Drought stress tolerance analysis of Populus ussuriensis clones with different ploidies

The selection of drought-tolerant plants is an important aspect of plant breeding.We studied physiological and biochemical mechanisms of different ploidies of Populus ussuriensis Kom.that relate to drought stress tolerance.We used a 5%(v/v)polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000)solution to simulate drought stress.We recorded leaf phenotypes including color,dry area and curl degree.We evaluated sequential variations in some drought stress tolerance-related physiological and biochemical indices and compared these among diploid clones(CK),triploid clones(T12)and tetraploid clones(F20).T12 leaves exhibited slightly more drought stress damage than CK and F20 leaves.CK leaves suffered the most severe drought stress damage.The physiological and biochemical indices of the different ploidies differed significantly 12 days after drought stress treatment.The activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and proline in the triploid(T12)leaves were the highest.The relative electric conductivity and malondialdehyde content of T12 leaves were the lowest.The index values of F20 were between those ofthe diploid and triploid.In consideration of these results,the drought resistance of the three different ploidies of P.ussuriensis can be ranked as T12>F20>CK.We speculate that the gene expression patterns of polyploid clones of poplar will change after genome doubling and that some of the drought stress tolerance-related physiological and biochemical indices will be improved,resulting in greater drought tolerance of polyploid clones.

Cloning and Analysis of Full-Length cDNA of PumNPR1 Gene from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim

The purpose of this study is to find a new gene resource for the researches of molecular breeding of Rosaceae plants disease-resistance. Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim is used as a starting material to clone the full-length cDNA of NPR1（nonexpressor of pathogenesis- related genes 1） which is a key regulator in SA （salicylic acid）-mediated systemic acquired resistance （SAR） by homologous cloning and RACE techniques. The length of the cDNA sequence was 1 767 bp, the ORF was 1 761 bp, it coded 586 amino acids, pi=5.58, the relative molecular weight was 65.009 ku, contained 19 kinds of amino acids, and had full BTB/POZ and ANK domains. Compared the homology of NPR1 gene in GenBank database, the homology with Pyrus pyrifolia, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oryza sativa, Helianthus annuus were 98%, 62%, 68%, 65%, 57%, 63%. The homology offunctional area were 99%, 78%, 82%, 79%, 74%, 77%. This NPR1 gene was considered as homologic gene of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim and named PumNPR1.

Effect of Female Reproduction and Mate Choice on Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Northeast Treefrog Hyla ussuriensis (Anura:Hylidae) in China

Sexual size dimorphism(SSD) plays a significant role in understanding the evolution of life history and mating behavior. In this study,we analyzed the morphological data from a treefrog,Hyla ussuriensis,in northeastern China and found that there are significant differences between males and females. Females that are larger in body size increase fecundity as the total number of eggs is positively correlated to female body size. Males are smaller in body size due to the mate choice by females based on the size dimorphism index(SVL mean of female divided by that of male) for the population,which may be an evolutionary stable strategy(ESS). SSD can be influenced not only through mate choice,but also reproductive behavior by analyzing the female reproduction output in the field. Our data are consistent with many previous studies,indicating that fecundity selection and sexual selection may be the common cause for sexual dimorphism in this species. Furthermore,there are no significant morphological differences between mated and unmated frogs of both sexes,which suggests that any frog can obtain a breeding chance when it matures. It further indicates that males may not affect female choice except by their snout-vent length(SVL) and body mass. It is,of course,possible that females adopt a mating strategy to mate with males whose SVL and body mass are smaller than paired females. Our research provides unequivocal evidence for effective female choice and information on the evolution of SSD in the production of anuran pairing patterns.

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Leaflets of Fritillaria ussuriensis M.

A method for the production of somatic embryos and subsequent plant regeneration for Fritillaria ussuriensis M. is described. Whole leaflet cxplants, derived from plantlets grown in vitro, formed light yellowish embryogenic calli within one month of culture in the dark. Somatic embryogenesis was obtained after a 28 d incubation on MS induction medium supplemented with 2 mg / L 2,4-D 0.5 mg / L BA, 0.5 mg / L KT and 500 mg / L CH followed by transfer to a second N medium containing 0.5 mg / L KT and 100 mg / L CH. Somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium with 0.1mg/ L NAA and placed in the light for regeneration. After two weeks, mature somatic embryo developed into whole plantlet.

