Estimating the value of a statistical life in China: A contingent valuation study in six representative cities

The value of a statistical life(VSL)is a crucial tool for monetizing health impacts.To explore the VSL in China,this study examines people’s willingness to pay(WTP)to reduce death risk from air pollution in six representative cities in China based on face-to-face contingent valuation interviews(n=3936)from March 7,2019 to September 30,2019.The results reveal that the WTP varied from CNY 455 to 763 in 2019(USD 66-111),corresponding to a VSL range of CNY 3.79-6.36 million(USD 549395-921940).The VSL in China in 2019 is estimated to be CNY 4.76 million(USD 689659).The statistics indicate that monthly expenditure levels,environmental concerns,risk attitudes,and assumed market acceptance,which have seldom been dis‐cussed in previous studies,significantly impact WTP and VSL.These findings will serve as a reference for ana‐lyzing mortality risk reduction benefits in future research and for policymaking.

Comparative Study on Chinese and Western Life Values in the Context of Epidemic

Life values are people’s understanding and view on life.After the COVID-19 outbreak,China quickly adopted policies such as lockdown to control the epidemic,while the west could not adopt.One of the important reasons is that Chinese and western life values are different.Through the comparative analysis on Chinese and western life values,it is found that Chinese traditional life values emphasize collective consciousness,while the west pays attention to individual value.Chinese traditional life values avoid death,while the west faces death directly.China emphasizes the present world,while the west pays attention to introspection.There are also similarities between Chinese and western life values.They both emphasize the realization of life values,desire to surpass life,and regard physical life as a natural process.The main reasons for their differences are different economic bases,different cultural influences,and different religious ideas.Therefore,the comparative analysis of Chinese and western life values has theoretical and practical value.

Guarding the Pure Land of the Heart—A Comparison of Outlooks on Life in Walden and Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi is the masterpiece of Zhuangzi, and Walden is the masterpiece of Henry David Thoreau. This paper intends to study the similarities of Zhuangzi's and Thoreau's outlooks on life by analyzing Thoreau's origin with Taoism and the absorption from Taoism in Walden. By making a large amount of analysis and comparison of the texts in these two works, the paper comes to such a conclusion: both Thoreau and Zhuangzi advocate to simplify people's material life and to seek voluntary poverty; they are willing to enjoy the solitude and pursue the spiritual independence and freedom; they prefer to return to nature, live harmoniously with nature and therefore reach the realm of"unity of heaven and humanity". They pay more attention to human existence and their spiritual state. In the complicated modern society, people devote themselves to seeking a materially rich life. However, they do not attach enough importance to spiritual richness. As a result, the whole human society is facing a serious spiritual crisis in modern times. Thoreau's and Zhuangzi's outlooks on life can lead people to go through various difficulties of life and guard the pure land of the heart.

Value Appeal of Harmonious Moral Life of Chinese College Students

Based on the theory of human nature and community,this paper analyzes some problems such as the weakening of moral appeal,the loss of moral behavior,the supremacy of physical values and the unclear role orientation faced by some Chinese college students in the course of their moral life so as to cultivate moral feelings and construct moral values,reshape the ethics of behavior,give full play to the main channel of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities,inherit the outstanding Chinese traditional culture as the focal point,and probe into the value demands of college students' harmonious moral life.

Patient Quality-of-Life, Providers with Incentive Payments, Real-World Evidence, and Reducing Healthcare Costs through New Innovations

Background: Value-Based Care is a program that was created by Professor Michael E. PORTER and Elizabeth O. TEISBERG which has been modified for implementation over the last seventeen years. This new program is paid by Commercial Health Insurers (Insurance Companies) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (Medicare). This program incorporates the patients, doctors, Life Sciences Companies, Insurance Companies, Holistic practice, traditional Chinese medicine, etc. with alternative traditional treatments and therapies for Real-World Evidence based and value-based treatment customized to patients’ needs and the patients benefit. Methods: The program was proposed to achieve value for patients and an improved healthcare system which is especially needed to provide treatment for patients in Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases. The program will accurately measure the outcomes of patients and provide a wider choice of treatments that matter to patients, also to measure the cost that successful alternative treatments provide which may lower the cost to Medicare and Insurance Companies. Conclusion: The proposed and now implemented program is to achieve value for patients. Golden Sunrise Nutraceutical (Golden Sunrise) provides a New Medical Innovation and treatment alternative to patients suffering from Serious or Life-threatening illnesses. By using Golden Sunrise Innovation and with the incorporation of Value-based Care patients will become the drivers or it could be said the patient Ambassadors of their own health. By incorporating Golden Sunrise Innovation, the doctors will have more diversity of treatments available for their patients. Payment should reflect value not volume, and the New Medical Innovation Golden Sunrise offers will help in reducing the costs to Insurance Companies accelerating the adoption of Value-Based Care.

