Structural properties of residual carbon in coal gasification fine slag and their influence on flotation separation and resource utilization:A review

Coal gasification fine slag(FS)is a typical solid waste generated in coal gasification.Its current disposal methods of stockpil-ing and landfilling have caused serious soil and ecological hazards.Separation recovery and the high-value utilization of residual carbon(RC)in FS are the keys to realizing the win-win situation of the coal chemical industry in terms of economic and environmental benefits.The structural properties,such as pore,surface functional group,and microcrystalline structures,of RC in FS(FS-RC)not only affect the flotation recovery efficiency of FS-RC but also form the basis for the high-value utilization of FS-RC.In this paper,the characteristics of FS-RC in terms of pore structure,surface functional groups,and microcrystalline structure are sorted out in accordance with gasification type and FS particle size.The reasons for the formation of the special structural properties of FS-RC are analyzed,and their influence on the flotation separation and high-value utilization of FS-RC is summarized.Separation methods based on the pore structural characterist-ics of FS-RC,such as ultrasonic pretreatment-pore-blocking flotation and pore breaking-flocculation flotation,are proposed to be the key development technologies for improving FS-RC recovery in the future.The design of low-cost,low-dose collectors containing polar bonds based on the surface and microcrystalline structures of FS-RC is proposed to be an important breakthrough point for strengthening the flotation efficiency of FS-RC in the future.The high-value utilization of FS should be based on the physicochemical structural proper-ties of FS-RC and should focus on the environmental impact of hazardous elements and the recyclability of chemical waste liquid to es-tablish an environmentally friendly utilization method.This review is of great theoretical importance for the comprehensive understand-ing of the unique structural properties of FS-RC,the breakthrough of the technological bottleneck in the efficient flotation separation of FS,and the expansion of the field of the high value-added utilization of FS-RC.

Resource utilization of hazardous gypsum sludge in oxidation smelting of lead concentrate

Gypsum sludge,a hazardous waste generated by the non-ferrous smelting industry,presents a significant challenge for disposal and utilization.To investigate the feasibility of substituting gypsum sludge for limestone as a flux for smelting,the effects of calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))and smelting conditions on oxygen-rich smelting of lead concentrate were studied.The interaction between CaSO_(4)and sulfides facilitates the conversion of CaSO_(4)into CaO,which is crucial for slag formation.The order of the influence of sulfide minerals on the conversion of CaSO_(4)is pyrite>sphalerite>galena.When using gypsum sludge exclusively as the calcium source,under optimal conditions with a CaO/SiO_(2)mass ratio of 0.8,an FeO/SiO_(2)mass ratio of 1.2,a melting temperature of 1150℃,an oxygen flow rate of 1.3 L/min,the recovery rates of Pb and Zn in the lead-rich slag reached 85.01%and 95.69%,respectively,with a sulfur content of 2.65 wt%.The As content in the smelting slag obtained by reduction smelting was 0.02 wt%.Resource utilization of gypsum sludge in lead smelting is a feasible method.

Efficient utilization of ecological and cultural-tourism resources:Taking Guangzhou Cultural Park as an example

Land space is precious resource and carrier of various economic activities.Ecosystem Product Value Realization and Cultural Tourism is new economic growth point for green and low-carbon development.It is necessary to study how to intensively and efficiently utilize ecological and cultural-tourism resources under"Three zones three lines for land use"(3Z3L),which is basic land space planning policy.However,there are few research and cases due to difficulties of interdisciplinary research.This article adopts the methods of policies research,graphic analysis,and visiting,to study efficient utilization of ecological and cultural-tourism resources.This study found that the development of land spaces of ecology,agriculture,and urban areas is 3D trend,multi-purpose resource utilization can be achieved by improving the utilization efficiency of 3D space and differentiating spatial utilization in different periods.Taking Guangzhou Cultural Park as an example,the research object has improved the efficiency of ecological and cultural-tourism resource utilization by its managements and technology,such as“house under the tree,tree inside the house”.However,there are shortcomings just as planning and protection policies with it.We proposed to optimize the spatial planning and regulations,and improve the protection of overlapping areas of 3Z3L by planning and regulations,improve the utilization efficiency of ecological and cultural-tourism space,meet the urban young people's multiple needs such as culture and ecology in 3D space,use new technologies to improve ecological services quality such as biological methods,strengthen the coordination of multiple management departments with the concept of nature based solutions,develop the“Reversed Transmission Effect”,keep the boundary of urban development strictly.

