Importance Analysis of a Multi-state System Based on Direct Partial Logic Derivatives and Multi-valued Decision Diagrams

Importance analysis quantifies the critical degree of individual component. Compared with the traditional binary state system,importance analysis of the multi-state system is more aligned with the practice. Because the multi-valued decision diagram( MDD) can reflect the relationship between the components and the system state bilaterally, it was introduced into the reliability calculation of the multi-state system( MSS). The building method,simplified criteria,and path search and probability algorithm of MSS structure function MDD were given,and the reliability of the system was calculated. The computing methods of importance based on MDD and direct partial logic derivatives( DPLD) were presented. The diesel engine fuel supply system was taken as an example to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that not only the probability of the system in each state can be easily obtained,but also the influence degree of each component and its state on the system reliability can be obtained,which is conducive to the condition monitoring and structure optimization of the system.

Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method Based on an Improved Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hamacher Weighted Average Operator and Grey Relational Analysis

This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCGDM) method based on the improved single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging (ISNHWA) operator and grey relational analysis (GRA) to overcome the limitations of present methods based on aggregation operators. First, the limitations of several existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators (i.e. , the single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted algebraic averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted Einstein averaging, single-valued neutrosophic Frank weighted averaging, and single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging operators), which can produce some indeterminate terms in the aggregation process, are discussed. Second, an ISNHWA operator was developed to overcome the limitations of existing operators. Third, the properties of the proposed operator, including idempotency, boundedness, monotonicity, and commutativity, were analyzed. Application examples confirmed that the ISNHWA operator and the proposed MCGDM method are rational and effective. The proposed improved ISNHWA operator and MCGDM method can overcome the indeterminate results in some special cases in existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators and MCGDM methods.

Defining laboratory reference values and decision limits＇ populations, intervals, and interpretations

This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results. Reference interval development has classically relied on concepts elaborated by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Expert Panel on Reference Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and classifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided reference intervals. More recently, decision limits based on epidemiological outcome analysis have also been introduced to aid in test interpretation. The reference population must be carefully defined on the basis of the intended clinical use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate reference intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a reference population of men with documented time to pregnancy of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiological assessment of semen testing results, a reference population made up ofunselected healthy men would be preferred. Although reference and decision limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of choice in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in combination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy in a subfertile couple.

Agile Practices: An Assessment of Perception of Value of Professionals on the Quality Criteria in Performance of Projects

Deliver high quality software in accordance with deadlines has become a major challenge for the software industry and more organizations adopt agile practices as a mean to achieve quality in their products. This paper analyzes, through a survey, the perception of software professionals, working in different fronts of the development process, the relationship between the use of agile practices and quality of software products. The result shows agile practices that can contribute to quality in three aspects: bigger involvement of the staff, agile management of the requirements proposed and code developed.

Research Progress on Dimension and Indicators of Comprehensive Value Assessment of Anti-Tumor Drugs

Objective To sort out the dimension and indicators of comprehensive value assessment of anti-tumor drugs abroad,and provide a reference for constructing a similar system in China.Methods The keywords such as anti-tumor drugs,value,assessment,method,and framework were used to search CNKI,WanFang database,VIP database,Embase,PubMed and Web of Science.Results and Conclusion According to the research on the value framework of anti-tumor drugs,6 first-level dimensions and 8 second-level indicators with common characteristics were summarized.In view of China’s national conditions,this study summarizes the available value judgment dimensions of anti-tumor drugs at home and abroad,so as to learn from international experience and their mature methodologies,and provide ideas for constructing a multi-dimensional value system of anti-tumor drugs in China.

An evaluation model of water-saving reconstruction projects based on resource value flows

Due to uncertainties in water supply,there is growing demand for water resource management in enterprises.In this study,we evaluated the effects of companies’water-saving reconstruction projects.We used Hina Advanced Materials Company as a case to construct an investment decision model to(1)calculate the internal and external costs of water resources based on circular economic value analysis theory,and(2)locate the level of water resources circulation.We adopted gray situation decision analysis to identify the typical problems that occur in water resource utilization.Moreover,we demonstrated optimization plans for different potential improvements,thereby providing guidance and references for water resource cost management and the comprehensive optimization of environmental benefits.We concluded that the circulation economic value analysis model can effectively display the flow and amount of value derived from water resource flows,thereby providing guidance and suggestions for optimizing water resource flows.

