Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nondismembered pyeloplasty for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction due to crossing vessels: A matched-paired analysis and review of literature

Objective:To compare laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty(LAHP)and retroperitoneal laparoscopic YV-pyeloplasty(LRYVP)in ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJ)in presence of a crossing vessels(CV).Methods:Our database showed 380 UPJO-cases,who underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery during the last 2 decades including 206 non-dismembered LRYVP,157 dismembered pyeloplasties LAHP,and 17 cases of laparoscopic ureterolysis.Among them 198 cases were suitable for a matched-pair(2:1)analysis comparing laparoscopic retroperitoneal non-dismembered LRYVP(Group 1,n Z 131)and dismembered LAHP(Group 2,n Z 67)in presence of a crossing vessel.Patients were matched according to age,gender,kidney functions,and obstruction grade.Complications were graded according to modified Clavien-classification.Results:Comparative data were similar between both groups(LRYVP vs.LAHP)including mean operating time(112 min vs.114 min),complication rates(4.2%vs.7.3%)mainly Grade 1e2 according to Clavien classification,and success rates(90%vs.89%).These results reflected in the reviewed literature indicate that LRYVP provides the advantage of minimal dissection in case of CV with similar outcome.However,redundant pelvis and anteriorly crossing vessels still require a dismembered pyeloplasty LAHP.Conclusion:LRYVP has achieved similar results compared with the previous golden standard of open surgery,especially in case of crossing vessels apart from presence of a redundant pelvis or anteriorly crossing vessel.This can be further improved when using the small access retroperitoneoscopic technique respectively mini-laparoscopy.

Evaluating pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction:Dynamic magnetic resonance urography vs renal scintigraphy 99mtechnetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine

BACKGROUND Ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO)is a common congenital urinary tract disorder in children.It can be diagnosed as early as in utero due to the presence of hydronephrosis or later in life due to symptomatic occurrence.AIM To evaluate the discrepancy between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography(dMRU)and scintigraphy 99m-technetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine(MAG-3)for the functional evaluation of UPJO.METHODS Between 2016 and 2020,126 patients with UPJO underwent surgery at Robert DebréHospital.Of these,83 received a prenatal diagnosis,and 43 were diagnosed during childhood.Four of the 126 patients underwent surgery based on the clinical situation and postnatal ultrasound findings without undergoing functional imaging evaluation.Split renal function was evaluated preoperatively using scintigraphy MAG-3(n=28),dMRU(n=53),or both(n=40).In this study,we included patients who underwent surgery for UPJO and scintigraphy MAG-3+dMRU but excluded those who underwent only scintigraphy MAG-3 or dMRU.The patients were divided into groups A(<10%discrepancy)and B(>10%discrepancy).We examined the discrepancy in split renal function between the two modalities and investigated the possible risk factors.RESULTS The split renal function between the two kidneys was compared in 40 patients(28 boys and 12 girls)using scintigraphy MAG-3 and dMRU.Differential renal function,as determined using both modalities,showed a difference of<10%in 31 children and>10%in 9 children.Calculation of the relative renal function using dMRU revealed an excellent correlation coefficient with renal scintigraphy MAG-3 for both kidneys.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that dMRU is equivalent to scintigraphy MAG-3 for evaluating split renal function in patients with UPJO.

Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction: Where are we now in diagnosis and management?

Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction(EGJOO) is a major motility disorder based on the Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders.This entity involves a heterogenous group of underlying etiologies. The diagnosis is reached by performing high-resolution manometry. This reveals evidence of obstruction at the esophagogastric junction, manifested by an elevated integrated relaxation pressure(IRP) above a cutoff value(IRP threshold varies by the manometric technology and catheter used), with preserved peristalsis. Further tests like endoscopy, timed barium esophagram, and cross-sectional imaging can help further elucidate the underlying etiology and rule out mechanical causes.Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause. Similar to achalasia, treatment targeting lower esophageal sphincter disruption like pneumatic dilation, peroral endoscopic myotomy, and botulinum injection are used in patients with functional EGJOO and persistent symptoms.

