Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Since ASF has been introduced into Europe and Asia, the major pig-raising...Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Since ASF has been introduced into Europe and Asia, the major pig-raising areas, posing a huge threat to the pork industry worldwide. Currently, prevention and control of ASF are basically dependent on strict biosecurity measures and stamping-out policy once ASF occurs.Main text: The major risks of ASF spread are insufficient biosecurity measures and human behaviors. Therefore, a safe and effective vaccine seems to be a reasonable demand for the prevention and control of ASF. Due to the efficacy advantage over other types of vaccines, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), especially virulence-associated genes deleted vaccines, are likely to be put into emergency and conditional use in restricted areas if ASF is out of control in a country with a huge pig population and pork consumption, like China. However, the safety, efficacy, and genetic stability of current candidate ASF LAVs require comprehensive clinical evaluations prior to country-wide field application. Several critical issues need to be addressed to commercialize an ideal ASF LAV, including a stable cell line for manufacturing vaccines, differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), and cross-protection from different genotypes.Conclusion: A safe and effective DIVA vaccine and an accompanying diagnostic assay will facilitate the prevention, control, and eradication of ASF, which is quite challenging in the near future.展开更多
This paper summarized the pressure control methods used in 16 large-scale production facilities in China for vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.We presented the p...This paper summarized the pressure control methods used in 16 large-scale production facilities in China for vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.We presented the pressure control modes,with their characteristics,of the"constant supply"mode-variable exhaust air volume system and the"constant supply"mode-constant exhaust air volume system.This paper analyzed the influence of common problems(e.g.,pressure reference zero drift,positive pressure reversal and failure to restore the original normal working conditions after working condition conversion)on system stability during pressure control in BSL-3 large-scale production facilities and their solutions,providing references for the design and implementation of similar construction projects under the new situation.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. U20A2060 and 32072854)
文摘Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Since ASF has been introduced into Europe and Asia, the major pig-raising areas, posing a huge threat to the pork industry worldwide. Currently, prevention and control of ASF are basically dependent on strict biosecurity measures and stamping-out policy once ASF occurs.Main text: The major risks of ASF spread are insufficient biosecurity measures and human behaviors. Therefore, a safe and effective vaccine seems to be a reasonable demand for the prevention and control of ASF. Due to the efficacy advantage over other types of vaccines, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), especially virulence-associated genes deleted vaccines, are likely to be put into emergency and conditional use in restricted areas if ASF is out of control in a country with a huge pig population and pork consumption, like China. However, the safety, efficacy, and genetic stability of current candidate ASF LAVs require comprehensive clinical evaluations prior to country-wide field application. Several critical issues need to be addressed to commercialize an ideal ASF LAV, including a stable cell line for manufacturing vaccines, differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), and cross-protection from different genotypes.Conclusion: A safe and effective DIVA vaccine and an accompanying diagnostic assay will facilitate the prevention, control, and eradication of ASF, which is quite challenging in the near future.
基金supported and financially funded by the National Key R&D Program of China:Source identification,monitoring and integrated control of indoor microbial contamination(No.2017YFC0702800).
文摘This paper summarized the pressure control methods used in 16 large-scale production facilities in China for vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.We presented the pressure control modes,with their characteristics,of the"constant supply"mode-variable exhaust air volume system and the"constant supply"mode-constant exhaust air volume system.This paper analyzed the influence of common problems(e.g.,pressure reference zero drift,positive pressure reversal and failure to restore the original normal working conditions after working condition conversion)on system stability during pressure control in BSL-3 large-scale production facilities and their solutions,providing references for the design and implementation of similar construction projects under the new situation.
