GOAL问卷和Epworth嗜睡量表联合筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的效能

目的检验GOAL问卷和Epworth嗜睡量表(Epworth sleeping scale,ESS)在筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)中联合应用的效能。方法从睡眠医学中心招募2958例参与者,完成夜间多导睡眠图监测和筛查问卷,包括GOAL、ESS、STOP-Bang问卷(SBQ)和NoSAS评分。评估每个量表的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断优势比(diagnostic odds ratio,DOR)和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。结果GOAL问卷在筛选OSA方面具有更高的敏感度和DOR(敏感度为0.831,DOR为3.72),优于STOP-Bang问卷和NoSAS评分。当GOAL问卷和ESS量表相结合时,特异度和DOR分别显著上升至0.894和4.22。GOAL问卷得分为3且ESS量表≥11分的参与者极有可能患有OSA,概率为0.96。结论GOAL问卷和ESS量表相结合具有优秀的诊断能力,可有效筛查OSA。对疑似OSA患者进行GOAL问卷后的第二阶段进行ESS量表筛查,可以提高预测准确性和早期诊断。

State of the HIV, Hepatitis B and C Virus Pandemic from 2003 to 2022 in Burkina Faso: Evolution of Prevalence Trends and Strategic Recommendations to Achieve the WHO’s Goal for Their Eradication by 2030

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal to eradicate or at least significantly reduce the prevalence the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) by 2030. The main objective was to provide an evolving overview of the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection between 2003 and 2022 in Burkina Faso. Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from 2003 to 2022. The data were collected using information available in the databases of the HOSCO and CERBA laboratories and included all individuals who underwent HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV testing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0, EpiInfo 7, and R version 4.1.0. Results were considered statistically significant if p Results: The study recorded 7432 samples and the mean age of the subjects was 27.98 ± 8.50 years. During this period, the respective prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV were 4.66% (346/7432), 8.77% (582/6636) and 5.54% (322/5816). However, from 2003 to 2022, there was a significant decrease (P y=−1.75x+12.59;y=−0.24x+10.01and y=−0.11x+6.02, with “y” corresponding to prevalence and “x” to the years. Conclusion: Burkina Faso needs to rigorously apply prevention and control strategies recommended by the WHO by 2030.

Megacity pathways in China under the dual carbon goal:The case of Shanghai

The pathways to achieving carbon neutrality at the city level are diverse due to varying energy supply and demand conditions.Shanghai faces obstacles such as limited land resources,high costs of renewable energy technologies,and instability of renewable energy.These challenges hinder the city’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon).Therefore,Shanghai must identify and optimize its development path for renewable energy under the dual carbon goal.We employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform Shanghai(LEAP-SH)model to simulate the impact of policies,such as industrial upgrading,energy efficiency improvement,energy structure optimization,increased technical innovation on energy,and ecological restoration,on the carbon emission pathways from 2022 to 2060 using five different scenarios.Our results indicate that Shanghai has the potential to achieve carbon neutrality in 2059 by promoting carbon reduction,pollution control,and green expansion.Moreover,we determined that the manufacturing industry;power generation industry;and transportation,storage,and mail services are the three major sectors for emission reduction under the dual carbon goal.Furthermore,the capacity and output of coal-fired power plants will be gradually replaced by offshore wind power in the dual carbon pathway.Finally,this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for Shanghai to attain the dual carbon goal and high-quality development.

The Importance of Setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.In this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in SHGs.The survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey form.The results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test results.Memberships in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and 5.This study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ventures.Moreover,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural women.Finally,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

Spatial differences of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among counties(cities)on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains

The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty alleviation.Its Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the region.This study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’SDGs.The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county(city)level on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.The results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.Notable high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions,whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western areas.The scores of SDGs,in descending order,are as follows:62.22 for Minfeng County,54.22 for Hotan City,50.21 for Qiemo County,42.54 for Moyu County,41.56 for Ruoqiang County,41.39 for Qira County,39.86 for Lop County,38.25 for Yutian County,38.10 for Pishan County,and 36.87 for Hotan County.The performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City,Lop County,Minfeng County,and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green color.However,Hotan County,Moyu County,Qira County,and Yutian County show the poorest performance,as they lack SDGs with green color.It is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries,sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance,and the gradual improvement of social security system.These measures will facilitate the effective implementation of SDGs.Finally,this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments in their decision-making processes.In addition,these results hold significant reference value for assessing SDGs at the county(city)level,particularly in areas characterized by low levels of economic development.

Strategies for Cultivating Public Funded Targeted Normal Students Based on Goal Management Theory : A Case Study of East, West and North Guangdong

Public funded targeted normal students are an important component of China's teacher team construction.Since its implementation in 2007,a large number of outstanding rural teachers who have been striving on the front line of education have been trained.Based on the theory of goal management,this paper explores the problems and countermeasures in the training of public funded targeted normal students.It strives to solve the problems of low willingness to teach and high default rates among public funded normal students,and hopes that the suggestions proposed in this paper can further promote the effective implementation of policies for public funded normal students.

Life Needs More Goals,and Fewer Complaints

In my opinion,we should have more goals in our lives and have fewer complaints.As is known to all,goals make us go further and prevent us from being lazy.When we have goals,we are encouraged to work hard to achieve them.But if we lose our goals,we may feel uncertain and insecure.For a student,goals do play an essential role in study.I once set a goal to play better in basketball games,and I tried my best to train myself without any fear and hesitation.It was the goal that helped me accomplish my ambition.

预算绩效指标体系的全面审视与改革思路:一个整体性分析框架

指标体系在绩效评价中处于核心位置,优化预算绩效指标体系是全面深化预算绩效管理改革的重要基础和关键路径。预算绩效指标承担价值判断和管理导向职能,存在实质上呈现绩效目标的科学性、形式上呈现绩效指标的可衡量性和功能上呈现结果的有效性的三重特性。基于预算绩效指标体系的基本特性,构建“价值导向-规范控制-激励发展”三重功能分析框架,引入指标固恋理论,对地方政府预算绩效指标测量实践进行分析。研究发现,绩效指标科学性、准确性和有效性不足导致难以充分发挥价值引导、规范控制和激励发展功能,严重影响预算绩效管理效能。绩效目标结构不完整和价值缺失限制了绩效指标的科学性,导致绩效目标价值引导功能不足;绩效目标指标之间关联模糊和指标结构失衡削弱了绩效指标的可测量性和准确性,无法充分发挥规范控制功能,造成绩效测量过程失范和测量结果偏差;受限于评价主体专业性和评估方法程序规范性,难以形成以目标为牵引、以结果为导向的绩效改进方案,阻碍激励发展功能的充分发挥。深层原因在于量化诉求不断高涨,忽视了并非所有目标都能够测量的客观事实,过度追求指标测量使其陷入指标固恋困境,造成公共价值损失、目标偏离和数字形式主义,消解了绩效指标功能。需要在价值融入、过程控制和激励改进层面实施预算绩效指标改革,为全面深化预算绩效管理改革破除指标固恋障碍。

