On the Mean Value of High-Powers of a Special Character Sum Modulo a Prime

In this paper,we use the elementary methods,the properties of Dirichlet character sums and the classical Gauss sums to study the estimation of the mean value of high-powers for a special character sum modulo a prime,and derive an exact computational formula.It can be conveniently programmed by the“Mathematica”software,by which we can get the exact results easily.

A Number Theoretic Function and Its Mean Value Computation

Let p be a prime, n be any positiv e integer, α(n,p) denotes the power of p in the factorization of n! . In this paper, we give an exact computing formula of the mean value ∑ n<Nα(n,p).

THE SCHUR CONVEXITY OF GINI MEAN VALUES IN THE SENSE OF HARMONIC MEAN

We prove that the Gini mean values S（a,b; x,y） are Schur harmonic convex with respect to （x,y）∈（0,∞）×（0,∞） if and only if （a, b） ∈{（a, b）：a≥0,a ≥ b,a＋b＋1≥0}∪{（a,b）：b≥0,b≥a,a＋b＋1≥0} and Schur harmonic concave with respect to （x,y） ∈ （0,∞）×（0,∞） if and only if （a,b）∈{（a,b）：a≤0,b≤0,a｜b｜1≤0}.

The Asymptotic Property of Generalized Taylor Remainder "Mean Value Point"

This paper discussed asymptotic property of Taylor remainder 'mean value point' in normed Linear space. The asymptotic progerty of 'mean value point' is solved when f(n+i)(x0)h(n+i) = 0(i = 1, 2,..., p - 1) and f(n+p)(x0)h(h+p) don't exist. Meanwhile, achieve more general asymptotic estimation formula. Make many former results are just because of special case of the pager.

Some Hybrid Mean Values of a New Number Theoretic Function

Let p and q be two distinct primes, epq（n） denotes the largest exponent of power pq which divides n. In this paper, we study the mean value properties of function epq（n）, and give some hybrid mean value formulas for epq（n） and Dirichlet divisor function d（n）. Key words： largest exponent; asymptotic formula; hybrid mean value; Dirichlet divisor function d（n）

On the Lucas Base and Computation of Counting Function Mean Value

In this paper, we introduce a new counting function a(m) related to the Lucas number, then use conjecture and induction methods to give an exact formula Ar(N)=α(n), (r=1,2,3) and prove them.

THE MEAN VALUE THEOREM AND CONVERSE THEOREM OF ONE CLASS THE FOURTH-ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

For the formal presentation about the definite problems of ultra-hyperbolic equations, the famous Asgeirsson mean value theorem has answered that Cauchy problems are ill-posed to ultra-hyperbolic partial differential equations of the second-order. So it is important to develop Asgeirsson mean value theorem. The mean value of solution for the higher order equation hay been discussed primarily and has no exact result at present. The mean value theorem for the higher order equation can be deduced and satisfied generalized biaxial symmetry potential equation by using the result of Asgeirsson mean value theorem and the properties of derivation and integration. Moreover, the mean value formula can be obtained by using the regular solutions of potential equation and the special properties of Jacobi polynomials. Its converse theorem is also proved. The obtained results make it possible to discuss on continuation of the solutions and well posed problem.

On the Mean Value of the Infinite Order Legendre Series

In this paper, we studies the relations between the mean value and the maximun norm of the infinite order entire functions which defined by legendre series. We obtained that if f(z) is an infinite order entire function with a positive exponenatial lower order. then loaM (α) ～logMδ(α) ～ logMδ(α) (α→+∞).

Hybrid Mean Value of the Hyper Cochrane Sums

The main purpose of this paper is to use the analytic methods to study the hybrid mean value involving the hyper Cochrane sums, and give several sharp asymptotic formulae.

A New Compound Function and Its Mean Value

The main purpose of this paper is using the analytic method to study the mean value properties of the arithmetical functions δk（（m, n））, δk（[m,n]/m）,and give several interesting asymptotic formulae for them.

Mean Values of the Hardy Sum

Let p≥5 be a prime. For any integer h, the Hardy sum is defined by H(h,p)=sum((-1)^(j+1+[(hj)/p]))from (p-1) to (j=1) which is related to the classical Dedekind sum. The mean values of the Hardy sum in short intervals are studied by using the mean value theorems of Dirichlet L-functions.

A Note on the Mean Value Theorems

The mean value theorem for derivatives says that for a given function over a closed and bounded interval, there is a point P on the graph such that the tangent at P is parallel to the secant through the two endpoints. The mean value theorem for definite integrals says that the area under the function is equal to the area of a rectangle whose base is the length of the interval and height of some point Q on the graph. These two theorems have been studied and utilized extensively and they form the backbone of many important theorems in different branches of mathematics. In this note, we pose the question: for what functions do the two points P and Q always coincide? We find that the only analytic functions satisfying this condition are linear or exponential functions.