Feasibility Analysis and Practice Research of Resource Utilization of Waste from Planting and Breeding Industry

With the extending scale of agricultural production,the treatment and utilization of waste have become increasingly serious environmental problem.Taking city garden and Zhongnan pasture in Pujiang Town of Minhang District in Shanghai for example,according to the analysis on discharge characteristic of waste and balance of resources and energy utilization,mixed anaerobic digestion was chosen to dispose waste based on government guidance and feasibility analysis of project,and the combining disposal and resource utilization of waste were realized in two enterprises,providing reference for close cases.

Research on Background and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Maize

[Objective] The research aimed at introducing the background and utilization of germplasm resources in maize.[Method] The research progress on genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources was comprehensively reviewed in this paper,including maize heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,their flexible application in breeding and the utilization of various types of original materials.[Result] The results show that germplasm resource is the premise and basis for maize breeding.In-depth understanding and a reasonable selection of germplasm resources can significantly improve the breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding process.At the same time,it is considered that the selection and construction of original materials in maize breeding can not be limited to the heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,but has to be used reasonablely according to different types of germplasm resources and individual breeding objective and idea as well.[Conclusion] This study had broadened the idea and provided inspiration for the maize breeding practice in China.

Documentation Concordance,Sharing and Utilization of Tea Germplasm Resources in Yunnan

In this paper,the research achievements and progress of Yunnan tea germplasm resource in past sixty years are systematically reviewed from the following aspects：exploration,collecting,conservation,protection,identification,evaluation and shared utilization.Simultaneously,the current problems and the suggestions about subsequent development of tea germplasm resources in Yunnan were discussed,including superior and rare germplasm collection,tea genetic diversity research,biotechnology utilization in tea germplasm innovation,super gene exploration and function,the construction of utilization platform,biological base of species and population conservation.

Utilization Potential of Sorghum-Sudan Grass Hybrid as a Bio-energy Resource

In this paper, we discussed the utilization potential of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource, including the growth speed, biomass, adapt- ability, resistance, photosynthesis, and calorific value. The Sorghum-Sudan grass hy- brid grew rapidly, and it had abundant biomass resources, strong adaptability and strong resistance （leanness-resistance, salt-tolerance, alkali-tolerance, etc）. Moreover, the planting of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid did not occupy the farmland. It had high photosynthetic efficiency and high calorific value. Its composition also met the requirements by raw material of bio-energy resources. In addition, the economic benefits of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource were analyzed, and the existing problems and countermeasures in the development of Sorghum-Su- dan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource were discussed.

Eco-taxes and Sustainable Utilization of Grassland Resources

The sustainable development of grassland resources objectively requires that the social, economic and ecological costs of grassland resources should be brought into economic activities in order to internalize the external costs of grassland resources. Eco-tax is a very effective means to internalize the externality of grassland resources. Its main advantage is to bdng the cost of ecological environment into economic life, which can amend market pdce, improve the effectiveness of government policies, perform the eco-saboteurs-pays principle, and thus perfect the ecological compensation system.

Sustainable Utilization of Arable Land Resources in Karst Area:A Case Study of Anshun City of China

Aiming at utilization status of arable land resources in Anshun City,a Karst area,quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed from the viewpoints of quality,quantity and benefits of arable land.And the benefits of arable land were analyzed with multiple linear regression.Finally,the sustainable utilization of arable land resources was discussed,and several protection measures were pointed out.