PuHox52 promotes coordinated uptake of nitrate,phosphate, and iron under nitrogen deficiency in Populus ussuriensis

It is of great importance to better understand how trees regulate nitrogen(N) uptake under N deficiency conditions which severely challenge afforestation practices, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Here,we functionally characterized PuHox52, a Populus ussuriensis HD-ZIP transcription factor, whose overexpression greatly enhanced nutrient uptake and plant growth under N deficiency. We first conducted an RNA sequencing experiment to obtain root transcriptome using PuHox52-overexpression lines of P. ussuriensis under low N treatment. We then performed multiple genetic and phenotypic analyses to identify key target genes of PuHox52 and validated how they acted against N deficiency under PuHox52 regulation.PuHox52 was specifically induced in roots by N deficiency, and overexpression of PuHox52promoted N uptake, plant growth, and root development. We demonstrated that several nitrate-responsive genes(PuNRT1.1, PuNRT2.4,PuCLC-b, PuNIA2, PuNIR1, and PuNLP1),phosphate-responsive genes(PuPHL1A and PuPHL1B), and an iron transporter gene(PuIRT1) were substantiated to be direct targets of PuHox52. Among them, PuNRT1.1, PuPHL1A/B, and PuIRT1 were upregulated to relatively higher levels during PuHox52-mediated responses against N deficiency in PuHox52-overexpression lines compared to WT. Our study revealed a novel regulatory mechanism underlying root adaption to N deficiency where PuHox52 modulated a coordinated uptake of nitrate, phosphate, and iron through 'PuHox52-PuNRT1.1', 'PuHox52-PuPHL1A/PuPHL1B', and'PuHox52-PuIRT1' regulatory relationships in poplar roots.

豆粕替代鱼粉对乌苏里拟鲿生长性能的影响

为了研究不同含量的豆粕替代鱼粉对乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)生长性能的影响,选择同一批人工孵化的鱼苗,根据等氮、等能原则,试验共配置了5个豆粕替代鱼粉组,分别为0%、15%、30%、45%、60%。每个试验小组分3个重复,每个重复小组的乌苏里拟鲿饲养于规格为0.8 m×0.8 m×0.6 m的水族箱中。整个投喂试验维持64 d。试验结果显示,15%~30%替代组与对照组(0%)之间的乌苏里拟鲿的末期体重、增重率、成活率和特定生长率差异不显著(P>0.05),当豆粕替代量为45%和60%时,乌苏里拟鲿的末期体重、增重率、成活率均显著地低于对照组(P<0.05),其中45%的特定生长率显著地低于对照组(P<0.05),60%的特定生长率极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01)。研究表明,在鱼粉含量为50%等氮等能饲料中,豆粕替代鱼粉在30%以下,对乌苏里拟鲿的生长不会造成影响。

乌苏里瓦韦(Lepisorus ussuriensis(Regel et Maack)Ching)孢子诱导再生植株的研究

乌苏里瓦韦是一种民间常用的药用蕨类植物,本研究首次建立一种以乌苏里瓦韦孢子为外植体形成完整植株的体系,得到了乌苏里瓦韦体外扩增的方法。为了探究最佳的孢子萌发条件,设计使用6种NAA和6-BA激素组合探究孢子的最佳萌发条件,然后取孢子萌发得到的乌苏里瓦韦叶片,分别接种到不同浓度的NAA和活性炭的组合培养基中,探究乌苏里瓦韦生根的最佳条件。结果表明,乌苏里瓦韦孢子的最佳萌发条件是:1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,附加NAA 0.2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂7 g/L;生根的最佳条件为:1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,附加NAA 0.4 mg/L,蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂7 g/L,活性炭1.5 g/L。本研究首次报道了乌苏里瓦韦的体外繁殖形成完整再生植株的方法,为乌苏里瓦韦的人工繁殖,同时为乌苏里瓦韦的可持续开发利用打下坚实基础。

The HY5 transcription factor negatively regulates ethylene production by inhibiting ACS1 expression under blue light conditions in pear

Ethylene is the main factor controlling fruit ripening of pear(Pyrus ussuriensis).Ethylene production rate is negatively correlated with fruit shelf life;therefore,it is important to decrease the ethylene levels for optimal fruit storage.Here,we observed that blue light treatment could inhibit ethylene production and promote the expression of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(PuHY5),a basic leucine zipper domain(bZIP)transcription factor.The following studies showed that PuHY5 could bind to the promoter of ACC synthase 1(PuACS1),a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis,and inhibit its expression.For pears in which Pu HY5 was silenced,the ethylene production and PuACS1 expression were much higher than those in the control fruit.These results demonstrated that blue light inhibited ethylene production through the induction of Pu HY5 in pear.Our finding provides a new method for prolonging fruit shelf life.

