Doped graphite GBST1308, mechanically jointed to CuCrZr alloys, will be applied on EAST superconducting as plasma facing material （PFM）. Two joint structures called joint-1 and joint-2 were evaluated by means of the...Doped graphite GBST1308, mechanically jointed to CuCrZr alloys, will be applied on EAST superconducting as plasma facing material （PFM）. Two joint structures called joint-1 and joint-2 were evaluated by means of thermal response tests using electron beam facility. The experimental results showed that the temperature differences of two joints were not significant, and the maximum surface temperature was about 1055℃ at a load of 4 MW/m^2, which had a good agreement with the simulated results by ANSYS code. The results indicated that the doped graphite GBST1308/CuCrZr mock-up can withstand heat flux deposition of 4 MW/m^2 except at the screw-fastened region, and joint-2 could be more suitable to higher heat flux region such as divertor target. But under the higher heat flux, both joints are unacceptable, an advanced PFM and its integration with the heat sink have to be developed, for example, vacuum plasma spraying tungsten coatings on the CuCrZr might be a good choice.展开更多
为了研究常压浸渍和脉冲真空浸渍调味技术对麻辣凤尾虾风味特性与风味成分的影响,采用HPLC、原子吸收分光光度法、GC-MS等分析麻辣凤尾虾的羟基-α-山椒素、辣椒素、无机盐离子、呈味核苷酸、游离氨基酸及挥发性风味成分,采用偏最小二...为了研究常压浸渍和脉冲真空浸渍调味技术对麻辣凤尾虾风味特性与风味成分的影响,采用HPLC、原子吸收分光光度法、GC-MS等分析麻辣凤尾虾的羟基-α-山椒素、辣椒素、无机盐离子、呈味核苷酸、游离氨基酸及挥发性风味成分,采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)对其感官特性与主要风味成分进行相关性分析。结果表明,脉冲真空浸渍麻辣凤尾虾的羟基-α-山椒素含量(146.59μg/mg)显著高于常压浸渍的麻辣凤尾虾的含量(129.29μg/mg)(P<0.05),但常压浸渍的凤尾虾中呈味核苷酸与鲜味氨基酸的鲜味叠加效应更好;GC-MS分析显示,麻辣凤尾虾中共检出72种挥发性化合物,其中含16种香气活性化合物。与常压浸渍处理相比,脉冲真空浸渍处理的挥发性成分和香气活性化合物种类更丰富。常压浸渍调味组有4种(芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯、草蒿脑、月桂烯),脉冲真空浸渍组有7种(芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯、草蒿脑、乙酸芳樟酯、2-酰基-噻唑、β-月桂烯、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯)。感官特性与主要风味成分PLSR相关分析结果与其风味成分含量一致,脉冲真空浸渍调味组花椒味、辣椒味与香气活性化合物相关性较好,常压浸渍调味组鲜味、甜味与Glu、Ala、IMP相关性较好。研究结果为脉冲真空浸渍技术在水产预制食品品调味上的应用提供了理论基础。展开更多
Numerical simulation approaches are developed to compute the electromagnetic forces on the EAST vacuum vessel during major disruptions and vertical displacement events, with the halo current also considered. The finit...Numerical simulation approaches are developed to compute the electromagnetic forces on the EAST vacuum vessel during major disruptions and vertical displacement events, with the halo current also considered. The finite element model built with ANSYS includes the vacuum vessel, the plasma facing components and their support structure, and the toroidal and poloidal field coils. The numerical methods are explained to convince of its validity. The eddy current induced by the magnetic flux variation and the conducting current caused by the halo current are also presented for discussion. The electromagnetic forces resulting from the numerical simulation are proven to be useful for structure design optimization. Similar methods can be applied in the upgrades of the EAST device.展开更多
Global warming awareness criticizes further usage of fossil fuels and insists promotion of renewable energy usage. Additionally, many people in rural areas of developing countries cannot access electricity. To solve t...Global warming awareness criticizes further usage of fossil fuels and insists promotion of renewable energy usage. Additionally, many people in rural areas of developing countries cannot access electricity. To solve this sort of energy crisis including global warming, current authors developed a proto-type of a pyrolysis plant equipped with a prevacuum chamber, which can be used to produce combustible gases for an engine generator in rural areas where people cannot access electricity. The plant is simple and easily maintained in consideration of special conditions that a rural area can receive very few maintenance service, technical assistance, and supply of spare parts. However, gas yield obtained by the proto-type of plant was around 20 wt% of feedstock. One way to enhance gas yield from this proto-type of plant is to utilize reaction of secondary tar cracking. This research work aims to examine possibility of gas yield enhancement keeping a simple structure of the proto-type of plant and using a simple technique of secondary tar cracking. Two tar cracking methods are examined: one is homogeneous tar cracking and the other is heterogeneous tar cracking using catalysis. In the homogeneous tar cracking, pyrolysis gases must be heated up to 650oC to 700oC and in the heterogeneous tar cracking, wood char is used as catalysis, because wood char is byproduct of pyrolysis. It is concluded that the homogeneous tar cracking is quite unlikely in the secondary chamber, but on the other hand, heterogeneous tar cracking using wood char can produce 30 wt% of gas yield from 1 kg of feedstock.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10475080)
文摘Doped graphite GBST1308, mechanically jointed to CuCrZr alloys, will be applied on EAST superconducting as plasma facing material （PFM）. Two joint structures called joint-1 and joint-2 were evaluated by means of thermal response tests using electron beam facility. The experimental results showed that the temperature differences of two joints were not significant, and the maximum surface temperature was about 1055℃ at a load of 4 MW/m^2, which had a good agreement with the simulated results by ANSYS code. The results indicated that the doped graphite GBST1308/CuCrZr mock-up can withstand heat flux deposition of 4 MW/m^2 except at the screw-fastened region, and joint-2 could be more suitable to higher heat flux region such as divertor target. But under the higher heat flux, both joints are unacceptable, an advanced PFM and its integration with the heat sink have to be developed, for example, vacuum plasma spraying tungsten coatings on the CuCrZr might be a good choice.