Double layered self-expanding metal stents for malignant esophageal obstruction, especially across the gastroesophageal junction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of double-layered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) for treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction according to whether SEMS crosses the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). METHODS: Forty eight patients who underwent the SEMS insertion for malignant esophageal obstruction were enrolled. Patients were classified as GEJ group (SEMS across GEJ, 18 patients) and non-GEJ group (SEMS above GEJ, 30 patients) according to SEMS position. Double layered (outer uncovered and inner covered stent) esophageal stents were placed. RESULTS: The SEMS insertion and the clinical improvement were achieved in all patients in both groups. Stent malfunction occurred in seven patients in the GEJ group and nine patients in the non-GEJ group. Tumor overgrowth occurred in five and eight patients, respectively, food impaction occurred in one patient in each group, and stent migration occurred in one and no patient, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups. Reflux esophagitis occurred more frequently in the GEJ group (eight vs five patients, P = 0.036) and was controlled by proton pump inhibitor. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in zero and five patients, respectively, and tracheoesophageal fistula occurred in zero and two patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Double-layered SEMS are a feasible and effective treatment when placed across the GEJ for malignant esophageal obstruction. Double-layered SEMS provide acceptable complications, especially migration, although reflux esophagitis is more common in the GEJ group.

Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction successfully treated with laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication: First case report in the literature

BACKGROUND Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction(EGJOO) is a rare syndrome,characterized by an elevation of the integrated relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, not accompanied by alterations in esophageal motility that may lead to the criteria for achalasia. We were unable to find any prior report of the combination of Heller myotomy with anterior partial fundoplication(Dor) as the treatment for EGJOO. We herein report a case of EGJOO treated with laparoscopic Heller myotomy combined with Dor fundoplication.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of solid dysphagia and a 30-kg weight loss. He was treated with oral nifedipine, isosorbide, and omeprazole,without resolution of symptoms. An upper gastrointestinal series(barium swallow) revealed a "bird's beak" sign. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was positive for Los Angeles grade A peptic esophagitis. High-resolution esophageal manometry was compatible with EGJOO. Esophageal pH monitoring showed pathological acid reflux both in orthostatic and decubitus position. An 8-cm laparoscopic Heller myotomy combined with an anterior 220° Dor fundoplication was performed. Solid diet was introduced on postoperative day 2, and the patient was discharged home the same day. At 17-mo follow-up, he reported no symptoms. Barium swallow was compatible with complete radiologic resolution.Both esophageal manometry and upper endoscopy showed normal findings 9 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION Surgical treatment with Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication is a potential treatment option for EGJOO refractory to medical treatment.

Which Patients Should be Administrated Prophylactic Antibacterial Agents? A Study of Bacteriuria or Funguria by Urine Culture Taken From the Renal Pelvis in Children with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Objective: To detect bacteriuria or funguria by urine culture taken from the renal pelvis directly before Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty. Methods: 290 patients who underwent Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) were included in a retrospective analysis. Urine was obtained directly before the renal pelvis was opened, and was carried to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Clinical features were analyzed to evaluate risk factors for bacteriuria or funguria by comparing patients whose urine yielded positive cultures to those whose urine cultures were negative for bacteria or yeast. Results: Eighteen patients (6.2%) had positive urine cultures, including six cultures positive for Escherichia coli (E. coli), four for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three for klebsiella pneumoniae, one for maltophilia monad, one for Enterococcus faecium, one for Candida albicans, one for Candida parapsilosis, and one for yeast not otherwise specified. Bacteriuria or funguria was significantly correlated with four clinical features: fever, urinary urgency, and history of nephrostomy or pyeloplasty. Conclusions: Bacteriuria or funguria was less common in children with UPJO, and the majority of organisms were identified as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Prophylactic antibacterial agents were probably necessary in those patients who had signs of urinary tract infection (UTI), or history of nephrostomy or pyeloplasty.

Determining the Utility of Pathologic Analysis of Ureteral Specimens Obtained from Repair of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction in Children: Potential for Physician-Initiated Cost-Reduction

Purpose: Partial resection of the distal ureter is commonly performed during reconstructive surgery in pediatric urology;particularly for correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO). Many hospitals require pathologic examination of all excised tissues. We examined the pathologic findings in such specimens to evaluate the utility of this practice. Methods: We reviewed the findings on pathologic examination of distal ureteral segments excised during surgical correction of VUR and UVJO in children by a single surgeon over a 13-year period. Results: One hundred and ninety-one specimens from 126 patients were reviewed. None were found to have any significant pathologic findings that impacted therapy. Conclusion: Routine pathological examination of distal ureteral segments excised during surgical correction of VUR and UVJO is not warranted. This presents potential for cost and resource reduction in care of these patients.

