Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infrastructure maintenance and capital costs. T...Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infrastructure maintenance and capital costs. The present RUC systems are facing issues such as transparency, cross-subsidization, environmental concerns and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reducing revenue due to the likes of lessening fuel tax as vehicles become more </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">efficient. Therefore, this paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the present RUC mechanisms implemented in the world with respect to stakeholder problems and demands of the freight industry and to describe the need</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for a more appropriate, practical and sustainable approach that can be used in the future. Finally, a model is proposed that is transparent and considers us</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">age-based charging addressing most of the weaknesses highlighted in the models reviewed. Further, it considers externalities produced by heavy vehicles into a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ccount. The model has the potential to provide answers to key stakeholder </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">issues and will lead to a sustainable freight transport system in the future. Encourag</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing fuel-efficient modes, optimization of loading, routing and logistics systems, and long term land use planning are a few of them.</span></span>展开更多
Four executives of Chinese video-sharing site Qvod Technology Co.Ltd.stood trial at the Haidian District People’s Court in Beijing on January 7-8 on charges of profiting from spreading pornographic content online.
文摘Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infrastructure maintenance and capital costs. The present RUC systems are facing issues such as transparency, cross-subsidization, environmental concerns and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reducing revenue due to the likes of lessening fuel tax as vehicles become more </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">efficient. Therefore, this paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the present RUC mechanisms implemented in the world with respect to stakeholder problems and demands of the freight industry and to describe the need</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for a more appropriate, practical and sustainable approach that can be used in the future. Finally, a model is proposed that is transparent and considers us</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">age-based charging addressing most of the weaknesses highlighted in the models reviewed. Further, it considers externalities produced by heavy vehicles into a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ccount. The model has the potential to provide answers to key stakeholder </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">issues and will lead to a sustainable freight transport system in the future. Encourag</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing fuel-efficient modes, optimization of loading, routing and logistics systems, and long term land use planning are a few of them.</span></span>
文摘Four executives of Chinese video-sharing site Qvod Technology Co.Ltd.stood trial at the Haidian District People’s Court in Beijing on January 7-8 on charges of profiting from spreading pornographic content online.