LASG全球海洋-大气-陆面系统模式(GOALS/LASG)及其模拟研究

该文扼要介绍了ＬＡＳＧ第一版本全球海洋－大气－陆面系统模式（ＧＯＡＬＳ／ＬＡＳＧ）的发展和结构，及其对气候平均态、季节变化和年际变化的模拟，以及近期发展计划．

GOALS模式对热带太平洋ENSO年际变化特征的模拟评估

文中重点分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG最新发展的全球大气环流谱模式 (R4 2L9)与一全球海洋环流模式 (T6 3L30 )耦合形成的全球海洋 大气 陆面气候系统模式 (GOALS/LASG)新版本已积分 30a的模拟结果 ,通过与多种观测资料的对比分析 ,讨论了赤道太平洋海表温度 (SST)的年际变化及其纬向传播、赤道东太平洋SST异常与其他洋面SST变化之间的遥相关关系、赤道太平洋浅表层海温的年际变化特征等研究内容。结果表明 ,GOALS模式模拟出了赤道太平洋SST异常出现不规则的年际变化特点 ;赤道东太平洋SST异常的向西传播过程 ;赤道太平洋混合层海温变化由西向东、由深层向浅层的传播过程 ;同时也模拟出了赤道东太平洋SST变化与赤道西太平洋以及与西南太平洋海温之间的反相关关系 ,与南印度洋和副热带大西洋SST之间的正遥相关关系等实际观测现象。但GOALS模式也存在明显的不足 ,如对赤道东、中太平洋SST异常的年际变化幅度明显偏小 ,没能模拟出赤道东太平洋的SST变化比赤道中太平洋强的特点 ;赤道太平洋SST从东向西的传播速度明显比实际观测慢得多 ,但混合层海温极值变化由西向东的传播速度明显比实际情况快得多 ;没能模拟出赤道东太平洋SST变化同西北太平洋SST的负相关和北印度洋海温变化的正相关现象 ,因此?

FLEXIBLE JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING WITH FUZZY GOAL THROUGH IOCDGA

The fuzzy goal flexible job-shop scheduling problem （FGFJSP） is the extension of FJSP. Compared with the convention JSP, it can solve the fuzzy goal problem and meet suit requirements of the key job. The multi-object problem, such as the fuzzy cost, the fuzzy due-date, and the fuzzy makespan, etc, can be solved by FGFJSP. To optimize FGFJSP, an individual optimization and colony diversity genetic algorithm （IOCDGA） is presented to accelerate the convergence speed and to avoid the earliness. In IOCDGA, the colony average distance and the colony entropy are defined after the definition of the encoding model. The colony diversity is expressed by the colony average distance and the colony entropy. The crossover probability and the mutation probability are controlled by the colony diversity. The evolution emphasizes that sigle individual or a few individuals evolve into the best in IOCDGA, but not the all in classical GA. Computational results show that the algorithm is applicable and the number of iterations is less.

Goal在Agent中的使用研究综述

Agent系统是综合哲学和计算机科学等多门学科的交叉研究领域。心智模型是Agent研究中的核心问题,在各种心智模型中,最成功的是BDI模型,而Goal的引入为BDI心智模型的研究提供了新的思路。根据Goal在Agent中的特点,阐述了Goal在Agent模型中的引入、分类、语义、协商等主题,旨在总结和分析现有的Agent中Goal的使用和机制,为BDI Agent心智模型的研究和对Goal研究的发展趋势和方向提供参考。

制造业工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程与验证——基于自组织目标理论的扎根研究

文章结合自组织目标理论,以制造业工匠型人才为研究对象,通过扎根理论挖掘和分析工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程。结果表明,工匠型人才的创新绩效产生于心理目标系统建构和实现的循环过程,由“心理目标触发—心理目标建构—行动过程—行动结果”构成,心流状态贯穿其中;工匠型人才的创新绩效体现在国家、组织和个体三个层面上,三个层面互为基础、不可分割;创新绩效经由结果反馈再一次作用于心理目标触发,产生新的心理目标,从而进入下一轮循环。在此基础上,通过词频分析进一步验证结论。

基于“四位一体”目标下高校体育教学改革与创新实践研究——以湖北科技学院为例

学校体育是实现立德树人根本任务、提升学生综合素质的基础性工程。习近平总书记就学校体育改革发展做出了一系列指示和批示,并亲自主持相关会议,提出了新理念新思想新观点,为学校体育改革提供了根本遵循和行动指南。新时代高校体育教学改革要围绕习近平总书记提出的“享受乐趣、增强体质、健全人格、锤炼意志”四位一体总目标,以“教会、勤练、常赛”为抓手,实施多元协同育人,全面培养学生的综合素质。以湖北科技学院为例,通过“教、练、赛、用”教学改革,强化运动技能学习和习惯养成,将课程思政融入体育教学实践,突出“以体育人”,对提高学生教育教学实践能力,落实高校体育“立德树人”根本任务等具有重要意义。

