An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide （PAM） in aqueo...An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide （PAM） in aqueous solution. Effects of operating parameters, including initial PAM concentration, dosages of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of PAM, have been studied. There was an increase in photochemical oxidation rate of PAM with increasing of dosages of 03, H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation. Upon increasing of the initial PAM concentration, the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM decreased. Slight effect of pH value on the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM was observed in the experiments. The kinetics equation for the photochemical oxidation of PAM by the system has been established.展开更多
Recently,a photochemical process induced by ultraviolet(UV),vacuum UV(VUV),and iodide(I–)has gained attention for its robust potential for contaminant degradation.However,the mechanisms behind this process remain unc...Recently,a photochemical process induced by ultraviolet(UV),vacuum UV(VUV),and iodide(I–)has gained attention for its robust potential for contaminant degradation.However,the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear because both oxidizing and reducing reactants are likely generated.To better understand this process,this study examined the evolutions of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and iodine species(i.e.,iodide,iodate,and triiodide)during the UV/VUV/I–process under varying pH and dissolved oxygen(DO)conditions.Results show that increasing DO in water enhanced H2O2 and iodate production,suggesting that high DO favors the formation of oxidizing species.In contrast,increasing pH(from 6.0 to 11.0)resulted in lower H_(2)O_(2) and iodate formation,indicating that there was a decrease of oxidative capacity for the UV/VUV/I–process.In addition,difluoroacetic acid(DFAA)was used as an exemplar contaminant to verify above observations.Although its degradation kinetics did not follow a constant trend as pH increases,the relative importance of mineralization appeared declining,suggesting that there was a redox transition from an oxidizing environment to a reducing environment as pH rises.The treatability of the UV/VUV/I–process was stronger than UV/VUV under pH of 11.0,while UV/VUV process presented a better performance at pH lower than 11.0.展开更多
Antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB)with antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)can reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics and thus threaten human health.The United Nations Environment Programme considers antibi...Antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB)with antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)can reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics and thus threaten human health.The United Nations Environment Programme considers antibiotic resistance the first of six emerging issues of concern.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)that combine ultraviolet(UV)irradiation and chemical oxidation(primarily chlorine,hydrogen peroxide,and persulfate)have attracted increasing interest as advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies.These integrated technologies have been reported to significantly elevate the efficiencies of ARB inactivation and ARG degradation compared with direct UV irradiation or chemical oxidation alone due to the generation of multiple reactive species.In this study,the performance and underlying mechanisms of UV/chlorine,UV/hydrogen peroxide,and UV/persulfate processes for controlling ARB and ARGs were reviewed based on recent studies.Factors affecting the process-specific efficiency in controlling ARB and ARGs were discussed,including biotic factors,oxidant dose,UV fluence,pH,and water matrix properties.In addition,the cost-effectiveness of the UV-based AOPs was evaluated using the concept of electrical energy per order.The UV/chlorine process exhibited a higher efficiency with lower energy consumption than other UV-based AOPs in the wastewater matrix,indicating its potential for ARB inactivation and ARG degradation in wastewater treatment.Further studies are required to address the trade-off between toxic byproduct formation and the energy efficiency of the UV/chlorine process in real wastewater to facilitate its optimization and application in the control of ARB and ARGs.展开更多
Constructing efficient carbon material with enhanced mass transfer ability from vacuum residuum(VR)is of prime industrial and scientific significance.Herein,we demonstrated a one-pot synthesis of metal-free and highly...Constructing efficient carbon material with enhanced mass transfer ability from vacuum residuum(VR)is of prime industrial and scientific significance.Herein,we demonstrated a one-pot synthesis of metal-free and highly symmetric hollow carbon cubes(HCCs)using cost-efficient vacuum residuum(VR)as a C/N/S source.By multi-techniques such as TEM,SEM,Raman,XPS,and XRD,it is found that the CTAB surfactant plays an important role in emulsifying and forming oil-in-water suspension particles.Subsequently,high aromatics contents in VR favor the formation of HCCs shell by graphitization on the surface of Na Cl template.Notably,heavy metals(e.g.,V,Ni)are not enriched in carbon skeleton due to the unique graphitization mechanism.This metal-free HCCs catalyst showed good catalytic stability and high selectivity towards direct and local electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))through two-electron O_(2)reduction due to enhanced mass transfer ability.The results provide a novel avenue to synthesize metal-free cubic carbon material from low-cost and plentiful VR,which are essential to the design of more efficient catalysts for O_(2)reduction to H_(2)O_(2).展开更多
