Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum...Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF 6 gas,which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol.Vacuum,an eco-friendly natural medium,is promising for reducing the usage of SF 6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage.Second,switching in vacuum achieves faster current interruption than existing alternating current(AC)switching technolo-gies.A vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)that uses an electromagnetic repulsion actuator is able to achieve a theoretical limit of AC interruption,which can interrupt a short-circuit current in the first half-cycle of a fault current,compared to the more common three cycles for existing current switching technologies.This can thus greatly enhance the transient stability of power networks in the presence of short-circuit faults,especially for ultra-and extra-high-voltage power transmission lines.Third,based on fast vacuum switching technology,various brilliant applications emerge,which are benefiting the power systems.They include the applications in the fields of direct current(DC)circuit breakers(CBs),fault current lim-iting,power quality improvement,generator CBs,and so forth.Fast vacuum switching technology is promising for controlled switching technology in power systems because it has low variation in terms of opening and closing times.With this controlled switching,vacuum switching technology may change the“gene”of power systems,by which power switching transients will become smoother.展开更多
短路电流快速相控开断的关键与难点在于解决故障辨识和零点预测快速性与精准性之间的固有矛盾。为此,研究并提出一种基于长短期记忆网络(long short term memory,LSTM)算法的短路电流零点快速预测方法。搭建了相控装置试验平台,通过实...短路电流快速相控开断的关键与难点在于解决故障辨识和零点预测快速性与精准性之间的固有矛盾。为此,研究并提出一种基于长短期记忆网络(long short term memory,LSTM)算法的短路电流零点快速预测方法。搭建了相控装置试验平台,通过实时数字仿真(real time digital simulation system,RTDS)试验及短路故障录波试验对LSTM算法的电流预测能力进行了验证;研究并讨论了LSTM网络隐藏层节点数、采样窗口长度、故障起始相角、工频分量幅值、直流衰减时间常数以及信噪比等因素对零点预测误差的影响。仿真与试验结果表明,故障识别时间为0.3 ms,零点预测采样时间为3 ms,零点预测误差为±0.5 ms,LSTM方法能在保证预测精度与传统方法相当的条件下,显著缩短预测时间,提升预测快速性,为系统故障的快速开断提供理论依据和技术支撑。展开更多
针对电磁斥力机构真空快速开关的机械状态监测问题,提出了一种最大奇异值能量熵(energy entropy of maximum singular value,EEMSE)和随机森林的故障诊断方法。首先,在真空快速开关中采集振动信号,对振动信号进行改进S变换得到模矩阵,...针对电磁斥力机构真空快速开关的机械状态监测问题,提出了一种最大奇异值能量熵(energy entropy of maximum singular value,EEMSE)和随机森林的故障诊断方法。首先,在真空快速开关中采集振动信号,对振动信号进行改进S变换得到模矩阵,随后对该矩阵的子矩阵进行奇异值分解,再利用信息熵理论对最大奇异值求熵得到特征向量,最后将特征向量输入随机森林模型进行故障分类和诊断。与不同特征量和分类器比较后的结果表明,文中提出的真空快速开关机械故障诊断方法特征一致性好,模型诊断速度较快,对实验样本总体诊断准确率达到了100%。展开更多
基于快速闭合开关在中压大电流下的工作需求,提高真空触发开关的应用电压等级,设计了一种大容量的40.5 k V真空触发开关。为了满足80 k A峰值电流的通流能力,该开关采用了多棒极型的主电极结构设计以增加开关的通流面积并提高开关的电...基于快速闭合开关在中压大电流下的工作需求,提高真空触发开关的应用电压等级,设计了一种大容量的40.5 k V真空触发开关。为了满足80 k A峰值电流的通流能力,该开关采用了多棒极型的主电极结构设计以增加开关的通流面积并提高开关的电气寿命。针对40.5 k V系统的绝缘要求,对电极结构进行了倒角优化。选取了合适的屏蔽罩尺寸,改善了开关内部电场的分布,提高了开关的绝缘性能。针对设计的开关,设计了触发系统,该系统可以稳定输出50 k V的脉冲电压和3 k A的触发电流,保证可靠触发开关。设计的样机通过了峰值80 k A,脉宽15 ms的短路电流试验,工作寿命20次,触发时延<15μs;短路电流试验前后进行了工频耐压试验和雷电冲击试验,试验结果表明开关具有较高的绝缘水平。展开更多