EVOKE： A VALUE-DRIVEN CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD FOR EARLY SYSTEM DESIGN

The development of new technologically advanced products requires the contribution from a range of skills and disciplines, which are often difficult to fred within a single company or organization. Requirements establishment practices in Systems Engineering （SE）, while ensuring coordination of activities and tasks across the supply network, fall short when it comes to facilitate knowledge sharing and negotiation during early system design. Empirical observations show that when system-level requirements are not available or not mature enough, engineers dealing with the development of long lead-time sub-systems tend to target local optima, rather than opening up the design space. This phenomenon causes design teams to generate solutions that do not embody the best possible configuration for the overall system. The aim of this paper is to show how methodologies for value-driven design may address this issue, facilitating early stage design iterations and the resolution of early stage design trade-offs. The paper describes how such methodologies may help gathering and dispatching relevant knowledge about the ＇design intent＇ of a system to the cross-functional engineering teams, so to facilitate a more concurrent process for requirement elicitation in SE. The paper also describes EVOKE （Early Value Oriented design exploration with KnowledgE maturity）, a concept selection method that allows benchmarking design options at sub-system level on the base of value-related information communicated by the system integrators. The use of EVOKE is exemplified in an industrial case study related to the design of an aero-engine component. EVOKE＇s ability to raise awareness on the value contribution of early stage design concepts in the SE process has been further verified with industrial practitioners in ad-hoc design episodes.

公路缓和曲线长度的合理取值分析

为给车辆由直线(圆曲线)驶入圆曲线(直线)提供合理的路径长度,确保驾驶员能以安全、舒适、自然的状态驶入目标曲线单元,通过对现行路线规范中缓和曲线长度取值规定的合理性分析,发现回旋线参数取值规定易存在曲线单元间长度分配均匀、取值长度过长、不易与地形地物相协调等问题。结合美国《绿皮书》对缓和曲线取值的相关规定,从汽车行驶轨迹、缓和曲线偏移值特征及超高过渡等方面对缓和曲线长度取值进行理论分析研究。结果表明:在设计速度一定的情况下,随着圆曲线半径的增加,缓和曲线长度取值应随之减小;随着设计速度的增加,缓和曲线长度取值也应随之增加,但增加值较小,可忽略不计;在设计速度和圆曲线半径均相同的情况下,随着缓和曲线长度的增加,驾驶员判断前方平曲线的曲率半径偏小,易驶入临近车道,不利于交通安全。另外,根据缓和曲线偏移值特征及超高过渡所需长度研究发现,通过控制缓和曲线偏移值1 m、缓和曲线长度200 m范围,圆曲线半径与缓和曲线之间的变化关系较为稳定,符合车辆行驶轨迹,基本满足超高过渡段设置的要求。经计算得出当圆曲线半径大于1666 m时,缓和曲线长度宜随圆曲半径的增大而减短。

不同种类道路沥青材料异味特征及析源分析

随着我国社会经济逐渐向绿色可持续转型,沥青路面铺筑过程中的异味污染成为不可忽视的环境问题。本研究针对八种不同的道路沥青材料使用过程中产生的挥发性物质,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和气体检测仪进行定性与定量分析。在此基础上,结合异味阈值计算各物质异味活度值(OAV),通过异味活度值加和(SOAV)的方法对沥青异味进行分析,并对异味污染物中各组分及其异味贡献进行进一步的析源工作。研究结果表明,沥青挥发物的浓度与异味活度值加和并没有完全的正相关关系,胶粉改性沥青挥发物浓度及异味活度值加和相较于其他沥青均有显著提高。对八种不同种类道路沥青材料异味特征进行分析得出:六种组分对沥青异味的产生有贡献,其中,苯系物、醛类以及硫化氢对沥青异味的贡献较大,烯烃类以及酮类是胶粉改性沥青挥发物中特有的异味贡献组分。

