Off-Design Simulation of a CSP Power Plant Integrated with aWaste Heat Recovery System

Concentrating Solar Power(CSP)plants offer a promising way to generate low-emission energy.However,these plants face challenges such as reduced sunlight during winter and cloudy days,despite being located in high solar radiation areas.Furthermore,their dispatch capacities and yields can be affected by high electricity consumption,particularly at night.The present work aims to develop an off-design model that evaluates the hourly and annual performances of a parabolic trough power plant(PTPP)equipped with a waste heat recovery system.The study aims to compare the performances of this new layout with those of the conventional Andasol 1 plant,with the aim of assessing the improvements achieved in the new design.Based on the results,it can be concluded that the new layout has increased the annual generated power to almost 183 GWh(an increase of about 7.60% is achieved compared to the Andasol 1 layout that generates 169 GWh annually).Additionally,the proposed installation has achieved an efficiency of 20.55%,which represents a 7.87% increase compared to the previous design(19.05%).The Levelized Cost of Electricity(LCOE)of the new layout has been reduced by more than 5.8% compared to the Andasol 1 plant.Specifically,it has decreased from 13.11 to 12.35 c/kWh.This reduction in LCOE highlights the improved cost-effectiveness of the newlayout,making it amore economically viable option for generating electricity compared to the conventional Andasol 1 plant.

Integration of Low-level Waste Heat Recovery and Liquefied Nature Gas Cold Energy Utilization

Two novel thermal cycles based on Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle are proposed, respectively, which integrate the recovery of low-level waste heat and Liquefied Nature Gas （LNG） cold energy utilization for power generation. Cascade utilization of energy is realized in the two thermal cycles, where low-level waste heat,low-temperature exergy and pressure exergy of LNG are utilized efficiently through the system synthesis. The simulations are carried out using the commercial Aspen Plus 10.2, and the results are analyzed. Compared with the conventional Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle, the two novel cycles bring 60.94% and 60% in exergy efficiency, respectively and 53.08% and 52.31% in thermal efficiency, respectively.

Numerical and Experimental Study of a Multi-Generation Desalination Power Plant

The demand for more efficient power generation is not only a prominent subject for environmental reasons but for economic reasons as well. Continuing growth in population contributes to more and more consumption of fresh water, demanding less expensive desalination production, especially in the regions with little or no natural fresh water. Multigeneration desalination power plants may provide solutions to these issues through advanced and efficient designs that are capable of supplying fresh water and power to remote or arid regions of the world. This paper examines the flexibility and versatility of multigeneration systems to showcase the myriad of combinations that are available to accommodate any specific application. It also proposes a specific design for a multi-stage flash desalination system that is powered directly by the exhaust gases of a natural gas micro-turbine capable of producing around 1 MW of electrical power. The performance characteristics, the fresh water produced per kW and the overall plant efficiency, are numerically investigated and compared with previous designs that were analyzed on a larger scale. It is determined that the multigeneration system can produce 56,891 gallons of fresh water per day and an estimated 4.07 tons of salt per day and that a small scale multi-generation desalting systems is feasible.

Diesel generator exhaust heat recovery fully-coupled with intake air heating for off-grid mining operations:An experimental,numerical,and analytical evaluation

The customarily discarded exhaust from the fossil fuel-based power plants of the off-grid mines holds the thermal potential to fulfill the heating requirement of the underground operation.This present research fills in an important research gap by investigating the coupling effect between a diesel exhaust heat recovery and an intake air heating system employed in a remote mine.An integrative approach comprising analytical,numerical,and experimental assessment has been adapted.The novel analytical model developed here establishes the reliability of the proposed mine heating system by providing comparative analysis between a coupled and a decoupled system.The effect of working fluid variation has been examined by the numerical analysis and the possible improvement has been identified.Experimental investigations present a demonstration of the successful lab-scale implementation of the concept and validate the numerical and analytical models developed.Successful deployment of the fully coupled mine heating system proposed here will assist the mining industry on its journey towards energy-efficient,and sustainable mining practices through nearly 70%reduction in fossil fuel consumption for heating intentions.

