In recent years, the Internet has received increasing recognition as an effective means of facilitating public health interventions. In particular, delivering prevention for substance use to school students via the In...In recent years, the Internet has received increasing recognition as an effective means of facilitating public health interventions. In particular, delivering prevention for substance use to school students via the Internet appears to be an area of great potential. The Climate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs Module, a school-based prevention program, facilitated by the Internet, was developed to address the use of ecstasy and new and emerging drugs (Emerging Psychoactive Substances or Novel Psychoactive Substances). This four-lesson course was designed to be delivered to Australian adolescents (aged 15 to 16 years) during their standard health education classes at school, and is based on a harm-minimisation and social influence approach. The program was developed in response to the important public health challenge of new and emerging drugs as well as to address the prevention of ecstasy use among young people. To our knowledge, this will be the first school- and Internet-based prevention program specifically targeting these substances. This paper describes the process involved in developing this new Internet-based substance use prevention program.展开更多
目的研究HIV阻断母婴传播(prevention of mother to child transmission,PMTCT)联合药物方案齐夫多定(zidovudine,AZT)+拉米夫定(lamivudine,3TC)+克力芝(lopinavir/ritonavir,LPV/r)(简称联合药物)对大鼠的亚急性毒性效应。方法将72只...目的研究HIV阻断母婴传播(prevention of mother to child transmission,PMTCT)联合药物方案齐夫多定(zidovudine,AZT)+拉米夫定(lamivudine,3TC)+克力芝(lopinavir/ritonavir,LPV/r)(简称联合药物)对大鼠的亚急性毒性效应。方法将72只成年SD大鼠随机分为联合药物高、中、低剂量组和对照组,每组18只大鼠(9♀+9♂),分别给予浓度为2.00、0.65、0.22g/kg(以有效成分计)的药物及纯水,每天给大鼠灌胃受试物1次,连续28 d;观察大鼠的一般情况、行为表现和体重变化,实验结束进行血常规、生化指标和淋巴细胞凋亡率检测,并对主要脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果给予联合药物后,高、中、低剂量雄鼠及高剂量雌鼠总增重小于对照组(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,三个联合药物组雄雌鼠的肝脏/体重增大(P<0.01或0.05),高剂量组雄雌鼠肾脏、脾脏及脑/体重比值均大于对照组(P<0.01),而高、中剂量雌鼠胸腺/体重比值则减小(P<0.05)。高、中剂量组雄雌鼠的HGB及高、中剂量组雄鼠的RBC均低于对照组(P<0.01或0.05);高、中剂量组雄雌鼠的WBC高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05);3个剂量组雄鼠外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率均高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05)。与对照组比较,3个剂量组雌雄鼠的ALP、高剂量组雌雄鼠的ALT和LDH、高、中剂量组雄鼠的GGTP及高剂量组雄鼠Glu均升高(P<0.01或0.05);3个剂量组大鼠血清TP和Alb均低于对照组(P<0.01)。高剂量组雄雌大鼠BUN及高、低剂量组雄鼠Cr高于对照组(P<0.05)。3个剂量组大鼠血清Ca水平下降(P<0.01或0.05)。病理学检查发现,联合药物组部分大鼠的甲状腺滤泡增生,胶质减少,脾脏脾窦内RBC增多而淋巴细胞减少。结论在本实验条件下,AZT+3TC+LPV/r联合药物对于大鼠具有潜在的亚急性毒性。展开更多
文摘In recent years, the Internet has received increasing recognition as an effective means of facilitating public health interventions. In particular, delivering prevention for substance use to school students via the Internet appears to be an area of great potential. The Climate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs Module, a school-based prevention program, facilitated by the Internet, was developed to address the use of ecstasy and new and emerging drugs (Emerging Psychoactive Substances or Novel Psychoactive Substances). This four-lesson course was designed to be delivered to Australian adolescents (aged 15 to 16 years) during their standard health education classes at school, and is based on a harm-minimisation and social influence approach. The program was developed in response to the important public health challenge of new and emerging drugs as well as to address the prevention of ecstasy use among young people. To our knowledge, this will be the first school- and Internet-based prevention program specifically targeting these substances. This paper describes the process involved in developing this new Internet-based substance use prevention program.
文摘目的研究HIV阻断母婴传播(prevention of mother to child transmission,PMTCT)联合药物方案齐夫多定(zidovudine,AZT)+拉米夫定(lamivudine,3TC)+克力芝(lopinavir/ritonavir,LPV/r)(简称联合药物)对大鼠的亚急性毒性效应。方法将72只成年SD大鼠随机分为联合药物高、中、低剂量组和对照组,每组18只大鼠(9♀+9♂),分别给予浓度为2.00、0.65、0.22g/kg(以有效成分计)的药物及纯水,每天给大鼠灌胃受试物1次,连续28 d;观察大鼠的一般情况、行为表现和体重变化,实验结束进行血常规、生化指标和淋巴细胞凋亡率检测,并对主要脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果给予联合药物后,高、中、低剂量雄鼠及高剂量雌鼠总增重小于对照组(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,三个联合药物组雄雌鼠的肝脏/体重增大(P<0.01或0.05),高剂量组雄雌鼠肾脏、脾脏及脑/体重比值均大于对照组(P<0.01),而高、中剂量雌鼠胸腺/体重比值则减小(P<0.05)。高、中剂量组雄雌鼠的HGB及高、中剂量组雄鼠的RBC均低于对照组(P<0.01或0.05);高、中剂量组雄雌鼠的WBC高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05);3个剂量组雄鼠外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率均高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05)。与对照组比较,3个剂量组雌雄鼠的ALP、高剂量组雌雄鼠的ALT和LDH、高、中剂量组雄鼠的GGTP及高剂量组雄鼠Glu均升高(P<0.01或0.05);3个剂量组大鼠血清TP和Alb均低于对照组(P<0.01)。高剂量组雄雌大鼠BUN及高、低剂量组雄鼠Cr高于对照组(P<0.05)。3个剂量组大鼠血清Ca水平下降(P<0.01或0.05)。病理学检查发现,联合药物组部分大鼠的甲状腺滤泡增生,胶质减少,脾脏脾窦内RBC增多而淋巴细胞减少。结论在本实验条件下,AZT+3TC+LPV/r联合药物对于大鼠具有潜在的亚急性毒性。