废玻璃粉对泡沫混凝土性能和微观孔结构的影响及其价值工程分析

玻璃研磨成粉后的主要成分与粉煤灰相似,具备潜在的火山灰活性。为提高我国对废弃玻璃的循环利用率,将泡沫混凝土与废玻璃粉结合用于改善泡沫混凝土性能,减少水泥消耗量,提高废玻璃的循环利用率。本文研究了以废玻璃粉作为胶凝材料替代部分水泥,并探究废玻璃粉对泡沫混凝土抗压强度、干密度、干缩率、软化系数等的影响。结果表明:在替代胶凝材料总质量的0%~30%(质量分数,下同)时,废玻璃粉会提高泡沫混凝土的抗压强度;且在废玻璃粉掺量为20%时,泡沫混凝土28、56 d抗压强度达到最大值;而在120 d时,废玻璃粉掺量为30%的泡沫混凝土抗压强度达到最大值。废玻璃粉会降低泡沫混凝土的干缩值,且掺量越大,干缩值的降低程度越大,这有助于解决泡沫混凝土易开裂的问题。废玻璃粉能够明显提高泡沫混凝土的软化系数,便于其在潮湿或水下环境应用。此外,从微观孔结构的角度对废玻璃粉引起的泡沫混凝土力学及耐久性能的变化规律做出解释,最后对废玻璃粉引入泡沫混凝土后的价值进行分析,定量证明了废玻璃粉的环保性和经济性。

基于属性值变化的动态三支冲突分析

冲突分析有利于信息系统的问题处理。为了促进相关动态学习,将冲突分析模型推广到动态形式信息系统中,并结合三支决策思想研究基于属性值变化的动态三支冲突分析。首先,考虑单行属性值变化,研究距离矩阵的变化,得到关于冲突集、中立集、联合集的三支分析模型的变化结果。其次,类似考虑多行属性值变化,得到对应的三支分析模型的变化规律,并由此设计相关的动态更新算法。进而,针对列属性值变化,基于形式信息系统来转换成行属性值变化,从而调用行值动态更新方法。最后,实例分析说明了所得动态三支冲突分析的性质与算法的有效性。

台风登陆期间跨海大桥风-浪-流作用结构振动分析

台风登陆时,常诱发狂风、巨浪、风暴潮等自然灾害,威胁跨海大桥的安全。开展台风登陆期间跨海大桥风-浪-流多灾害作用随机振动分析对桥梁结构设计及安全运营有重要作用。首先,介绍台风登陆期间的风-浪-流多灾害数值模拟技术,利用台风混合风场模型驱动SWAN+ADCIRC波流耦合模型实现桥址海域台风期间的风、浪、潮、流模拟。然后,总结了风、浪、潮、流荷载的计算方法,其中风荷载采用了台风风谱,波浪荷载考虑台风波浪谱及各墩非一致激励。以某跨海公铁两用大桥为例,基于台风“艾利”期间的环境参数模拟结果,并借助有限元软件ANSYS开展跨海大桥多灾害作用振动分析。研究结果表明,长期响应的统计特征可利用每次10 min的30次短期随机时程分析结果均值作为代表值,桥梁短期动力响应极值服从广义极值分布;考虑风向、波向变化对桥梁随机振动分析结果影响显著。

基于遗憾值决策分析的排水管网改造方案评估方法研究

城市排水管网优化改造是当前我国解决城市水环境污染问题的重要途径之一。基于遗憾值决策分析理论提出了排水管网改造方案优化评估方法,在获取排水管网数据准确值受限时,可从改造方案的遗憾值角度量化评估排水管网改造方案的优劣性,并以典型混合型体制排水系统为例,全生命周期优化评估管网改造方案,结果表明截流式合流制相比于雨污分流与调蓄池措施更具有优越性。研究成果不仅为排水管网改造方案优化评估提供了创新思路,而且进一步丰富了不同排水体制优劣性问题的理论研究。