文摘为提高红托竹荪干燥品质并获得最佳干燥工艺,采用真空红外干燥(vacuum infrared drying,VID)、气流冲击干燥(air impingement drying,AID)、控湿干燥(moisture control drying,MCD)等不同干燥方式对红托竹荪进行对比研究,以热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)作为对照组,研究不同干燥方式及温度对红托竹荪干燥品质的影响。试验结果表明不同干燥方式对竹荪宏观品质产生了显著影响,其中MCD可获得最小的色差∆E和收缩率,AID则能够保证较高的复水比;干燥速率方面,MCD在前期能够获得较高的干燥速率,但后期干燥速率会放缓,而AID在整个干燥过程都具有较高的干燥速率,干燥时间较短;在成分保留上,MCD可以保留较高含量的多糖、三萜和黄酮,而采用VID可以有效保护多酚。单位能耗随干燥温度的升高明显降低,不同方式下VID的干燥能耗值整体偏大,MCD的单位能耗最低(18.82 kW·h/kg)。通过主成分分析法,上述干燥方式对红托竹荪综合评分后得到的结果排序为:MCD>AID>VID>HAD,MCD干燥方式中采用60℃相对湿度为40%,保湿时间15min的干燥工艺综合品质较佳,在此加工方式下的红托竹荪综合评分为2.94,该研究可为红托竹荪高品质干燥提供一定参考。
文摘为了研究常压浸渍和脉冲真空浸渍调味技术对麻辣凤尾虾风味特性与风味成分的影响,采用HPLC、原子吸收分光光度法、GC-MS等分析麻辣凤尾虾的羟基-α-山椒素、辣椒素、无机盐离子、呈味核苷酸、游离氨基酸及挥发性风味成分,采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)对其感官特性与主要风味成分进行相关性分析。结果表明,脉冲真空浸渍麻辣凤尾虾的羟基-α-山椒素含量(146.59μg/mg)显著高于常压浸渍的麻辣凤尾虾的含量(129.29μg/mg)(P<0.05),但常压浸渍的凤尾虾中呈味核苷酸与鲜味氨基酸的鲜味叠加效应更好;GC-MS分析显示,麻辣凤尾虾中共检出72种挥发性化合物,其中含16种香气活性化合物。与常压浸渍处理相比,脉冲真空浸渍处理的挥发性成分和香气活性化合物种类更丰富。常压浸渍调味组有4种(芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯、草蒿脑、月桂烯),脉冲真空浸渍组有7种(芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯、草蒿脑、乙酸芳樟酯、2-酰基-噻唑、β-月桂烯、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯)。感官特性与主要风味成分PLSR相关分析结果与其风味成分含量一致,脉冲真空浸渍调味组花椒味、辣椒味与香气活性化合物相关性较好,常压浸渍调味组鲜味、甜味与Glu、Ala、IMP相关性较好。研究结果为脉冲真空浸渍技术在水产预制食品品调味上的应用提供了理论基础。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11202207) Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,CAS Innovation Foundation(Y15FZ10133)
文摘Numerical simulation approaches are developed to compute the electromagnetic forces on the EAST vacuum vessel during major disruptions and vertical displacement events, with the halo current also considered. The finite element model built with ANSYS includes the vacuum vessel, the plasma facing components and their support structure, and the toroidal and poloidal field coils. The numerical methods are explained to convince of its validity. The eddy current induced by the magnetic flux variation and the conducting current caused by the halo current are also presented for discussion. The electromagnetic forces resulting from the numerical simulation are proven to be useful for structure design optimization. Similar methods can be applied in the upgrades of the EAST device.
文摘Global warming awareness criticizes further usage of fossil fuels and insists promotion of renewable energy usage. Additionally, many people in rural areas of developing countries cannot access electricity. To solve this sort of energy crisis including global warming, current authors developed a proto-type of a pyrolysis plant equipped with a prevacuum chamber, which can be used to produce combustible gases for an engine generator in rural areas where people cannot access electricity. The plant is simple and easily maintained in consideration of special conditions that a rural area can receive very few maintenance service, technical assistance, and supply of spare parts. However, gas yield obtained by the proto-type of plant was around 20 wt% of feedstock. One way to enhance gas yield from this proto-type of plant is to utilize reaction of secondary tar cracking. This research work aims to examine possibility of gas yield enhancement keeping a simple structure of the proto-type of plant and using a simple technique of secondary tar cracking. Two tar cracking methods are examined: one is homogeneous tar cracking and the other is heterogeneous tar cracking using catalysis. In the homogeneous tar cracking, pyrolysis gases must be heated up to 650oC to 700oC and in the heterogeneous tar cracking, wood char is used as catalysis, because wood char is byproduct of pyrolysis. It is concluded that the homogeneous tar cracking is quite unlikely in the secondary chamber, but on the other hand, heterogeneous tar cracking using wood char can produce 30 wt% of gas yield from 1 kg of feedstock.