On Willa Cather's Sense of Values and Philosophy of Life——After Reading The Sculptors' Funeral

What is success? How is success measured? Willa Cather provides us two sets of values.To some people, success is measured in terms of money. To some success means choosing one’s own life and realizing one’s own values. In the novel The Sculptor’s Funeral Cather portrays an artist, who breaks the bondage of the old environment, and becomes a successful sculptor. However, he is regarded as a failure by his local people because the values by which they judge success are not the same.

Research on the Sphere of Infl uence of the Core Value of Confucianism under the Perspective of Life View and Values

In this paper, we conduct research on the sphere of the infl uence of the core value of basic Confucianism under the perspective of life view and values. Value pluralism, as a kind of general phenomenon, the progress of the social values in the value of awakening diversifi ed value orientation, expanded the value choice and choice of the degrees of the freedom at the same time that caused the phenomenon such as value confl ict, value confl ict as make people in social life has a value lost and confused. Value is to reveal the external relationship between the signifi cance of the objective world to meet the needs of the people that serve as a specifi c attributes of the object to the subject needs. We integrate the Confucianism to introduce our understanding of the core value that will promote further development of the science and society management.

Study on the Value of the Theory of Protection Motivation in the Nursing of Spinal Fracture to the Quality of Life

Objective:To analyze the effect of protection motivation theory on the quality of life of patients with spinal fracture.Methods:From August 2019 to September 2020,72 patients with spinal fracture were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The routine nursing group was the routine nursing group,and the combined nursing with the theory of protective motivation was the dynamic nursing group.Results:The hospitalization time,detumescence time,healing time and muscle strength recovery time of group A were shorter than those of group B(P<0.05).The VAS score and Barthel index score of the dynamic group were better than those of the conventional group(P<0.05);The score of SF-36 in the group A was higher than that in the group B(P<0.05).Conclusions:The application of protection motivation theory in the nursing of patients with spinal fracture can shorten the healing time of fracture,promote the recovery of muscle strength,relieve the pain of fracture,and then improve the ability of daily life and quality of life of patients.

Research on Improving Customer Value by Using QCC in Drugstores Based on Customer Life Cycle

Objective To build a model to improve the customer value of drugstores,so as to enhance their core competitiveness and share the value between drugstores and customers.Methods The quality control circle(QCC)was used to establish the model based on the theory of customer life cycle.According to recency-frequencymonetary(RFM)model,a general value index evaluation system was constructed for customers in different life cycles,and an example was studied.Results and Conclusion The flow model of drugstore customer management system and the method of evaluating the customer value were designed.Taking the activities of the QCC in a drugstore as an example,the deficiencies of pharmaceutical care such as medication consultation,shortage of drug supply and irrational drug display were improved.It also promoted the transformation of customers from a starting period into stable period and improved the comprehensive value of customers,indicating that QCC was effective.Drugstores should carry out the QCC activities with different themes according to the characteristics of customers in different life circles.Meanwhile,suggestions from customers on improving the environment and facilities,service quality and management mechanism of the drugstores should be effectively adopted to promote the transformation of customers from the starting period to the stable period for the realization of the highest value.This will bring economic value to drugstores and achieve the value sharing between drugstores and customers.

Developing people＇s livelihood： construction of life style in visual threshold of Scientific Outlook on Development

随着科学发展观的树立与落实，作为发展民生重要内容之一的生活方式建构已经成为科学发展观的重要课题突出地摆在世人面前。在马克思主义指导下，探讨科学发展观与生活方式建构的辩证关系，指出科学发展观为生活方式建构指明方向，生活方式建构是科学发展观树立与落实的保证。在此基础上，挖掘生活方式建构的科学内涵，在科学发展观的视域中探寻生活方式建构的民生诉求。

Operational mechanism of comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy efficient renovation project based on value-added life

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project cannot be separated from the scientific and effective evaluation mechanism.Based on the value-added life perspective,this paper analyzes the implementation subject,standard,system and principle of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project.It plans the process of comprehensive benefit evaluation,and builds a scientific and reasonable operation platform of evaluation system,with a view to promoting the effective implementation of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy-saving retrofits.