触发真空开关的电寿命是制约其发展的瓶颈,基于激光触发和快速操动机构的开关可解决此问题。当其工作电流过大时,快速操动机构动作联动激光触发间隙电极闭合。因为主电极和靶电极的烧蚀和相应的材料损耗是造成电寿命较短的主要原因,因...触发真空开关的电寿命是制约其发展的瓶颈,基于激光触发和快速操动机构的开关可解决此问题。当其工作电流过大时,快速操动机构动作联动激光触发间隙电极闭合。因为主电极和靶电极的烧蚀和相应的材料损耗是造成电寿命较短的主要原因,因此快速操动机构的应用所带来的开关寿命的增加是显著的。设计了基于激光触发和快速操动机构的开关,对其进行了静电场仿真,以优化参数。对开关进行了基本特性实验,当工作电压为250 k V,激光能量为2 m J时,开关延时为60 ns,抖动为5 ns。通过实验发现,随着激光能量和开关工作电压的升高,开关导通延时和抖动显著减少。该开关可应用在对寿命要求较高的脉冲功率系统中。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51937009 and 51877166)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2019ZDLGY18-04)
文摘Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF 6 gas,which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol.Vacuum,an eco-friendly natural medium,is promising for reducing the usage of SF 6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage.Second,switching in vacuum achieves faster current interruption than existing alternating current(AC)switching technolo-gies.A vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)that uses an electromagnetic repulsion actuator is able to achieve a theoretical limit of AC interruption,which can interrupt a short-circuit current in the first half-cycle of a fault current,compared to the more common three cycles for existing current switching technologies.This can thus greatly enhance the transient stability of power networks in the presence of short-circuit faults,especially for ultra-and extra-high-voltage power transmission lines.Third,based on fast vacuum switching technology,various brilliant applications emerge,which are benefiting the power systems.They include the applications in the fields of direct current(DC)circuit breakers(CBs),fault current lim-iting,power quality improvement,generator CBs,and so forth.Fast vacuum switching technology is promising for controlled switching technology in power systems because it has low variation in terms of opening and closing times.With this controlled switching,vacuum switching technology may change the“gene”of power systems,by which power switching transients will become smoother.
文摘短路电流快速相控开断的关键与难点在于解决故障辨识和零点预测快速性与精准性之间的固有矛盾。为此,研究并提出一种基于长短期记忆网络(long short term memory,LSTM)算法的短路电流零点快速预测方法。搭建了相控装置试验平台,通过实时数字仿真(real time digital simulation system,RTDS)试验及短路故障录波试验对LSTM算法的电流预测能力进行了验证;研究并讨论了LSTM网络隐藏层节点数、采样窗口长度、故障起始相角、工频分量幅值、直流衰减时间常数以及信噪比等因素对零点预测误差的影响。仿真与试验结果表明,故障识别时间为0.3 ms,零点预测采样时间为3 ms,零点预测误差为±0.5 ms,LSTM方法能在保证预测精度与传统方法相当的条件下,显著缩短预测时间,提升预测快速性,为系统故障的快速开断提供理论依据和技术支撑。
文摘针对电磁斥力机构真空快速开关的机械状态监测问题,提出了一种最大奇异值能量熵(energy entropy of maximum singular value,EEMSE)和随机森林的故障诊断方法。首先,在真空快速开关中采集振动信号,对振动信号进行改进S变换得到模矩阵,随后对该矩阵的子矩阵进行奇异值分解,再利用信息熵理论对最大奇异值求熵得到特征向量,最后将特征向量输入随机森林模型进行故障分类和诊断。与不同特征量和分类器比较后的结果表明,文中提出的真空快速开关机械故障诊断方法特征一致性好,模型诊断速度较快,对实验样本总体诊断准确率达到了100%。
文摘基于快速闭合开关在中压大电流下的工作需求,提高真空触发开关的应用电压等级,设计了一种大容量的40.5 k V真空触发开关。为了满足80 k A峰值电流的通流能力,该开关采用了多棒极型的主电极结构设计以增加开关的通流面积并提高开关的电气寿命。针对40.5 k V系统的绝缘要求,对电极结构进行了倒角优化。选取了合适的屏蔽罩尺寸,改善了开关内部电场的分布,提高了开关的绝缘性能。针对设计的开关,设计了触发系统,该系统可以稳定输出50 k V的脉冲电压和3 k A的触发电流,保证可靠触发开关。设计的样机通过了峰值80 k A,脉宽15 ms的短路电流试验,工作寿命20次,触发时延<15μs;短路电流试验前后进行了工频耐压试验和雷电冲击试验,试验结果表明开关具有较高的绝缘水平。
文摘触发真空开关的电寿命是制约其发展的瓶颈,基于激光触发和快速操动机构的开关可解决此问题。当其工作电流过大时,快速操动机构动作联动激光触发间隙电极闭合。因为主电极和靶电极的烧蚀和相应的材料损耗是造成电寿命较短的主要原因,因此快速操动机构的应用所带来的开关寿命的增加是显著的。设计了基于激光触发和快速操动机构的开关,对其进行了静电场仿真,以优化参数。对开关进行了基本特性实验,当工作电压为250 k V,激光能量为2 m J时,开关延时为60 ns,抖动为5 ns。通过实验发现,随着激光能量和开关工作电压的升高,开关导通延时和抖动显著减少。该开关可应用在对寿命要求较高的脉冲功率系统中。