Study on Sustainable Utilization of Resources of the Damp-heat Karst Mountainous Areas in China

Damp-heat karst mountainous areas are unique areas in terms of socialeconomic development, resource endowment and eco-environment in China, where natural resources are abundant,unique and diverse. However, fragile eco-environment, undeveloped economy and culture, and conflict of human and environment should not be ignored. In the research, a framework of integration of resource-development and environment-protection in damp-heat karst was designed on basis of resource and environment integration, which was applied to Daxin County in Guangxi Province. Furthermore, some integration models were proposed, including integration of development of characteristic agricultural resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of manganese ore resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of tourism resources and protection of ecoenvironment and integration of development of clean energy and protection of eco-environment.

Progress in Resource Utilization of River Sediment in the Field of Building Materials

At present,there is a great demand for building materials in the market,and the market prospect of building materials is relatively considerable.Through studying the composition of river sediment and its resource utilization in the field of building materials,this paper expounds the current domestic scholars research on river sediment in building materials,and summarizes the current problems and challenges,so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of river sediment in the field of building materials.

Investigation and analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province

Wuyi Mountain,located in the north of Fujian Province,China,is renowned for its abundant medicinal plant resources.In July 2014,the 8th(second team)of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University’s Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigation in the area.Through specimen collection and extensive literature review,the team identified and analyzed 223 vascular plant species from 175 genera and 85 families.The most dominant families were Compositae and Rosaceae,and perennial herbs were the predominant species,accounting for 44.39%of the total species identified.Notably,we documented five precious and rare medicinal plants unique to Wuyi Mountain.This study updates the database of plant resources and diversity in the region,providing a valuable reference for future studies.Finally,we put forward some suggestions to enhance the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wuyi Mountain’s plant resources.

Analysis of plant resources and diversity in the southeast area of Taihang Mountains

Taihang Mountains are situated between Shanxi Province and the North China Plain,spanning Beijing,Hebei,Shanxi,and Henan provinces and cities.The mountains extend from northeast to southwest for over 400 km,naturally deviding the second step from the third one in China.The southeastern area of Taihang Mountains specifically refers to Changzhi City and Jincheng Administrative Region of Shanxi Province.Given Shanxi Province’s robust development plans for the southeast area of Taihang Mountains,the medicinal plant resources in this area will be affected.Therefore,it is imperative and urgent to conduct a comprehensive investigation and study on the medicinal plant resources in the southeast area of Taihang Mountains.By means of field investigation,literature review,and specimen identification,the plant resources and diversity of two counties in the southeast of Taihang Mountains were evaluated.The findings revealed 234 plants species across 172 genera in 70 families,primarily comprising angiosperms.The families with more species included Compositae,Leguminosae,Rosaceae,Labiatae,Ranunculaceae.Among the genera,those with more species were Cynanchum,Selaginella,Clematis,Thalictrum,and Rhamnus.A total of 114 medicinal plants were identified,constituting 48.72%of the total.Regarding medicinal parts,the concentration is in roots and rhizomes,followed by whole plants and fruits.On the basis of investigation and study,some suggestions on the development,utilization,and protection of medicinal plant resources in southeast Taihang Mountains were made.These suggestions provide valuable insights for the study on medicinal plant resources and vegetation in the southeast of Taihang Mountains,serving as a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.

Analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Fanjing Mountain,Guizhou Province

Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve is located at the junction of Jiangkou,Yinjiang and Songtao counties in the Tongren region of Guizhou Province.Because of the topography and humid climate of the central subtropical monsoonal mountains,the plant species in this area are rich and diverse.The vascular plant resources and diversity of Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province were studied through field survey,literature review and specimen identification.The results show that there are 284 species of vascular plants in the region,belonging to 205 genera in 93 families,mainly angiosperms.Liliaceae,Asteraceae,Polygonaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae and Polygonum have the most species,followed by Sedum,Dioscorea,Actinidia Lindl and Thalictrum.In terms of life types,perennial herbs are the most dominant,accounting for 68.47%of the total number of species,and annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and vine types also present.There are 222 species identified as medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 78.2%of the total number of species.The medicinal parts are primarily found in the whole herb category,followed by the root and rhizome category.