文摘An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide （PAM） in aqueous solution. Effects of operating parameters, including initial PAM concentration, dosages of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of PAM, have been studied. There was an increase in photochemical oxidation rate of PAM with increasing of dosages of 03, H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation. Upon increasing of the initial PAM concentration, the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM decreased. Slight effect of pH value on the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM was observed in the experiments. The kinetics equation for the photochemical oxidation of PAM by the system has been established.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51978194)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(No.JCYJ20180306171820685)。
文摘Recently,a photochemical process induced by ultraviolet(UV),vacuum UV(VUV),and iodide(I–)has gained attention for its robust potential for contaminant degradation.However,the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear because both oxidizing and reducing reactants are likely generated.To better understand this process,this study examined the evolutions of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and iodine species(i.e.,iodide,iodate,and triiodide)during the UV/VUV/I–process under varying pH and dissolved oxygen(DO)conditions.Results show that increasing DO in water enhanced H2O2 and iodate production,suggesting that high DO favors the formation of oxidizing species.In contrast,increasing pH(from 6.0 to 11.0)resulted in lower H_(2)O_(2) and iodate formation,indicating that there was a decrease of oxidative capacity for the UV/VUV/I–process.In addition,difluoroacetic acid(DFAA)was used as an exemplar contaminant to verify above observations.Although its degradation kinetics did not follow a constant trend as pH increases,the relative importance of mineralization appeared declining,suggesting that there was a redox transition from an oxidizing environment to a reducing environment as pH rises.The treatability of the UV/VUV/I–process was stronger than UV/VUV under pH of 11.0,while UV/VUV process presented a better performance at pH lower than 11.0.
基金supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR,China(T21-705/20-N and 16210221).
文摘Antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB)with antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)can reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics and thus threaten human health.The United Nations Environment Programme considers antibiotic resistance the first of six emerging issues of concern.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)that combine ultraviolet(UV)irradiation and chemical oxidation(primarily chlorine,hydrogen peroxide,and persulfate)have attracted increasing interest as advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies.These integrated technologies have been reported to significantly elevate the efficiencies of ARB inactivation and ARG degradation compared with direct UV irradiation or chemical oxidation alone due to the generation of multiple reactive species.In this study,the performance and underlying mechanisms of UV/chlorine,UV/hydrogen peroxide,and UV/persulfate processes for controlling ARB and ARGs were reviewed based on recent studies.Factors affecting the process-specific efficiency in controlling ARB and ARGs were discussed,including biotic factors,oxidant dose,UV fluence,pH,and water matrix properties.In addition,the cost-effectiveness of the UV-based AOPs was evaluated using the concept of electrical energy per order.The UV/chlorine process exhibited a higher efficiency with lower energy consumption than other UV-based AOPs in the wastewater matrix,indicating its potential for ARB inactivation and ARG degradation in wastewater treatment.Further studies are required to address the trade-off between toxic byproduct formation and the energy efficiency of the UV/chlorine process in real wastewater to facilitate its optimization and application in the control of ARB and ARGs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21978325)。
文摘Constructing efficient carbon material with enhanced mass transfer ability from vacuum residuum(VR)is of prime industrial and scientific significance.Herein,we demonstrated a one-pot synthesis of metal-free and highly symmetric hollow carbon cubes(HCCs)using cost-efficient vacuum residuum(VR)as a C/N/S source.By multi-techniques such as TEM,SEM,Raman,XPS,and XRD,it is found that the CTAB surfactant plays an important role in emulsifying and forming oil-in-water suspension particles.Subsequently,high aromatics contents in VR favor the formation of HCCs shell by graphitization on the surface of Na Cl template.Notably,heavy metals(e.g.,V,Ni)are not enriched in carbon skeleton due to the unique graphitization mechanism.This metal-free HCCs catalyst showed good catalytic stability and high selectivity towards direct and local electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))through two-electron O_(2)reduction due to enhanced mass transfer ability.The results provide a novel avenue to synthesize metal-free cubic carbon material from low-cost and plentiful VR,which are essential to the design of more efficient catalysts for O_(2)reduction to H_(2)O_(2).
