A Multimodel Transfer-Learning-Based Car Price Prediction Model with an Automatic Fuzzy Logic Parameter Optimizer

Cars are regarded as an indispensable means of transportation in Taiwan.Several studies have indicated that the automotive industry has witnessed remarkable advances and that the market of used cars has rapidly expanded.In this study,a price prediction system for used BMW cars was developed.Nine parameters of used cars,including their model,registration year,and transmission style,were analyzed.The data obtained were then divided into three subsets.The first subset was used to compare the results of each algorithm.The predicted values produced by the two algorithms with the most satisfactory results were used as the input of a fully connected neural network.The second subset was used with an optimization algorithm to modify the number of hidden layers in a fully connected neural network and modify the low,medium,and high parameters of the membership function(MF)to achieve model optimization.Finally,the third subset was used for the validation set during the prediction process.These three subsets were divided using k-fold cross-validation to avoid overfitting and selection bias.In conclusion,in this study,a model combining two optimal algorithms(i.e.,random forest and k-nearest neighbors)with several optimization algorithms(i.e.,gray wolf optimizer,multilayer perceptron,and MF)was successfully established.The prediction results obtained indicated a mean square error of 0.0978,a root-mean-square error of 0.3128,a mean absolute error of 0.1903,and a coefficient of determination of 0.9249.

A Bi-modal Model for Chinese Cities: City Size, Car Use and Land Rent

China is experiencing rapid urbanization and motorization. Urban transport congestion poses a challenge to the cities of China. Policies have been made trying to control the car use and the land use in Chinese cities without sound modelling researches. The existing literature on monocentric city modelling has shown that the parameters are critical for the outcome of the modelling. Following the Alonso-type monocentric model, this paper introduces a bi-modal model to simulate the city size, the distribution of land rent and the modal substitution in Chinese cities. We set the key parameters according to the recent available data of China′s cities, and re-explain the hypothesis of the model. Then we make a sensitivity analysis to reveal the impacts of key parameters on the Chinese cities. According to the results, we find that the wage, the price of car use and the agriculture rent have significant impacts on city size. The land supply for the private transport or the public transport has the strongest impacts on car use and the level of transport congestion. The total population of the city and the wage level have strong impacts on land rent. Some results are counter-intuitive, but explainable. We also discuss implication of these results for policy making.

Technological Analysis on Motor Stall and Its Perspective

The brush lock is due to assembly tightly during assembling three gripper so that it curls after some time in motor and bare motors.The motor happen to have current decreasing and cause rotary too slowly is an important technique problem.At last the motor hasn’t worked due to disconnection.It give company to bring assembly issue for customers.So the motor stall is main issue in motor working.We shall pay more attention to it necessarily and shall be strict quality inspection and we shall monitor the flow line for the sake of decreasing it.We shall solve the problem as soon as possible and communicate with the customer engineers.Unloaded rotation is radical in the base inspection.The engineer need to negotiate with supplying engineers for the qualified material of brush.Increasing inspection into more times is a method to decrease unqualified brushes.Some experiment method is explained to analyze for customer engineers.Two kinds of motors ie.stepping and asynchronous motor and motors used in future in car is explained to further knowledge to motor’s application.Such as the experiment with torque,voice and electric voltage converter.The pseudo soldering results the slow rotary.The reverse voltage is a reason for a motor to slow rotary even stall.