Separation and Determination of Sulfur with Different Valance in Polysulfide Mixture

A new process of separating sulfur with different valance from polysulfide mixtures was developed. Sulfide, sulfite and sulfur were separated by adding acetic acid in one step. The polysulfide mixture, sulfite solution and sulfur were oxidized to sulfate by hydrogen peroxide. The products were measured by X ray Fluorescence Spectrometer(XRF) using filter method preparative specimen. The measurement needs only one set of standard sample.The effects of temperature and pH values on the separation were discussed. The results show that the recoveries range from 98.0% to 101.3% of sulfidic sulfur S( II), 97.0% to 103.0% for sulfite S(IV) and 98.4% to 100.4% for polysulfidic sulfur S(0).

Valence band structure and density of states effective mass model of biaxial tensile strained silicon based on k·p theory

After constructing a stress and strain model, the valence bands of in-plane biaxial tensile strained Si is calculated by k·p method. In the paper we calculate the accurate anisotropy valance bands and the splitting energy between light and heavy hole bands. The results show that the valance bands are highly distorted, and the anisotropy is more obvious. To obtain the density of states （DOS） effective mass, which is a very important parameter for device modeling, a DOS effective mass model of biaxial tensile strained Si is constructed based on the valance band calculation. This model can be directly used in the device model of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOSFET）. It also a provides valuable reference for biaxial tensile strained silicon MOSFET design.

Method of Construction of Material That Work on All the Range of Wavelengths or Frequency or Energy of Photon

The main objective of this research work is to decrease work function of any given element or compound or material. To decrease the work function of the given material we have to decrease the bandwidth between conduct band and valance band. Because according to definition of work function, the amount of energy that required the remove the electron from valance band of an atom and it is also called ionization energy. These all energies depend upon the band width that is greater than the band width greater energy required to remove the electron from the surface, and less than the band width and lesser amount of energy required to remove the electron from of materials. In this work we are trying to give an theoretical model or relation, how to decrease the work function of a material by applying external pressure on atoms and doping of the material that has screening or shielding effects. With the help of this model we can increase the efficiency of material used in solar cell that is cell work for all range of frequencies and by construction material bases on this we can increase the efficiency of solar cell or any type of material working solar cell principle.

Valence-tailored copper-based nanoparticles for enhanced chemodynamic therapy through prolonged ROS generation and potentiated GSH depletion

Chemodynamic therapy(CDT),an inventive approach to cancer treatment,exploits innate chemical processes to trigger cell death through the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).While offering advantages over conventional treatments,the optimization of CDT efficacy presents challenges stemming from suboptimal catalytic efficiency and the counteractive ROS scavenging effect of intracellular glutathione(GSH).In this study,we aim to address this dual challenge by delving into the role of copper valence states in CDT.Leveraging the unique attributes of copper-based nanoparticles,especially zero-valent copper nanoparticles(CuPd NPs),we aim to enhance the therapeutic potential of CDT.Our experiments reveal that zero-valent CuPd NPs outperform divalent copper nanoparticles(Ox-CuPd NPs)by displaying superior catalytic performance and sustaining ROS generation through a dual approach integrating peroxidase-like(POD-like)activity and Cu+release.Notably,zero-valent NPs exhibit enhanced GSH depletion compared to their divalent counterparts,thereby intensifying CDT and inducing ferroptosis,ultimately resulting in high-efficiency tumor growth inhibition.These findings reveal the impact of valences on CDT,providing novel insights for the optimization and design of CDT agents.

Synergizing high valence metal sites and amorphous/crystalline interfaces in electrochemical reconstructed CoFeOOH heterostructure enables efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Cobalt hydroxide nanosheet is among the most popular oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalyst yet still suffers from sluggish catalytic kinetics,limited activity,and poor stability.Here,an efficient in situ electrochemical reconstructed CoFe-hydroxides derived OER electrocatalyst was reported.The introduction of Fe promoted the transformation of Co^(2+)into Co^(3+)in CoFehydroxides nanosheet,along with the formation of abundant amorphous/crystalline interfaces.Thanks for the retained nanosheet microstructure,high valence Co^(3+)and Fe^(3+)species,and the amorphous/crystalline heterostructure interfaces,the as-designed electrochemical reconstructed CoFeOOH nanosheet/Ni foam(CoFeOOHNS/NF)electrode delivers 100 mA·cm^(−2) in alkaline at an overpotential of 275 mV and can stably electrocatalyze water oxidation for at least 35 h at 100 mA·cm^(−2).Meanwhile,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer achieves a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.522 V for CoFeOOHNS/NF‖Pt/C/NF,which is much lower than that of Ru/C/NF‖Pt/C/NF(1.655 V@10 mA·cm^(−2)).This work paves the way for in-situ synergetic modification engineering of electrochemical active components.