Feasibility Study for Self-Sustained Wastewater Treatment Plants—Using Biogas CHP Fuel Cell, Micro-Turbine, PV and Wind Turbine Systems

This paper studies the application of renewable energy sources in wastewater treatment plants to achieve self-sustain- ability of power. The data of wastewater treatment plant in the rural city of Toukh-EGYPT are presented as a case-study. The primary objective is to provide an entirely renewable standalone power system, which satisfies lowest possible emissions with the minimum lifecycle cost. Mass balance principle is applied on the biodegradable components in the wastewater to evaluate the volume of digester gas that is produced from sludge through anaerobic digestion process. Using digester gas as a fuel lead to study combined-heat-and-power technologies, where fuel cell is selected in order to abide by the low emissions constraint. The study assessed the electrical power obtained from fuel cell and the utilization of the exhausted heat energy for additional electrical power production using a micro-turbine. After covering the major part of load demand, the use of other renewable energy sources was studied. The strength of both solar and wind energy was determined by the case-study location. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software was used to simulate the hybrid system composed of combined-heat-and-power units, wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. Simulation results gave the best system configuration and optimum size of each component beside the detailed electrical and cost analysis of the model.

Optimization Potentials for the Waste Heat Recovery of a Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Power Plant Based on Absorption Heat Pump

A new waste heat recovery system is presented to recover exhausted steam waste heat from the steam turbine by absorption heat pump(AHP) in a gas-steam combined cycle(GSCC) power plant. The system can decrease energy consumption and further improve the energy utilization. The performance evaluation criteria are calculated, and exergy analysis for key components are implemented in terms of the energy and exergy analysis theory. Besides, the change of these criteria is also revealed before and after modification. The net power output approximately increases by 21738 kW, and equivalent coal consumption decreases by 5.58 g/kWh. A 1.81% and 1.92% increase in the thermal and exergy efficiency is respectively obtained in the new integrated system as the heating load is 401095 kJ at 100% condition. Meanwhile, the appropriate extraction parameters for heating have been also analyzed in the two systems. The proposed scheme can not only save energy consumption but also reduce emission and gain great economic benefit, which is proven to be a huge potential for practical application.

A Distributed Energy System with Advanced Utilization of Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat

New trigeneration system consists of an internal combustion engine,a power and cooling cogeneration system and an absorption heat transformer system.The exhaust gas is recovered by the power and cooling cogeneration subsystem producing the cooling and power.The jacket water is recovered by the absorption heat transformer subsystem producing lowpressure steam.The exergy performance and the energy saving performance which is evaluated by the primary energy saving ratio of the new distributed energy system are analyzed.The effects of the ratio of the output power and cooling of the power and cooling cogeneration subsystem and the generator outlet temperature of the absorption heat transformer subsystem to the primary energy saving ratio are considered.The contributions of the subsystems to the primary energy saving ratio are quantified.The maximum primary energy saving ratio of the new distributed energy system is 15.8%,which is 3.9 percentage points higher than that of the conventional distributed energy system due to the cascade utilization of the waste heat from the internal combustion engine.

Thermodynamics of Cascaded Waste Heat Utilization from Flue Gas and Circulating Cooling Water

A detailed thermal power plant model was developed to evaluate power plant waste heat usage in terms of the operating parameters,energy consumption,water consumption,and pollutant emissions.This model was used to analyze the bypass flue gas energy cascade utilization design which provides excellent energy savings and emission reductions.This paper then presents a design to use the low-temperature waste heat and to extract water from the flue gas.The low-grade heat can be recovered from a coal-fired unit using absorption heat pumps to increase the air preheating.This method significantly reduces the turbine steam extraction in the low pressure stages which increases the turbine power and reduces the coal consumption.This design has a small heat transfer temperature difference between the air preheater and the air warmer,resulting in a smaller exergy loss.The power output of the present design was 1024.28 MW with a coal consumption savings of 3.69 g·(kWh)^(−1).In addition,the present design extracts moisture out of the flue gas to produce 46.48 t·h^(−1)of water.The main goal of this work is to provide a theoretical analysis for studying complex thermal power plant systems and various energy conservation and CO_(2)reduction options for conventional power plants.

Analysis and Economic Evaluation of Hourly Operation Strategy Based on MSW Classification and LNG Multi-Generation System

In this study,a model of combined cooling,heating and power system with municipal solid waste(MSW)and liquefied natural gas(LNG)as energy sources was proposed and developed based on the energy demand of a large community,andMSW was classified and utilized.The systemoperated by determining power by heating load,and measures were taken to reduce operating costs by purchasing and selling LNG,natural gas(NG),cooling,heating,and power.Based on this system model,three operation strategies were proposed based on whether MSW was classified and the length of kitchen waste fermentation time,and each strategy was simulated hourly throughout the year.The results showed that the strategy of MSW classified and centralized fermentation of kitchen waste in summer(i.e.,strategy 3)required the least total amount of LNG for the whole year,which was 47701.77 t.In terms of total annual cost expenditure,strategy 3 had the best overall economy,with the lowest total annual expenditure of 2.7730×108 RMB at LNG and NG unit prices of 4 and 4.2 RMB/kg,respectively.The lower heating value of biogas produced by fermentation of kitchen waste from MSW being classified was higher than that of MSW before being classified,so the average annual thermal economy of the operating strategy of MSW being classified was better than that of MSW not being classified.Among the strategies in which MSW was classified and utilized,strategy 3 could better meet the load demand of users in the corresponding season,and thus this strategy had better thermal economy than the strategy of year-round fermentation of kitchen waste(i.e.,strategy 2).The hourly analysis data showed that the net electrical efficiency of the system varies in the same trend as the cooling,heating and power loads in all seasons,while the relationship between the energy utilization efficiency and load varied from season to season.This study can provide guidance for the practical application of MSW being classified in the system.

燃烧热测定实验的课程思政设计——农林废弃物的热值测定

燃烧热测定是一个经典的物理化学实验。本案例将燃烧热测定与农林废弃物燃烧发电对接,对实验内容进行了适当调整,让学生了解燃烧热测定对保障发电厂安全运行的重要意义,以及农林废弃物燃烧发电对服务“三农”、乡村振兴和“双碳”战略的重要意义,提高了学生学以致用的能力,激发了学生的学习兴趣,引导学生关心国家能源安全、环境保护、可持续发展和人民的生命健康,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

基于燃机余热和地热能的联合发电系统优化设计及热力性能分析

设计了一种超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_(2))再压缩系统与地热双闪蒸系统相结合的新型燃机余热利用联合发电系统。基于所建联合系统参数优化模型,应用遗传算法计算分析了联合系统内部参数和边界参数对最大输出功和燃机余热利用率的影响。结果表明:通过系统参数优化,联合系统实现了余热在2个子系统中的合理分配,加深了燃机余热的进一步利用;当一级闪蒸压力取99.89 kPa、二级闪蒸压力取29.4 kPa、S-CO_(2)质量流量取22.68 kg/s、分流比取0.3085时,联合系统最大净输出功达到6.402 MW,对应余热效率为67.9%;当一级闪蒸压力在90~115 kPa、二级闪蒸压力在25~35 kPa时,联合系统均可实现较高的净输出功,与最佳值的相对偏差在0.8%以内;随着S-CO_(2)流量或分流比逐渐增大,联合系统的净输出功均呈现先增大后减小的规律;联合系统的最大净输出功随S-CO_(2)透平进口压力的增大而增加,随S-CO_(2)透平出口压力和预冷器出口温度的增大而减小。

粉煤灰矿化电厂烟气CO_(2)技术及关键科学问题

燃煤发电是我国能源安全的重要保障,但烟气中会排放大量CO_(2),同时,也会产生大量粉煤灰。利用粉煤灰矿化封存电厂烟气CO_(2),并将矿化产物进行综合利用,可达到大宗固废处置与CO_(2)长效封存的双重目的。目前,粉煤灰矿化电厂烟气CO_(2)技术仍存在矿化效率低、反应时间长、CO_(2)处理量小等不足,其对应的关键科学问题和技术瓶颈亟待解决。简要介绍了粉煤灰矿化烟气CO_(2)的基本原理,分析了不同反应条件对粉煤灰碱土金属离子浸出和CO_(2)矿化反应效率的影响机制,对比了CO_(2)直接矿化反应工艺、碱土金属预浸出工艺、CO_(2)预吸收工艺等3种流程的优缺点,提出了包含粉煤灰碱土金属离子高效浸出、CO_(2)矿化反应过程强化、粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)智能装备、矿化效果综合评价等方面的粉煤灰高效矿化烟气CO_(2)技术体系,总结了粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)产物的物理化学性质,提出了粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)产物高值化综合利用的构想。最后,凝练出了粉煤灰碱土金属离子快速浸出与CO_(2)高效矿化特性、粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)大型反应器中多相混合与反应规律、粉煤灰浆液矿化CO_(2)产物性质的调控机制等3个关键科学问题,指明了基础研究-关键技术与装备研发-工程应用全链条的攻关方向,为粉煤灰高效矿化烟气CO_(2)及产物综合利用提供了参考,对于双碳目标实现和固废综合利用具有重要意义。

CCPP机组余热锅炉高压蒸发器泄漏分析与处理

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(CCPP)作为高效能源转换系统,在钢铁等工业领域得到广泛应用。余热锅炉作为CCPP机组的核心部件,其稳定运行直接关系到整个机组的效率和安全性。文章针对某钢厂燃气轮机组配套余热锅炉高压蒸发器上部迎烟气面频繁泄漏问题进行了深入研究,分析泄漏原因为其下联箱内沉积物导致蒸发器管内水流量减小,进而产生汽水混合物的冲击腐蚀,同时炉膛局部区域的“烟气走廊”现象加剧了这一腐蚀过程。针对这一问题,采取更换泄漏管段、改造下联箱定排管系统以提高排污效率、修复和完善烟气挡板以减少“烟气走廊”形成、优化定期排污操作以及制定定期的检查和维护计划等措施,有效地解决了高压蒸发器的泄漏问题,提高了设备的稳定性和安全性。

煤矿瓦斯抽采液环真空泵新型降温及余热利用方法研究

瓦斯抽采液环真空泵温度高是导致其运行效率低和使用寿命短的重要原因。基于液环泵无用功耗散理论,定量分析了泵的产热-散热机理,提出了基于低温热泵的瓦斯抽采泵智能降温及余热利用技术,并搭建了工程试验系统,研究了进液温度、工作液流量、环境温度等参数对系统降温效果的影响。以李村煤矿2BEC87型瓦斯抽采泵为试验对象,在吸气负压为-53 kPa、进液流量为10 m3/h时,进液温度可由35℃降至16℃,运行温度由54℃降至45℃,降温效果显著;抽采泵运行效率提高了7%以上。

考虑光热电站和柔性负荷的电氢热综合能源系统联合优化运行

为解决现有综合能源系统运行灵活性差及风、光消纳难的问题,同时充分利用氢能实现碳减排目标,本文提出一种考虑光热电站和柔性负荷的电氢热综合能源系统联合优化运行方法。首先,基于光热电站和含电转氢余热利用的氢能系统模型构建电氢热综合能源系统。其次,考虑需求侧电氢热柔性负荷的特征和调节价值,构建含可平移、可转移、可削减负荷的电氢热柔性负荷模型。然后,进一步构建考虑电氢热柔性负荷调节特性的电氢热综合能源系统联合优化运行模型。最后,通过算例仿真验证所提方法能够兼顾经济运行与低碳效果,不仅可以提高光热电站与氢能系统的联合运行能力,而且能够有效提升系统运行的经济性和低碳性,电、氢、热负荷峰谷差分别降低6.68%、11.95%、8.35%,系统运行总成本降低24.4%。