内蒙古西南地区南果梨无公害栽培技术

南果梨(Pyrus ussuriensis‘Nanguo Pear’)是中国优良梨地方品种,营养丰富,风味好,适应性强。通过实地调查和多年经验积累,结合内蒙古西南地区南果梨的生长特点,提出了南果梨无公害栽培管理措施,以期为各地生产栽培南果梨提供借鉴。

Na^(+)、K^(+)、温度和pH对乌苏里拟鲿精子活力的影响

为了解乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudubagrus ussuriensi)精子的生理特性,提高乌苏里拟鲿人工受精率,探究了不同Na^(+)浓度、K^(+)浓度、温度和pH对乌苏里拟鲿精子活力的影响。结果显示:Na^(+)浓度为50 mmol/L时,乌苏里拟鲿精子活力最强,快速运动时间为(33.0±5.7)s,寿命时间为(67.3±10.4)s,激活时整体运动剧烈;K^(+)浓度为45 mmol/L时,精子活力最强,快速运动时间为(32.7±9.3)s,寿命时间为(68.2±12.6)s,当K^(+)浓度为100 mmol/L或以上时,精子完全失活;当温度在4~21℃时,乌苏里拟鲿精子活力较强,随着温度的升高,精子活力变化不明显,当温度高于21℃时,精子活力降低,寿命时间缩短;pH为8时,精子活力最强,快速运动时间和寿命时间分别为(31.5±5.6)s、(65.3±6.9)s,精子运动剧烈。研究表明,适宜浓度的Na^(+)和K^(+)对乌苏里拟鲿精子活力有增强作用,精子适宜的保存温度是4℃,人工授精时,水环境适宜温度在21℃左右,pH为7.0~8.0。

乌苏里拟鲿的不可逆点、窒息点及其对5种常见渔药的敏感性研究

通过实验生态学方法,研究了乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)的初次摄食率、不可逆点、窒息点以及对5种常见渔药的敏感性。结果表明:水温22～23℃条件下,乌苏里拟鲿第7日龄初次摄食率达到最高值100%,仔鱼不可逆点(PNR)发生在孵化后第13天;窒息点与水温呈正相关性(R=0.909 3,P<0.001)、与体质量呈负相关性(R=-0.881 6,P<0.05);水温24～25℃条件下,乌苏里拟鲿对硫酸铜+硫酸亚铁合剂(比例5:2)、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、甲醛、氯化钠5种渔药的安全浓度分别为0.34、0.24、0.27、4.03、1135.56 mg/L,对5种药物敏感性依次排序为:高锰酸钾>硫酸铜>硫酸铜+硫酸亚铁合剂>甲醛>氯化钠。

中矮1号梨砧木(S_2)PGIP基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术,根据GenBank中梨属PGIP基因序列设计1对特异引物,以梨矮化砧木S2叶片总RNA为模板,克隆到1条约1100bp的cDNA片段,将其与pMD18-Tvector连接后转化Escherichia coli JM109,对筛选到的阳性克隆进行序列测定并使用生物信息学方法对所得结果进行综合分析。结果表明,克隆片段为梨PGIP基因,该cDNA编码330个氨基酸,预测分子量为36388ku,第1～24个氨基酸残基是信号肽。与梨属其它种中已获得的PGIP核苷酸序列开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)的同源性为97.5%～99.6%,氨基酸序列的同源性为97.6%～99.1%。

乌苏里鼠李的名实问题

在野外观察和查阅大量标本的基础上 ,认为RhamnusussuriensisJ.Vass.应作为Rh .davuricaPall.

平贝母鳞茎力学特性试验

针对平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis)鳞茎机械化筛分中存在破碎损伤问题,利用物料分析仪对平贝母鳞茎进行了压缩试验和表面硬度试验,测得平贝母地下鳞茎的力—位移曲线以及最大破坏力,分析了平贝母地下鳞茎的破裂损伤规律。结果表明,平贝母鳞茎沿半月形扁圆鳞瓣方向挤压后破坏形式是破瓣,沿垂直半月形扁圆鳞瓣方向挤压后破坏形式是裂纹,破裂力差别明显,屈服力差别不明显,最大破裂力为52.25 N;自然干燥过程中平贝母鳞茎表面变硬,抗摩擦能力增强,果肉变柔,出现裂纹机率减小。

不同表型平贝母有效成分含量的比较

[目的]比较不同表现类型平贝母的有效成分总生物碱的含量差别,为育种提供依据。[方法]采用超声法提取法提取平贝母中的总生物碱,并采用比色法测定其含量。[结果]平贝母常见的绿茎绿叶品系的总生物碱含量为0.170 3%,紫茎紫叶和紫茎绿叶分别为0.180 7%和0.183 0%。[结论]不同表现类型平贝母在总生物碱含量上没在明显差异。