Analysis of wild medicinal vascular plant resources and diversity in Dabie Mountains, Anhui Province

Dabie Mountains are located at the junction of Anhui,Henan and Hubei provinces in the East of China.With its varied altitude,climate,and soil texture,Dabie Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.The 12th Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Resources Scientific Expedition Team of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University conducted a study on wild vascular plants resources,especially medicinal vascular plants,through field investigation,literature review and specimen identification.There were 472 species of vascular plants belonging to 347 genera and 125 families collected during July 2018 in this area,of which 424 species were medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 89.83%of the total.From the perspective of medicinal parts,most of the medicinal plants there have values in their roots and rhizomes,as well as the whole plants.The efficacy and characteristics of these pharmaceutical dimensions were also summarized and analyzed in detail.Besides,among the wild vascular plants collected,the most dominant families with the biggest numbers of species are Compositae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,Saxifragaceae and Polygonaceae,and the dominant genus are Viola and Sedum.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are dominant,accounting for 55.72%of the total species,followed by some annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and lianas.Finally,recommendations are put forward for strengthening the protection and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources in Dabie Mountains.

SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE INLAND RIVERBASIN OF ARID NORTHWEST CHINA

Calculated in terms of surface runoff plus irrepeated groundwater, there is about 8. 67 ×1010m3 of total available water resources in the inland river basins of arid Northwest China. Water resources is the decisive factor for survival of oases and human being. But there have arisen several aspects of Serious eco-environment problems resulted from irrational exploitation and utilization. From now on, the development and utilization of water not only requires to promote regional economy, but also needs to protect and improve the environment based on their potential. Sustainable utilization needs to broaden new sources and saving water at first. Then three measures are recommended.

Surface runoff processes and sustainable utilization of water resources in Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, China

Water is the important resource to guarantee the existence and development of oases in arid areas. To improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Manas River Basin, this paper investigated the trends and periods of runoff based on the runoff and climate data for the past 50 years. Subsequently, with the socioeconomic and water resources data, we studied a comprehensive evaluation on the water security in this area. The results indicated that the stream flows in the three hydrological stations of Hongshanzui, Kensiwat and Bajiahu have sig- nificantly increased and undergone abrupt changes, with periods of 18 and 20 years. According to assessment, water security in the Manas River Basin was at an unsafe level in 2008. In criterion layer, the ecological security index and the index of supply-demand situation are both at the relatively secure level; the quantity index and so- cioeconomic index of water resources are at the unsafe level and basic security level, respectively. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable economic and social development within the Manas River Basin, it is vital to take a series of effective measures to improve the status of water security.

Research Progress on Resource Utilization of Municipal Sludge

The production of municipal sludge is huge,and the sludge contains a large quantity of organic matter and nutrient elements. In this study,the development status of sludge compost at home and abroad was briefly described,and the environmental risk of land use of sludge compost was summarized. Meanwhile,the utilization direction of sludge compost was proposed. The use of sludge compost in urban green soil and forestry soil is one of effective ways to solve the problem of municipal sludge. It also provides ideas for the disposal of domestic sludge.

CONSTRAINING FACTORS TO SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND THEIR COUNTERMEASURES IN CHINA

This paper discusses the constraining factors to sustainable utilization ofwater resources in China, and the countermeasures to realize sustainable water utilization. Theresult of comprehensive analysis shows that constraining factors to sustainable utilization of waterresources in China are complicated, including physical geographical factors and socio-economicfactors, such as uneven distribution of water resources at temporal and spatial scales,inappropriate institutional arrangement and non-water-saving and non-wter-conservation productionand life mode. The countermeasures against constraining factors to water resources sustainabledevelopment are put forward as follows: 1) using wetlands and forests, and through spatialconversion to realize temporally sustainable supply of water resources; 2) transferring waterbetween basins and areas and developing various water resources in water shortage area; 3)establishing water-saving society; 4) strengthening water pollution control and water resourcesprotection; and 5) establishing unified water resources management mechanism.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF MINERAL RESOURCES UTILIZATION IN CHINA

ＴＨＥ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬ ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳ ＡＮＤ ＣＯＵＮＴＥＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＳ ＯＦ ＭＩＮＥＲＡＬ ＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ ＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＮＡＸｕＱｉａｎｇ（徐强）（ＨｅｂｅｉＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｓｈｉ...