Perceived Benefits of Using Value Engineering on Road Projects in Ghana

The need for Optimum Value benefit realization on Road Projects in developing countries has become topical. While the traditional Cost Control project management process only aligns actual costs with budgeted costs, Value Engineering (VE) is a sustainable and systematic innovative methodology for establishing the best functional balance among desired features of a project. A Value Engineering (VE) study was conducted with the aim of examining the benefits associated with its use on Road Projects in Ghana. This study employed a two-stage research procedure: desk study and field research. The literature review identified the Optimum Value benefits associated with VE road project management technique as increased Confidence Level in Contract Compliance, reliable Implementation Level of Construction Delivery and enhanced Effectiveness Level of Project Sustainability. A quantitative survey research design based on a purposive sampling technique of selecting respondents was adopted. Employing closed-ended questions, 40 sets of questionnaires were issued to professionals in Road Infrastructure and Support Agencies (RISA) under the Ministry of Roads and Highways (MRH) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. At a response rate of 85%, descriptive statistical analysis (Means, Standard Deviations and Variances) and inferential statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to process the data and determine whether there was any significant difference between VE benefit parameters and the groups of respondents. The results revealed that road professionals are familiar with the VE process but solely use Cost Control project management technique. Road professionals recognized the high Optimum Value benefits of professionally ethical Contract Compliance, efficient Construction Delivery and functionally viable Project Sustainability on VE road project management process.

Application of Earned Value Method in Project Cost Management and Schedule Management

At present,with the rapid development of China's economy,the development of the construction industry has made a new breakthrough.Project management requires the construction industry to continuously play its role and value in improving the ability of project management.Earned value method,which is an important way in the field of project management,enables whole project management to rise to a new height.The specific principle of earned value method will be elaborated by fully introducing the specific role of earned value method in engineering projects to provide a reference and basis for practitioners to improve their management ability.

Improvement of the Life Cycle Costing Method in DesignStage Using KBIMS Library

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution,the construction industry has undergone a paradigm shift.The smart construction technology market is expected to grow 12%annually in developed countries due to advanced technology investments.It is expected that businesses requiring highly sophisticated technology,for instance companies that need their old facilities upgraded,will become the main focus of the market.As building information modeling(BIM)design is becoming mandatory,such as in the Korea Public Procurement Service,researches regarding building automation,construction,and operation integration management systems based on BIM are conducted.In addition,for construction projects of over 10 billion won,design value engineering(Design VE)implementation,including life cycle cost(LCC)analysis,is mandatory at the design stage to improve quality and reduce the lifetime costs of buildings.In this study,we propose an improvement plan for LCC analysis at the design stage using the KBIMS library,which is an open BIM library developed by the Korean government and research groups.We analyze the existing LCC method,KBIMS library,and attribute information,and model the process that is applied in the LCC analysis system.This is expected to complement the LCC analysis system and improve work productivity.

基于价值工程的儿童下肢主动训练矫正器设计

目的 为改善现有儿童下肢主动训练矫正器的外观品质与交互方式,提升产品的整体价值,基于价值工程理论(ValueEngineering,VE)提出一种儿童下肢主动训练矫正器改进设计。方法 首先,结合层次分析法对儿童下肢主动训练矫正器产品功能模块进行划分与功能权重量化;其次,依据价值工程计算原理依次求出各功能要素的功能系数、成本系数和价值系数,利用价值机会分析获取关键功能要素的改进设计方向,为整体价值提升提供设计指导;最后,运用模糊综合评价法对多个改进设计方案进行排序,最终确定优选设计方案。结论 设计评价与验证结果表明改进设计方案在矫正模块和训练模块方面的用户满意度有明显提升。将价值工程理论应用于儿童下肢主动训练矫正器改进设计中具有一定可行性和有效性,对相关产品设计有一定参考与借鉴意义。

海上边际油气项目成本控制前期策略研究

对于海上边际油气项目,由于其可采资源“小、散、碎”或开发条件较差导致总投资较高,因此设置成本目标和限额设计、成本绩效管理等成本控制手段对于其经济有效开发尤为重要。目前针对海上边际油气项目投资管理的管理,缺少主动统筹的成本控制观念。为此,文章从项目决策的基本要求出发,系统分析了海上边际油气项目的开发工程模式,以项目参与各方共赢为导向,以实现项目经济效益为目标,提出基于目标成本法的成本规划策略和基于价值工程分析的成本计划策略。研究结果表明:在海上边际油气项目前期决策中,为推进边际油气项目经济有效实施,应积极融合各方利益,制定成本目标、明确成本计划。结论认为:在海上边际油气项目实施前主动制定符合要求的成本目标,实施过程中严格执行成本计划,对保证海上边际油气项目经济开发具有现实意义。

The Expanding Analysis of Enterprise＇s Human Capital Investment Value

Value is the scale that appraises whether the comparison between a certain thing and its realization which we need to consume is rational. The paper appraises the investment value and incomes of human capital by applying value engineering method. It elaborates the investment structure and contents of human capital first, and then analyzes and summarizes various functions of enterprise＇s human capital. It educes the production function and the optimum equilibrium solution of human capital on this basis. Finally, it appraises the investment value of human capital by applying VE method. Thus we will apply a new method in the human capital field.

价值工程在大带冠导叶改进方案的应用

大带冠导叶片毛坯采用方钢,材料利用率低,材料费高,加工时金属去除量大,刀具消耗较大,加工成本高。本篇文章应用价值工程的原理,通过对汽轮机关键核心零部件进行成本分析,以大带冠导叶片为降本对象,从毛坯方案、精加工工艺、产品性能检测、经济效益等方面阐述价值工程对于实际生产应用的指导意义。

基于价值工程的高速公路路线方案比选方法研究

为积极贯彻新时期“以功能为基点”的设计理念,提出一种基于价值工程的高速公路路线方案比选方法。首先通过对高速公路功能的系统性分析构建了路线方案功能评价指标体系,综合采用极值处理法、二元对比权重分析法、1~9标度法等计算各指标评分、指标权重及方案功能评分;然后利用国内相关统计数据和养护成本预测模型,计算出全寿命周期成本;最后引入价值工程理论计算出各方案的价值指数,通过比较价值指数的大小选取最优方案。将该方法应用于武汉至重庆高速公路汉川至天门段路线方案比选中,结果验证了该方法的科学性和实用性,可为高速公路路线方案决策提供理论依据。

Methodology and Technology for Design to Cost

Product cost is one of the most important factors affecting product market share. Traditionally, product costs are estimated after they are manufactured. However, in this way, the best opportunity to control product cost is lost. In this paper, a method trying to reduce product cost at the design stage is proposed. This method is called Design to Cost (DTC). According to this method, product structure can be optimized with the application of value engineering and Design for Manufacturing/Assembly (DFMA) criteria in the conceptual stage of product design. During embodiment design, products are evaluated economically on the basis of the product model which includes manufacturing, assembly and test cost information. According to the results, products are redesigned before manufacture, and the production cost is reduced.

价值工程理论驱动下的既有住宅建筑节能改造效益评价

本研究具体评估了价值工程理论于既有住宅建筑节能改造效益评价中的实际应用。文中界定了既有住宅节能改造及相应价值工程理论的基本内涵,明晰了基于价值工程理论开展建筑节能改造效益评价工作的优越性。在此基础上以无锡市某既有住宅项目为例,详细阐述了该住宅建筑项目现有节能措施,从建筑外墙、窗户、屋顶及照明系统四方面提出了具体的节能改造方案。且对新型建筑节能改造方案实施成本及效益进行了全面的评估分析,由此验证了价值工程理论在实际节能改造项目中的可行性。研究结果表明,在价值工程理论的指导下,既有住宅建筑节能改造方案的实施能显著提高能源使用效率,降低运营成本,进而为既有住宅建筑节能改造提供经济有效的方案方法。

Quantifying the Indirect Benefits of Transport Infrastructures and Value Capture Ways in Transportation

Urban transportation is closely related to land use. The changes of transportation cost and accessibility have a direct impact on land use and land prices. Land exploitation and land use play a role of redistributing traffic flow in the urban districts. Real property values are regarded as a sole comprehensive index representing all the benefits generated by transport investment. We have applied the theory of time value on transportation to land price model to evaluate the increased value of real estate resulting from improved accessibility. Agency responsible for the development of urban transport infrastructure can capture part of the financial benefit gained by real estate development through a variety of value capture. This enables us to transfer indirect benefit of transport infrastructure construction to transport enterprise and achieve a benign cycle between urban transport investment and land exploitation.

基于CBR理论的住宅建设项目工程成本预测的研究

为适应我国工程造价改革工作方案要求,提高房屋住宅工程成本预测的有效性,基于案例推理理论(CBR)构建了住宅工程成本预测模型。通过模型理论与实际结合,模型在验证过程中运用了K值聚类和GM(1,1)理论方法,保证预测结果准确性,提高成本预测的效率。该理论模型对住宅工程成本预测,具有一定理论价值和实际意义。

基于价值工程的装配式建筑全寿命周期的成本控制——以武汉市某项目方案设计阶段为例

在“双碳”背景下,装配式建筑契合国家绿色发展战略和建筑业发展趋势,如何高效、合理地控制其成本至关重要。将价值工程应用在装配式建筑全寿命周期进行成本控制研究,首先通过层次分析法和专家问卷调查法确定装配式建筑功能指标及其权重;其次通过文献研究法分析确定装配式建筑全寿命周期成本;再次通过计算价值指数优选出功能完善、成本最低的设计方案,达到成本控制的目的;最后,以武汉市某项目方案设计阶段为例,进行案例计算演示及分析,实现了价值工程在实际工程项目设计阶段成本控制的应用。

基于价值功能的公路路线设计方案比选研究

文中结合价值功能定义,提出了公路路线设计的价值功能计算方法。价值功能由功能函数和造价函数组成,功能函数定量化体现了路线方案的价值和效用,造价函数定量化体现了路线方案的费用和投资。价值功能实现了定量化评比定性路线方案的目的,为路线选择提供了有效参考。

考虑组测成本和时间价值的概率群试双目标优化模型研究

核酸检测成本和检测完成时间的控制问题,提出基于组测成本和时间价值的概率群试优化方法。首先,用多类成本效用函数表示组合和检测成本,建立考虑组合成本和混合检测成本的概率群试优化模型,获取最优核酸检测样本混合数量,探究样本阳性概率和组测成本效用函数对优化结果的影响;其次,考虑检测完成时间对疫情控制的影响,分别将样本采样能力和检测能力纳入优化模型,建立基于组测成本和时间价值的概率群试双目标规划模型;最后,进行COVID-19核酸检测实例分析,验证模型适用性,得到最小检测成本和最短检测完成时间下的帕累托最优曲线。结果表明,一般情况下较为合理的核酸检测样本混合数量为10,但视待检区域的疫情风险等级和医疗资源分配差异,核酸检测样本混合数量也可调整为5和20等。

价值工程在核化工项目限额设计中的应用

随着自主三代核电机组的批量化、规模化生产,我国在役核电站卸出的乏燃料数量也在不断增长,后处理逐渐成为制约核工业体系循环发展的重要环节。核化工项目的生产工艺复杂、设备研制技术难度大、工程建设周期长,整体资金投入巨大。工程建设过程中费用超支的问题频出,甚至直接影响项目按期竣工。文章基于工作实践和研究情况,探索核化工项目限额设计的必要性,提出限额设计的全周期控制流程,并采用价值工程原理对限额控制目标进行优化调整。结果显示,基于价值工程的限额设计费用控制方法可以为解决核化工领域存在的费用控制问题提供一种科学的途径和方法,具有广泛的适用性。

基于价值工程的EPC项目工程造价控制策略应用研究

针对福州市东南区水厂工艺改造工程第2标段(投资建设一体化)设计施工总承包项目的造价控制情况,结合价值工程造价控制方法,对人力、物力及施工等成本进行分析,并采取系列造价管理措施对造价成本进行优化。结果表明,方案1的总造价约为3700万元,方案2在满足业主功能需求的同时,使用的材料和劳动力更少,从而降低了造价成本,总造价约为2640万元。

价值工程在绿道项目成本控制中的应用

运用模糊德尔菲法,建立绿道功能评价模型,采用层次分析法确定绿道功能指标的权重值,运用价值工程理论对绿道建设方案进行优化和完善。将价值工程应用于DH绿道GC段的建设,该项目证明了在绿道景观项目中应用价值工程进行成本控制的可行性,并为其他类似的政府项目引入价值工程提供参考。

基于价值工程的装配式建筑增量成本-效益模型研究

当前的工程实践表明,装配式建筑能大幅度减少现场施工人员数量、缩短工期,但装配式建筑中会产生增量成本,增量成本是影响装配式建筑大规模推广的重要原因。通过分析装配式建筑在施工过程中的增量成本组成要素,并指出利用装配式建筑会产生增量效益。提出一种基于价值工程的增量成本-效益模型(VCF),通过VCF模型可以真实地反映出在利用装配式建筑施工的过程中设计、施工、运营环节的增量成本和增量效益,通过具体案例对比增量成本与增量效益之间的差异,引导施工企业正确评估装配式建筑的成本及其潜在的效益,从而更好地促进装配式建筑行业发展。

基于AHP&VE的混凝土耐久性分析

由于耐久性不足造成工程损伤现象日益严重,在设计方案时进行耐久性评估是必要的。以提高混凝土经济性、可持续性为目的,开展了基于AHP&VE的混凝土耐久性分析。首先,结合层次分析法系统分析混凝土耐久性影响因素及其权重值,建立基于AHP&VE混凝土耐久性分析模型,通过一致性检验得到混凝土耐久性影响因素权重向量合集,消除价值工程判断的主观性;其次,针对不同寿命的耐久性方案,构建不同结构可靠度的全生命周期成本分析模型;最后,在耐久性影响因素权重向量集合基础上进一步计算功能系数和价值系数,筛选最优方案,并以案例对模型进行实证。结果表明该模型一致性检验通过,模型可行。