Moments and limiting distribution of a portfolio of whole life annuity policies

A dual random model of a portfolio of variable amount whole life annuity is set with the mth moment of the present value of benefits, and the respective expressions of the moments under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation function is Wiener process or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Furthermore, the limiting distribution of average cost of this portfolio is discussed with the expression of the limiting distribution under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation is an independent increment process.

A Research on Whole Life Insurance

The formulas of premiums and premium reserves of a kind of mixed whole life insurance were obtained by the methods of actuarial science. Then we take a typical policy of whole life insurance in present Chinese market as an example to analyze its expense design and predict its market prospects.

The Terminal Value （TV） Performing in Firm Valuation： The Gap of Literature and Research Agenda

The uncertainty about the future of firms must be modeled and incorporated in the valuation of enterprises outside the explicit period of analysis, i.e., in the continuing or terminal value （TV）. There is a multiplicity of factors that influence the TV of firms which are not being considered within current evaluation models. This aspect leads to the incurring of unrecoverable errors, thus leading to values of goodwill or bad will far away from the substantial value of intrinsic assets. As a consequence, the evaluation results will be presented markedly different from market values. There is no consensus in the scientific community about the method of computation of the TV as a forecast in an infinite horizon. The size of the terminal, or non-explicit period, assumed as infinite, is never called into question by scientific literature, or the probability of business bankruptcy. This paper aims to promote a study of the existing literature on the TV, to highlight the fragility of the evaluation models of companies that have been used by the academic community and by financial analysts, and to point out lines for future research to minimize these errors.

The Penetration of American Value： American Companies＇ Ads in China

In an information age, soft power and smart power coined by Joseph Nye has captured the imagination of academics and politicians around the world. He distinguishes between soft power as a guiding principle and public diplomacy as an executive practice when he combines soft power with Mark Leonard＇s three principal dimensions of public diplomacy： daily communication, strategic communication and building lasting relationship. Nye views American culture values as an element of soft power and he thinks American companies play an important role in boosting the country＇s soft power. Advertisements have long been the main weapon for American companies to attract other countries＇ consumers and advertise American culture values and way of life. By analyzing American movie trailers, car ads and commercials of fast food chains, this essay wants to present how American companies exert their influence in the field of public diplomacy and transform abstract soft power of culture values and way of life into tangible and visible forces.

Research on Brand Perceived Value of Cruise Company Based on Online Comment

With the rapid development of Intemet technology, the traditional way of information transmission has undergone tremendous changes, especially in the lntemet environment. The spread of the online word of mouth as a platform for the Interact highlights its great influence and importance. Especially in the online shopping, these reflect the user＇s point of view and attitude of the online comment has been an unprecedented attention. Online reviews have become an important medium for consumers to understand their products before they buy goods, making them an important channel for potential consumers to understand the quality of goods and services. There are many studies on online reviews, but the research on the brand awareness of cruise ship companies is almost negligible. This paper provides a reference for the construction of cruise ship brand awareness system, and combines Nvivo software to analyze the online commentary system, and provides a reference for further research on cruise brand, and prospects for future research.

On Conflicts Between Values and Reality of Strickland in The Moon And Sixpence

William Somerset Maugham is one of the greatest English novelist and playwright at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.One of his most well-know work is his second novel The Moon And Sixpence.The paper mainly focuses on the analysis of conflicts the Strickland faced between spiritual pursuit and the realistic conditions.Through the analysis of conflicts of the leading characters,the following conclusions have been reached:In the journey to the moon,although Strickland abandoned the rich material life and his decent work,in the end,he still succeeded in realizing his ideal and endowed life with different colors.

The Analysis of Life Value Reflected in Tuesdays with Morrie

This paper aims to explore the life value reflected in Tuesday with Morrie. Through the analysis of the life value in family, life value in work and life value in society, the importance of life value and the life value in different circumstances are vividly revealed. At the same time, this paper also emphasizes the meaning of life and gives some suggestion about how to achieve one's life value. One should understand the meaning of life and work out their life value rather than living an ordinary life.

A Valid Method for the Forecasting Economic Life Circle of Equipment

In this paper, the degrading regularities for quipment reliability and performance are discussed. Based on the isodegrading model, the characteristics of the cost and benefit in the equipment life circle are studied. Using the principle of getting maximum Net Annual Value(NAV), a valid method for forecasting economic life circle is proposed.