The Application of Goal-Setting Theory in the Second Classroom Teaching Activities of College English

Interest is the precondition and motivation for people's accomplishment.However,due to the exam-oriented system,millions of parents and teachers neglect the interests of children,and our children nearly forget their interests or hobbies.Based on different interests of children,the thesis analyzes how to apply the goal-setting theory in the second classroom teaching activities of College English,using the example of Lushan College of Guangxi University of Technology.

The North Atlantic Oscillation Simulated by Versions 2 and 4 of IAP/ LASG GOALS Model

The capabilities of two versions of the Global–Ocean–Atmosphere–Land–System model (i.e. GOALS–2 and GOALS–4) developed at State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), are validated in terms of the simulations of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is currently the subject of considerable scientific interest. The results show that both GOALS–2 and GOALS–4 exhibit a realistic NAO signal associated with relatively reasonable spatial patterns of sea level pressure, surface air temperature, and precipitation. Generally speaking, the associated patterns of precipitation in GOALSs match better with the observation in comparison with the case of surface temperature. For the imprint of NAO on the ocean, or perhaps a coupling between the two fluids, the associated tripole patterns of the North Atlantic SST anomaly are presented distinctly in GOALS–2, for GOALS-4 however, this is not the case. Spatially, the models’ main deficiencies appear to be that the simulated Icelandic lows shift northward apparently, which in turn result in the blemish of GOALSs in reproducing the accompanied surface wind anomalies. For the interannual and even longer time scale variations of DJF sea level pressure (SLP) over the North Atlantic region, GOALSs reproduce the center with the strongest variability rationally, but the intensities are far weaker than the observation. Key words North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - Model evaluation - GOALS model This study was jointly supported by the National key Project (Grant No. 96-908-02-03), the Excel-lent National Key Laboratory Research Project (Grant NO. 49823002), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) under grant “ Bai Ren Ji Hua” for “ Validation of Coupled Climate Models”, and IAP innova-tion fund (No.8-1204).The authors gratefully acknowledge Dv. Jin Xuingze, Mr. Liu Xiying in IAP /LASG, and Dr. Gong Daoyi in Geophysical Department of Peking University for providing ardent help.

The Performance of Atmospheric Component Model R42L9 of GOALS/LASG

This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integration of the R42L9 model are analyzed. Results show that the model reproduces well the observed basic patterns, particularly precipitation over the East Asian region. Comparing the new model with R15L9/LASG, the old version with coarse resolution (nearly 7.5°long×4.5°lat), shows an obvious improvement in the simulation of regional climate, especially precipitation. The weaknesses in simulation and future improvements of the model are also discussed.

可持续发展目标(SDGs)导向下上海城市ESG发展的特征与挑战

文章结合联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)的政策要求,分析城市ESG理念的来源及国际经验,总结上海在中国城市ESG评估排名中的领先地位,从而说明上海城市ESG实践对中国城市ESG实践具有充分的价值和贡献。文章继而聚焦上海城市ESG的发展现状,提炼了从市级到区级两个层面全面、深入、前瞻三个实践特点,分析上海城市ESG和企业ESG之间的互相促进作用,最后提出上海城市ESG实践未来面临的挑战和展望,帮助城市实现更加可持续、公正和包容的发展。

Contemplation on China’s Energy-Development Strategies and Initiatives in the Context of Its Carbon Neutrality Goal

1.Introduction Climate change has become a global nontraditional security challenge,and achieving carbon neutrality is the global trend of the era that will determine the future of humanity[1-5].So far,more than 137 countries have set goals or pledged to achieve carbon neutrality.In September 2020,China committed itself to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060,in what are known as China’s“dual carbon goals”[6].