水利工程方案比选量化分析思考

针对我国目前水利工程方案比选时没有明确方法和现有定性分析方式存在明显不足的现状,根据国家规范要求,分析了比选应该考虑的各种因素指标,在此基础上初步提出了方案比选量化分析模型,提供了两种可供选择的量化分析计算方法,使水利工程不同方案以权重数值的直观形式供决策者进行选择。

价值工程在大带冠导叶改进方案的应用

大带冠导叶片毛坯采用方钢,材料利用率低,材料费高,加工时金属去除量大,刀具消耗较大,加工成本高。本篇文章应用价值工程的原理,通过对汽轮机关键核心零部件进行成本分析,以大带冠导叶片为降本对象,从毛坯方案、精加工工艺、产品性能检测、经济效益等方面阐述价值工程对于实际生产应用的指导意义。

价值工程理论驱动下的既有住宅建筑节能改造效益评价

本研究具体评估了价值工程理论于既有住宅建筑节能改造效益评价中的实际应用。文中界定了既有住宅节能改造及相应价值工程理论的基本内涵,明晰了基于价值工程理论开展建筑节能改造效益评价工作的优越性。在此基础上以无锡市某既有住宅项目为例,详细阐述了该住宅建筑项目现有节能措施,从建筑外墙、窗户、屋顶及照明系统四方面提出了具体的节能改造方案。且对新型建筑节能改造方案实施成本及效益进行了全面的评估分析,由此验证了价值工程理论在实际节能改造项目中的可行性。研究结果表明,在价值工程理论的指导下,既有住宅建筑节能改造方案的实施能显著提高能源使用效率,降低运营成本,进而为既有住宅建筑节能改造提供经济有效的方案方法。

建筑施工阶段工程造价的控制与管理研究

文中采用“赢得值法”作为全过程动态控制造价的主要方法,在确定项目投资目标后,将成本实际值和预算值比较,进行偏差分析,并提出相应的纠偏措施。使用该方法对某北方学校实验楼建设项目进行实时分析,结果显示,该项目实际产生成本比预算成本高,相应的成本偏差指数为1.643 1%;实际施工进度快于计划进度,计算得到的进度偏差指数为3.372%,即实际成本超出预计成本,但项目施工完成日期有所提前。

基于AHP&VE的混凝土耐久性分析

由于耐久性不足造成工程损伤现象日益严重,在设计方案时进行耐久性评估是必要的。以提高混凝土经济性、可持续性为目的,开展了基于AHP&VE的混凝土耐久性分析。首先,结合层次分析法系统分析混凝土耐久性影响因素及其权重值,建立基于AHP&VE混凝土耐久性分析模型,通过一致性检验得到混凝土耐久性影响因素权重向量合集,消除价值工程判断的主观性;其次,针对不同寿命的耐久性方案,构建不同结构可靠度的全生命周期成本分析模型;最后,在耐久性影响因素权重向量集合基础上进一步计算功能系数和价值系数,筛选最优方案,并以案例对模型进行实证。结果表明该模型一致性检验通过,模型可行。

价值工程在绿道项目成本控制中的应用

运用模糊德尔菲法,建立绿道功能评价模型,采用层次分析法确定绿道功能指标的权重值,运用价值工程理论对绿道建设方案进行优化和完善。将价值工程应用于DH绿道GC段的建设,该项目证明了在绿道景观项目中应用价值工程进行成本控制的可行性,并为其他类似的政府项目引入价值工程提供参考。

工艺工程领域价值分析降成本工作流程探索——以B1B2水性漆切换1K清漆为例

为探索工艺工程领域价值分析降成本工作流程,文章借鉴汽车行业价值分析与价值工程(VAVE)工作经验,通过B1B2水性漆匹配1K清漆价值分析降成本实践,探索出降成本优化点识别、可行性分析、目标设定、方案设计、试行验证、优化调整、总结固化的工作流程,可供国内商用汽车整车及零部件生产企业工艺工程技术人员借鉴参考。