利用线粒体序列分析黑龙江和松花江流域乌苏里拟鲿种群遗传结构

采用PCR技术,对25个乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)线粒体COI、Cytb基因和D-loop区进行遗传结构分析。结果显示:21个个体识别出15个单倍型,单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样性分析显示黑龙江群体遗传多样性略高于松花江群体。分子变异分析(AMOVA)显示,两群体间产生了较大水平的遗传分化,并根据分子钟分析推断黑龙江群体起源早于松花江群体。种群扩张结果表明,松花江和黑龙江乌苏里拟鲿未经历种群扩张。

关于乌苏拟鲿和乌苏里拟鲿同物异名现象之商榷

Pseudobagrus ussuriensis作为一种名优水生经济动物,其养殖生产已在广东、四川、黑龙江等多个省市开展,并且具有蓬勃发展态势。但是,关于Pseudobagrus ussuriensis的中文名称作者通过查阅、浏览、比较《中国动物志》《中国鱼类系统检索》、《中国淡水鱼类原色图集》《黑龙江省鱼类志》等多个相关文献资料,发现Pseudobagrus ussuriensis存在“乌苏拟鲿”和“乌苏里拟鲿”两种命名现象,因此,作者对这一现象进行了初步整理并讨论商榷,以便相关研究人员对这一问题不产生混沌和困惑。

Application of methyl jasmonate postharvest maintains the quality of Nanguo pears by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate(Me JA)dipping treatment on mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality parameters of Nanguo pears during room temperature storage.The results showed that Me JA treatment suppressed the respiration rate and weight loss,and maintained the flesh firmness of Nanguo pears.Me JA also effectively maintained the content of ascorbic acid and titratable acidity in the fruit.Furthermore,the activities of H^(+)-ATPase,Ca^(2+)-ATPase,succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and cytochrome C oxidase(CCO)of the Me JA-treated fruit were significantly higher than those of the untreated fruit.The contents of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and the energy charge were also enhanced by Me JA treatment.These results suggest that postharvest Me JA treatment could maintain the quality of Nanguo pears,in part by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism during room temperature storage.

非健康乌苏里蝮雄性生殖系统组织学结构初探

为了探究乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)生殖生理规律,本文利用常规组织解剖学技术,观察了雄性个体的性腺及附属器官的组织学结构特征。研究中发现在交配前期(5月)个别雄蛇的消化道出现了明显的病症,即在肠道旁出现棒状肿块以及小肠近十二指肠段呈现出异常肿胀,尤为重要的是健康蛇与患病蛇的生殖器官呈现出了明显的解剖学和组织学结构的差异。主要表现为:首先,患病蛇精巢系数与健康蛇有明显差别;其次,患病蛇精巢曲细精管的生精上皮排列均出现不同程度的紊乱,构成生精上皮的细胞有明显的水样变性或脂肪样变性;第三,患病蛇输精管管壁增厚,黏膜细胞由单层立方上皮转变为假复层上皮;输精管黏膜层破损,有细胞脱落现象;管径及其中的精子团面积也明显小于健康蛇。另外,解剖时未发现2条患病蛇的其他器官有可见的病变,因此,初步推测由于消化道疾病影响了患病乌苏里蝮营养吸收,进而引起了精巢和输精管的退行性变化。

罹患口腔炎乌苏里蝮的相关生理学指标分析

口腔炎是人工养殖蛇类的常见病之一,为了深入了解和尽早做好预防工作,对罹患口腔炎的成年雄蛇乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)进行解剖观察,并检测了相关器官的系数、血液学指标和激素等。结果表明:整体肥满度、躯体肥满度、肾系数等数值罹患口腔炎蛇略高于健康蛇;而肝系数、精巢系数和脂肪体系数等罹患口腔炎的蛇低于健康雄蛇,且前两者呈显著性差异,后者呈极显著性差异。性激素检测结果显示罹患口腔炎的蛇血液睾酮和雌二醇含量均低于健康蛇,且均具极显著性差异。血细胞指标中,红细胞数量、红细胞分布均差、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞比率等均为罹患口腔炎的蛇高于健康雄蛇,且具显著性差异,但嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞数量和比率、中间细胞数量及其比率均为患口腔炎的雄蛇低于健康蛇,且具显著性差异。结论:口腔炎不仅影响了主要代谢器官的器官系数的变化,而且血液多项指标和性激素水平也有明显差异。性激素含量的变化将对乌苏里蝮的正常生殖繁育产生不可忽视的影响。另外,NLR和红细胞分布宽度2个血常规指标可作为早期诊断炎症发生的首选参数。