Changes in the esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction manometric feature based on the Chicago Classification updates

BACKGROUND The critical diagnostic criteria for esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction(EGJOO)were published in the latest Chicago Classification version 4.0(CCv4.0).In addition to the previous criterion[elevated integrated relaxation pressure(IRP)in supine position],manometric diagnosis of EGJOO requires meeting the criteria of elevated median-IRP during upright wet swallows and elevated intrabolus pressure.However,with the diagnostic criteria modification,the change in manometric features of EGJOO remained unclear.AIM To evaluate the esophageal motility characteristics of patients with EGJOO and select valuable parameters for confirming the diagnosis of EGJOO.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 370 patients who underwent highresolution manometry with 5 mL water swallows×10 in supine,×5 in upright position and the rapid drink challenge(RDC)with 200 mL water from November 2016 to November 2021 at Peking University First Hospital.Fifty-one patients with elevated integrated supine IRP and evidence of peristalsis were enrolled,with 24 patients meeting the updated manometric EGJOO diagnosis(CCv4.0)as the EGJOO group and 27 patients not meeting the updated EGJOO criteria as the isolated supine IRP elevated group(either normal median IRP in upright position or less than 20%of supine swallows with elevated IBP).Forty-six patients with normal manometric features were collected as the normal high-resolution manometry(HRM)group.Upper esophageal sphincter(UES),esophageal body,and lower esophageal sphincter(LES)parameters were compared between groups.RESULTS Compared with the normal HRM group,patients with EGJOO(CCv4.0)had significantly lower proximal esophageal contractile integral(PECI)and proximal esophageal length(PEL),with elevated IRP on RDC(P<0.05 for each comparison),while isolated supine IRP elevated patients had no such feature.Patients with EGJOO also had more significant abnormalities in the esophagogastric junction than isolated supine IRP elevated patients,including higher LES resting pressure(LESP),intrabolus pressure,median supine IRP,median upright IRP,and IRP on RDC(P<0.05 for each comparison).Patients with dysphagia had significantly lower PECI and PEL than patients without dysphagia among the fifty-one with elevated supine IRP.Further multivariate analysis revealed that PEL,LESP,and IRP on RDC are factors associated with EGJOO.The receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed UES nadir pressure,PEL,PECI,LESP,and IRP on RDC are parameters supportive for confirming the diagnosis of EGJOO.CONCLUSION Based on CCv4.0,patients with EGJOO have more severe esophagogastric junction dysfunction and are implicated in the proximal esophagus.Additionally,several parameters are supportive for confirming the diagnosis of EGJOO.

Management and Outcome of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Senegalese Children

Introduction: The ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a rare congenital malformation of the upper urinary tract. We report its management and outcome at Senegal’s main pediatric surgical department. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive review of all patients managed in our pediatric surgical department at Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Centre from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2017. Results: Thirty patients were included in our study. The mean age was three years. Males were more affected (sex ratio of 2.75). The prenatal diagnosis was made in 23% of cases using prenatal ultrasonography. An abdominal mass was the circumstance of discovery in 36% of cases, and lumbar contact and renal sloshing were found in 66% of cases. There was no renal function impairment in 93% of cases. Urinary tract infection occurred in 50% of cases. Ultrasonography (100%) and urinary computed tomography (56%) were used to diagnose. A temporary nephrostomy was performed in 23% of cases, and as definitive treatment, an open Anderson-Hynes procedure was performed in 96% as a nephrectomy was made in a patient. Early postoperative complications were encountered in 56% of cases: urinary tract infection (36%), surgical site infection and anastomotic stenosis (6% both), and urinoma and textiloma (both in 3%). A patient died from sepsis. After a mean follow-up of 12 months, no additional complication was reported. Conclusion: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction was frequently diagnosed late, and its management carried unneglectable morbidity in our environment. A laparoscopic approach would be a solution to improve its outcome.

