45岁、45—65岁、大于65岁三个年龄阶段,然后以森的可行能力理论为依据,利用模糊数学法,对不同年龄段失地农民的福利变化进行定量测度。研究结果:(1)农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响存在差异。45—65岁失地农民的福利变化最大,其福利水平下降了18.69%;其次是小于45岁的失地农民,下降了16.62%;大于65岁的失地农民下降了12.74%。(2)不同年龄阶段失地农民的各功能性活动指标在农地城市流转后的变化方向和变化程度存在不同。失地农民的经济状况、居住环境、健康、社会参与功能均有所下降,社会保障和住房条件功能得到了改善,但变化程度不同,而发展机遇和交往与闲暇功能在不同年龄阶段的失地农民中变化方向不同。研究结论:根据失地农民年龄特点制定合理细致的征地补偿政策,是提高失地农民福利水平、减小福利差异的重要途径。

农地城市流转农民福利变化与福利差异测度——基于二维赋权法与三类不平等指数的实证

研究目的:定量分析农地城市流转前后农民群体内部福利变化程度与福利差距。研究方法:在实地问卷调查数据的基础上,采用信息熵和层次分析法综合测定农民福利功能性指标的权重,并在此之上构建失地农民福利指数,并测度其变化及群体内福利差距大小。研究结果:(1)以广东省为例的研究表明,农地城市流转后农民总体福利水平虽有所提高但幅度不大,福利指数水平较低,远低于0.5;珠三角、粤西的失地农民福利改善明显,而粤北变化不大,粤东有所下降。(2)基尼系数、泰尔指数、阿特金森指数反映的失地农民内部福利差距在流转后进一步拉大,省内4大区域间的福利差距在流转前占比较小但流转后显著变大。研究结论:运用二维赋权法和三类不平等指数量化分析失地农民内部福利变化与福利差距更为客观、全面。

“三农”问题与和谐城市化:难题及其对策

随着我国经济达到一个较高水平,城市化也进入了高速发展期。同时,“三农”问题也越来越严重,已成为经济可持续发展和城市化和谐进行的瓶颈。从长远看,解决“三农”问题的关键还在于城市化,而“和谐城市化”与“三农”问题是互为制约与互相促进的。这就要求我们必须站在全局的高度,按照科学发展观的要求,采取调整收入分配结构,支持和保护农业,优化工业结构、户籍与土地制度等手段,以和谐城市化来促进“三农”问题的解决,以“三农”问题的解决促进和谐城市化,让城市化与“三农”问题的解决形成良性互动。