Image Feature Computation in Encrypted Domain Based on Mean Value

In smart environments,more and more teaching data sources are uploaded to remote cloud centers which promote the development of the smart campus.The outsourcing of massive teaching data can reduce storage burden and computational cost,but causes some privacy concerns because those teaching data(especially personal image data)may contain personal private information.In this paper,a privacy-preserving image feature extraction algorithm is proposed by using mean value features.Clients use block scrambling and chaotic map to encrypt original images before uploading to the remote servers.Cloud servers can directly extract image mean value features from encrypted images.Experiments show the effectiveness and security of our algorithm.It can achieve information search over the encrypted images on the smart campus.

Sub-Differential Characterizations of Non-Smooth Lower Semi-Continuous Pseudo-Convex Functions on Real Banach Spaces

In this paper, we characterize lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the pseudo-monotonicity of its Clarke-Rockafellar Sub-differential. We extend the results on the characterizations of non-smooth convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the monotonicity of its sub-differentials to the lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions on real Banach spaces.

Adaptive Active Control of Low Frequency Noise in a Duct

Aim To study a method realizing noise control for a physical model of progressive wave in a duct. Methods A mathematical model was constructed and a transfer function of the adaptive system for noise control was also worked out; moreover, the effects of some algorithms such as RLS,LMS and LSL on noise control were analyzed and compared. Results Without the feedback of sound, the mean noise reduce value(MNRV) of 27 5 dB for broadband noise from 0 to 500?Hz in frequency were achieved. When acoustic feedback took place and an air stream loudspeaker was used, the MNRV was only about 4 9?dB. But if the loudspeaker had a plain frequency feature, MNRV was improved by 10 2?dB. Conclusion The technique is applied to ruducing the noise from engines' exhausted gas pipes. It is, in principle, used for noise cancelling in a closed three dimensional space.

AN APPROXIMATE EXPRESSION RELATED WITH RSA FIXED POINTS

Let T=T(n,e,α) be the number of fixed points o f RSA(n,e) that a re co prime with n=pq,and A,B be sets of prime numbers in (1,x) and (1,y) respectively. An estimation on the mean value M(A,B,e,α)=1 (#A)(#B)∑p∈A,q∈B,(p,q)=1logT(pq,e,α) is given.

Target reliability index for serviceability limit state of single piles

The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.

Meridional Distributions of Historical Zonal Averages and Their Use to Quantify the Global and Spheroidal Mean Near-Surface Temperature of the Terrestrial Atmosphere

The zonal averages of temperature (the so-called normal temperatures) for numerous parallels of latitude published between 1852 and 1913 by Dove, Forbes, Ferrel, Spitaler, Batchelder, Arrhenius, von Bezold, Hopfner, von Hann, and B&ouml;rnstein were used to quantify the global (spherical) and spheroidal mean near-surface temperature of the terrestrial atmosphere. Only the datasets of Dove and Forbes published in the 1850s provided global averages below 〈T〉=14°C, mainly due to the poor coverage of the Southern Hemisphere by observations during that time. The global averages derived from the distributions of normal temperatures published between 1877 and 1913 ranged from 〈T〉=14.0°C (Batchelder) to 〈T〉=15.1°C (Ferrel). The differences between the global and the spheroidal mean near-surface air temperature are marginal. To examine the uncertainty due to interannual variability and different years considered in the historic zonal mean temperature distributions, the historical normal temperatures were perturbed within ±2σ to obtain ensembles of 50 realizations for each dataset. Numerical integrations of the perturbed distributions indicate uncertainties in the global averages in the range of ±0.3°C to ±0.6°C and depended on the number of available normal temperatures. Compared to our results, the global mean temperature of 〈T〉=15.0°C published by von Hann in 1897 and von Bezold in 1901 and 1906 is notably too high, while 〈T〉=14.4°C published by von Hann in 1908 seems to be more adequate within the range of uncertainty. The HadCRUT4 record provided 〈T〉≌?13.7°C for 1851-1880 and 〈T〉=13.6°C for 1881-1910. The Berkeley record provided 〈T〉=13.6°C and 〈T〉≌?13.5°C for these periods, respectively. The NASA GISS record yielded 〈T〉=13.6°C for 1881-1910 as well. These results are notably lower than those based on the historic zonal means. For 1991-2018, the HadCRUT4, Berkeley, and NASA GISS records provided 〈T〉=14.4°C, 〈T〉=14.5°C, and 〈T〉=14.5°C, respectively. The comparison of the 1991-2018 globally averaged near-surface temperature with those derived from distributions of zonal temperature averages for numerous parallels of latitude suggests no change for the past 100 years.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBDIFFERENTIALS OF FUNCTIONS

In the presem paper, some important characteristics of Fenchel-, Frechet-,Hademard-, and Gateaux-Subdifferentials are showed up, and properties of functions, especially. convexity of functions, are described by subdifferentials.

SOLUTIONS TO A CLASS OF PARABOLIC INHOMOGENEOUS NORMALIZED p-LAPLACE EQUATIONS

In this article, we prove that viscosity solutions of the parabolic inhomogeneous equationsn＋p/put-△p^Nu=f（x,t）can be characterized using asymptotic mean value properties for all p ≥ 1, including p = 1 and p = ∞. We also obtain a comparison principle for the non-negative or non-positive inhomogeneous term f for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem and this in turn implies the uniqueness of solutions to such a problem.