离断式与非离断式肾盂瓣肾盂成形术:探索与进展

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)是以肾脏至输尿管尿液流出受阻为特征的疾病。随着腔镜技术发展,机器人辅助的腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术是目前主流的手术治疗方式。接受肾盂成型术治疗的患者中仍有约10%会治疗失败,此类患者常伴有长段的近端输尿管狭窄(长度>2 cm),再次手术难度和失败风险显著增加。既往需通过回肠代输尿管手术或自体肾移植手术来替代或弥补输尿管的长段缺损,然而此类术式术后并发症较多,多数情况下并不被作为首选。肾盂瓣技术使用患者自身扩大的肾盂壁为材料,能够连接较长段的输尿管缺损,是针对这一难题的良好解决方案。本文回顾了现有文献中对于肾盂瓣肾盂成形术的具体应用,并总结了本中心肾盂瓣肾盂成形术的技术改进及研究进展,为临床应用提供参考。

关注儿童肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻手术并发症及肾损伤问题

肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻是儿童常见的泌尿系统畸形。离断式肾盂成形术因其适应证广、易操作、并发症少等特点,目前被认为是手术治疗的金标准。尽管总体手术成功率在90%以上,但如何进一步降低术后并发症发生率,避免出现高等级并发症,使患儿术后恢复更顺利,获得更好的预后,仍然是小儿泌尿外科医师追求的目标。对于肾功能损伤程度的判定,也是目前临床关注的热点问题。本文就儿童肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻手术并发症以及肾功能损伤的研究进展进行述评。

儿童肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻手术并发症的认识与思考

肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻是儿童最常见的先天性上尿路梗阻,离断式肾盂输尿管成形术是治疗该病的金标准,手术成功率达90%以上。然而如何避免手术并发症(特别是严重并发症)仍然充满了挑战。随着外科技术的不断创新,外科医师应在更精准把握手术指征、全面认识和正确处理手术并发症上提高认识,从而使患儿从手术治疗中最大化获益。本文阐述肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻患儿肾盂输尿管成形术后并发症的类型、病因、预防和处理,并对相关危险因素提出思考。

机器人辅助腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童肾盂成形术后再梗阻的初步经验

目的:总结机器人辅助腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童肾盂成形术后再梗阻的初步经验。方法:回顾性分析解放军总医院第七医学中心儿童泌尿外科2019年1月至2023年12月采用机器人辅助腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗17例肾积水肾盂输成形术后再梗阻患儿,其中男14例,女3例,平均年龄为(6.1±0.6)岁,平均体质量为(18.7±1.8)kg,左侧11例,右侧6例。本研究根据临床和影像学资料对儿童肾盂成形术后再梗阻的诊断和结果进行评估。结果:17例再梗阻患儿手术均获得成功,无术中并发症。平均手术时间(78.5±10.2)min、术中平均出血量(10.0±2.0)ml、平均进食时间(3.0±0.4)h、平均引流管拔除时间(4.1±0.5)d、术后平均住院时间(7.0±1.5)d。所有患者均得到随访,术后随访时间4~24个月,术后ClavienⅠ~Ⅱ级并发症发生率23.5%(4/17),经保守治疗后好转;术后无吻合口狭窄、再次梗阻、泌尿系感染等ClavienⅢ、Ⅳ级并发症。术后3个月复查17例患儿,B超显示肾盂前后径平均值为(1.8±0.3)cm,较术前[(3.5±0.3)cm]减小(P<0.05);同位素排泄性T1/2显示肾盂输尿管无梗阻;分肾功能[(39.7±1.8)%]与术前[(36.2±1.3)%]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人辅助腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童肾盂成形术后再梗阻安全、有效。

儿童肾盂成形术后严重尿外渗的临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨儿童肾盂成形术后严重尿外渗的临床特点与预后情况。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2023年12月苏州大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科行肾盂成形术后出现严重尿外渗的18例肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻患儿临床资料。记录患儿人口学资料、既往病史、术前与术后影像学检查结果、住院期间尿外渗信息、治疗结局以及预后情况。结果18例中,男16例、女2例;手术年龄(6.03±4.79)岁;梗阻位于左侧16例、右侧2例;住院时间20(13,24)d。术后严重尿外渗持续时间中位数为2 d,范围1~20 d。17例术后留置腹腔引流管,留置时间为11(8,15)d,单日腹腔引流液体量最大值为485(298,786)mL。术后并发症Clavien分级:Ⅰ级8例、Ⅱ级4例、Ⅲb级6例,住院期间二次手术发生率为33.33%(6/18)。术前、术后肾盂前后径(anteroposterior diameter of renal pelvis,APD)分别为(4.11±1.83)cm和2.40(1.58,4.53)cm,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.628,P=0.009)。术前、术后肾实质厚度最小值(parenchyma thickness minimum,PT_(min))分别为0.6(0.2,0.8)cm和(0.93±0.32)cm,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.580,P=0.011)。术前、术后APD/PT值分别为6.05(2.85,13.44)和2.64(1.95,5.73),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.940,P=0.002)。肾盂前后径改善百分比(APD improvement rate,PI-APD)为20.95%(-0.45%,60.91%)。中位随访时间24个月。术后出现再梗阻2例,手术成功率为88.89%(16/18)。结论肾盂成形术后严重尿外渗可导致住院期间二次手术风险增加,但患儿远期肾积水情况较术前明显缓解,再梗阻的发生率较低。