精细化工厂余热回收利用方案设计及应用

结合一精细化工厂节能技改实例,简要介绍了工业余热资源特点,着重分析研究了该工厂余热回收利用系统方案设计及应用效果,重点介绍了技术工艺设备及突出特点,阐述了企业因地制宜回收利用余热资源能够取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。

焦化厂烟气脱硫脱硝及余热利用方法研究

焦化厂生产中产生的烟气含有大量的污染物,一旦排放到大气中,会造成严重的环境污染。因此,需要结合实际情况,引进科学合理的烟气脱硫脱硝技术,减少硫化物、NOx污染排放问题,并优化余热回收利用效率,减少资源浪费,促进焦化厂经营效益的提升。基于此,主要对焦化厂烟气脱硫脱硝技术应用以及余热回收利用方法进行探究,旨在进一步提高焦化厂脱硫脱硝效果,减少污染排放,真正实现节能减排和环保目标,促进焦化厂环保技改工作的顺利进行。

生物质电厂灰作高性能混凝土掺合料的试验分析

生物质电厂灰获取便利且具有一定火山灰活性。为测试生物质电厂灰作高性能混凝土掺合料的可行性和性能影响,本文对生物质电厂灰进行了理化特性分析,对灰样进行了预处理,制备了10%,20%和30%掺量的高性能混凝土试块进行了抗压强度试验和抗氯离子渗透性能测试,结果表明以处理后的生物质电厂灰作高性能混凝土的掺合料,随掺量增加,高性能混凝土试块抗压能力减小,但总体满足强度要求;掺入生物质电厂灰可以提高高性能混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀能力。

基于余热回收的吸收式热泵系统在热电厂的节能环保效益

以某热电厂为调研对象,根据厂区的余热资源和冷热负荷需求,提出了一套基于余热回收的蒸汽型吸收式热泵系统。该系统在冬季回收脱硫塔循环水中的余热用于厂区内的建筑供暖和加热锅炉补水,并在夏季利用20℃的锅炉除盐水作为冷却剂,回收建筑得热。采用EnergyPlus软件构建了原有空调系统和余热回收系统的能耗模型,以一个模拟周期为例,对比分析了两者在能耗、运行费用、环保效益等方面的差异。结果表明,该系统每年可回收热量2656GJ、节省标煤3.79t、减少CO_(2)排放18.53t,节能环保效果显著。

基于热泵技术的余热回收供热系统

传统热电厂的循环冷却水中含有大量的低品位余热,利用热泵技术对其进行回收,能够显著提升供热系统的能源利用效率,有利于实现节能减排和“碳中和”目标。设计基于单、双吸收式热泵机组的余热回收供热系统,旨在有效利用循环冷却水中的余热,增加供热能力并分析系统性能。结果表明,与传统供热系统相比,两种余热回收供热系统均可显著回收循环冷却水的热量,提高系统供热量并大幅减少能源消耗,带来可观的经济收益;双吸收式热泵机组系统展现出更优异的热力性能,具备显著的节能减排优势。分析循环冷却水入口温度和一次网回水温度对双吸收式热泵机组性能的影响,发现循环冷却水温度对系统性能影响较大,随着循环冷却水温度的升高,系统的供热量增加比例、节约标煤量和新增供热面积均增加,而一次网回水温度对系统性能的影响较小,随一次网回水温度的升高,系统的供热量增加比例、节约标准煤量和新增供热面积几乎不变。