利尿肾动态显像20分钟残留率对肾盂成形术时机选择的临床预测价值

目的·探究利尿肾动态显像中20分钟残留率(20-minute residual rate,R_(20))等参数对于先天性单侧肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)患儿肾盂成形术手术时机的预测价值。方法·回顾性分析2018年8月到2023年8月期间在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院核医学科初次就诊的110例先天性单侧UPJO患儿的临床资料和利尿肾动态显像结果。随访患儿初次行利尿肾动态显像后的影像检查结果和肾积水进展情况。以患儿是否因肾积水进展行肾盂成形术为结局事件,将患儿分为手术组和非手术组。比较2组患儿年龄、性别、肾积水侧别,以及基线利尿肾动态显像参数包括肾血流灌注率(blood perfusion rate,BPR)、分肾功能(differential renal function,DRF)、达峰时间(time to peak,T_(max))、半排时间(time to half,T_(1/2))及R_(20)。采用Logistic回归分析各参数对肾积水进展的影响。采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析利尿肾动态显像参数对患儿是否需要手术干预的预测价值。采用Wilcoxon检验比较行2次利尿肾动态显像患儿的检查参数。结果·在随访过程中有60例患儿因肾积水进展行肾盂成形术,50例患儿肾积水未进展。手术组与非手术组患儿基线状态DRF、T_(max)、T_(1/2)和R_(20)的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,R_(20)是肾盂成形术的独立预测因素(OR=4.730,95%CI 1.009~1.178,P=0.030)。R_(20)预测肾盂成形术的灵敏度为88.3%,特异度为56%,ROC曲线下面积为0.758(95%CI 0.667~0.850,P=0.000),临界值为90.08%。38例患儿在随访过程中进行了第二次利尿肾动态显像,DRF较前下降,2次DRF的差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.589,P=0.010),尤其是R_(20)≥90.08%的患儿(Z=-2.166,P=0.030)。非手术组患儿R_(20)较基线明显下降(Z=-2.062,P=0.039),而手术组患者R_(20)较基线增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论·R_(20)对于先天性单侧UPJO患儿肾盂成形术的预测具有重要意义。对于R_(20)≥90.08%的患儿,应尽早行肾盂成形术,以防止肾功能进一步恶化。

腹腔镜及开放手术治疗儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻性肾积水的并发症对比

目的比较腹腔镜及开放离断式肾盂成形术治疗儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)性肾积水的术中及术后并发症特点,探讨导致两种手术方式并发症差异的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年12月首次于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院接受腹腔镜或开放离断式肾盂成形术治疗的美国胎儿泌尿外科协会(Society for Fetal Urology,SFU)分级为Ⅳ级的UPJO肾积水患儿临床资料,共560例患儿583例肾。按照手术方式分为腹腔镜组(355例肾)和开放组(228例肾),对比分析两组并发症发生率、发生次数以及并发症等级和类型。比较不同引流方式、有无术中并发症以及不同年龄、体重、术前肾盂前后径(anteroposterior pelvic diameter,APD)及术者经验分层因素下的并发症差异。结果开放组患儿年龄16.37(9.73,61.37)个月,体重11.00(9.32,20.00)kg,明显小于腹腔镜组[年龄46.87(19.08,90.49)个月,体重16.50(12.00,25.00)kg]。开放组术前中位肾盂前后径为39.00(27.00,52.00)mm,长于腹腔镜组的28.00(22.00,36.00)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组和开放组术中并发症发生率(分别为7.61%和4.39%)、术后并发症发生率(分别为17.15%和15.56%)、术后并发症发生次数占总发生次数比例(分别为23.84%和20.88%)以及吻合口再狭窄发生率(分别为2.62%和1.33%)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组最常见的术后并发症均为泌尿系感染。存在术中并发症的肾脏术后更易发生高等级并发症(χ^(2)=5.600,P=0.018)及泌尿系感染(χ^(2)=8.891,P=0.003)。腹腔镜组较开放组更易出现高等级(ClavienⅢb)术后并发症(χ^(2)=6.595,P=0.010)和除泌尿系感染以外的其他术后并发症(χ^(2)=10.289,P=0.001)。结论腹腔镜和开放离断式肾盂成形术治疗儿童UPJO性肾积水安全有效,两种手术方式的术后并发症发生率无差异。腹腔镜手术较开放手术应更加注意除泌尿系感染以外的其他术后并发症以及高等级术后并发症的发生。

D-J管在儿童肾盂成形术中的应用分析——倾向性评分匹配法

目的 D-J管内引流方法在儿童肾盂成形手术后使用中的适应证及预后分析。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月~2022年1月在首都儿科研究所泌尿外科行单侧肾盂成形术的病例,根据术后引流方式不同分为D-J管组(396例)和肾盂造瘘组(334例),应用倾向性评分匹配法对两组病例的基线资料均衡匹配,比较两种引流方式的并发症及预后。结果 D-J管引流能显著减少患者平均住院时间、降低患儿痛苦、减轻皮肤瘢痕,提高医疗及护理质量。D-J管增加患儿术后泌尿道感染和再梗阻风险,临床应用应谨慎。对于D-J管植入术后泌尿道感染建立了包含性别、侧别、身高、肾实质厚度和血尿素氮的预测模型。结论 D-J管内引流方法能显著降低儿童肾盂成形手术后的住院时间、减轻护理负担,虽然这增加了患者近中期尿路感染的风险,但尿路感染的风险可以预测,D-J管在男性、小婴儿和重度肾积水的应用中应谨慎选择。

家庭赋权方案对肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻患儿主要照顾者的影响

目的:探讨家庭赋权方案对肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(UPJO)患儿主要照顾者的影响。方法:选取2022年1月—10月因UPJO首次在我院泌尿外科住院并接受腹腔镜下肾盂输尿管成形术的64名患儿的主要照顾者为研究对象,将2022年1月—5月住院的患儿主要照顾者32人作为对照组,2022年6月—10月住院的患儿主要照顾者32人作为试验组。对照组接受UPJO围术期常规护理及健康宣教,试验组在围术期常规护理及健康宣教基础上实施基于家庭赋权的健康教育。比较两组主要照顾者照顾能力、照顾负担及两组患儿术后8周总体并发症发生情况。结果:研究过程中,4名主要照顾者因过度焦虑(1名)、工作原因(2名)、自身身体状态不佳(1名)中途更换陪护,最终对照组31名主要照顾者完成研究,试验组29名主要照顾者完成研究。出院当天,试验组主要照顾者的照顾能力得分[(19.79±7.83)分]低于对照组[(37.32±7.20)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组主要照顾者的照顾负担得分[(31.51±8.66)分]低于对照组[(55.81±8.19)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患儿术后8周总体并发症发生率(10.34%)低于对照组(32.26%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:家庭赋权方案可提高UPJO患儿主要照顾者的照顾能力,减轻UPJO患儿主要照顾者的照顾负担,降低UPJO患儿术后并发症发生率。

肾盂成形术中手术入路及手术术式的研究进展

肾盂成形术有多种手术入路及手术术式可供术者选择,但因患者的年龄、体型、病变侧、肾积水程度、梗阻部位、梗阻长度、梗阻程度不同,适用的手术入路及手术术式也不相同。术者可根据患者实际情况及术者擅长领域选择最合理的手术入路及手术术式,对降低手术难度、提高手术成功率有重要意义。本研究将对目前肾盂成形术中手术入路及手术术式进行综述,为广大术者在术前、术中决策提供一定指导。

肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻患儿离断式肾盂成形术后肾功能恢复的影响因素

肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)是小儿常见的先天性泌尿系统畸形,是引起儿童肾积水最常见疾病之一。该病是一类进展性疾病,若未得到及时的发现干预,可能会对肾脏产生不可逆性损害。肾盂输尿管离断成形术是目前治疗UPJO较优的手术选择,且已发展到在达芬奇机器人辅助下进行。目前对于影响UPJO患儿成形术术后肾功能恢复的影响因素存在较大争议,本文对此展开综述,旨在为临床决策及工作提供理论帮助。