Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.

THE BACKGROUND VALUES OF RARE EARTH AND RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS IN WATER SYSTEM OF SOURCE AREA OF THE CHANG JIANG RIVER

Using neutron activation analysis method we determined contents of rare-earth and radioactive elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Cs, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ba, U, Th) in source water system of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, which is mainly composed of the Tuotuo River, the Chumaer River, and the Buqu River. The contents of these elements in the unflltered water have a great variation and a close correlation with the water turbidity. The contents of these elements in filtered water only have a little variation and are lower than those in the unflltered water. The variations in contents of these elements in sediments are also very little. These elements in the unifiltered water are in geometric distribution, except Sc. Most of the elements in sediments are in arithmetic distribution, but Cs, Sb, Th, are in deviation distribution. The contents of most of these elements in the river source area correspond to the contents of fresh water of the earth. Most of these elements have a little variation in their

Power Law Distributions in the Experiment for Adjustment of the Ion Source of the NBI System

The experiential adjustment process in an experiment on the ion source of the neutral beam injector system for the HT-7 Tokamak is reported in this paper. With regard to the data obtained in the same condition, in arranging the arc current intensities of every shot with a decay rank, the distributions of the arc current intensity correspond to the power laws, and the distribution obtained in the condition with the cryo-pump corresponds to the double Pareto distribution. Using the similar study method, the distributions of the arc duration are close to the power laws too. These power law distributions are formed rather naturally instead of being the results of purposeful seeking.

Ius Proprium ac Nativum： Brief Reflections on the Historical Evolution of the Sources of Canon Law

The purpose of this brief study, intended specifically for the reader who wants to begin to comprehend canon law, is to outline the historical evolution of Church law and its juridical sources that have unfolded in over two millennia History helps us to better understand that the uniqueness of the canonical legal system, willed by the divine Founder, expressed itself in a firm resolution in favor of law; a law which for the Church represents a means and not an end, i.e., the attainment of its objective for which it is competent： the salus aeterna anirnarum. In this socio-historical excursus, one is able to appreciate the unparalleled and the specificity of the canonical system and its sources.

Formal Inferring the Law of Conservation of Energy from Assuming A-Priori-ness of Knowledge in a Formal Axiomatic Epistemology System Sigma

The research purpose is invention (construction) of a formal logical inference of the Law of Conservation of Energy within a logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma from a precisely defined assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. For realizing this aim, the following work has been done: 1) a two-valued algebraic system of formal axiology has been defined precisely and applied to proper-philosophy of physics, namely, to an almost unknown (not-recognized) formal-axiological aspect of the physical law of conservation of energy;2) the formal axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma has been defined precisely and applied to proper-physics for realizing the above-indicated purpose. Thus, a discrete mathematical model of relationship between philosophy of physics and universal epistemology united with formal axiology has been constructed. Results: 1) By accurate computing relevant compositions of evaluation-functions within the discrete mathematical model, it is demonstrated that a formal-axiological analog of the great conservation law of proper physics is a formal-axiological law of two-valued algebra of metaphysics. (A precise algorithmic definition of the unhabitual (not-well-known) notion “formal-axiological law of algebra of metaphysics” is given.) 2) The hitherto never published significantly new nontrivial scientific result of investigation presented in this article is a formal logical inference of the law of conservation of energy within the formal axiomatic theory Sigma from conjunction of the formal-axiological analog of the law of conservation of energy and the assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge.

The Human Rights value and the Global Implications of China’s Law-based Modernization

China’s law-based modernization profoundly reflects the glorious history of the Communist Party of China’s continuous exploration of the development path of the rule of law.It has profoundly changed China,and is greatly affecting the course of world history.Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee says that“The fundamental purpose of promoting the comprehen-sive rule of law is to safeguard the people’s rights and interests in accordance with the law.”

Formally Deriving the Third Newton’s Law from a Pair of Nontrivial Assumptions in a Formal Axiomatic Theory “Sigma-V”

The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has continued investigating the extraordinary (paradigm-breaking) hypothesis of formal-axiological interpreting Newton’s mathematical principles of natural philosophy and, thus, has arrived to discrete mathematical modeling a system of formal axiology of nature by extracting and systematical studying its proper algebraic aspect. Along with the proper algebraic machinery, the axiomatic (hypothetic-deductive) method is exploited in this investigation systematically. The research results are the followings. 1) The Third Newton’s Law of mechanics has been modeled by a formal-axiological equation of two-valued algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology. (Precise defining the algebraic system is provided.) The formal-axiological equation has been established (and examined) in this algebraic system by accurate computing compositions of relevant evaluation-functions. Precise tabular definitions of the evaluation-functions are given. 2) The wonderful formula representing the Third Newton’s Law (in the relevant physical interpretation of the formal theory Sigma-V) has been derived logically in Sigma-V from the presumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. A precise axiomatic definition of the nontrivial notion “a-priori-ness of knowledge” is given. The formal derivation is implemented in strict accordance with the rigor standard of D. Hilbert’s formalism;hence, checking the formal derivation submitted in this article is not a difficult task. With respect to proper theoretical physics, the formal inference is a nontrivial scientific novelty which has not been discussed and published elsewhere yet.

Study of the Change in Wave Velocity Ratio before and after Two Strong Earthquakes Using Airgun Source Data

Using the signals excited by the large-volume airgun source at the Binchuan transmitting seismic station from January to June,2016,arrival-time data was acquired at four stations near the epicenter of the Eryuan MS4.5 and MS4.0 earthquakes on February 8,2016,as well as the epicenter of the Yunlong MS5.0 and Eryuan MS4.6 earthquakes on May 18,2016 through the waveform cross-correlation technique.The wave velocity ratio of the four stations was calculated using the single-station method.At the same time,the b-value and the focal mechanism consistency parameters of the study area were also calculated.The results show that:(1)the wave velocity ratio of each station experienced a process of decline-recovery-fast rise before the two strong earthquakes,and a significant quasi-synchronous rapid rise occurred within 3-12 days before the earthquake;(2)the timing of the rapid rise of the wave velocity ratio of the four stations before the Yunlong MS5.0 and Eryuan MS4.6 earthquakes were related to the epicentral distance.The station which observed the earliest increase in rapid rise is the farthest one from the epicenter,and the station where the rapid rise appeared in the latest is closest to the epicenter;(3)the form of change of the wave velocity ratio before the earthquake was different between stations located at different directions in the epicenter area;(4)the b-value and the focal mechanism consistency parameter which is commonly used to characterize the stress level both showed a downward trend before the two strong earthquakes,and were consistent with the change in the wave velocity ratio.According to the preliminary analysis,the wave velocity ratio obtained by using airgun source can better reflect the change in the stress state of the underground medium.

The Socialist Rule of Law with Chinese Characteristics and Human Rights Protection

Law is the fundamental method of governance and the rule of law symbolizes modern civilization. The socialist rule of law is the rule of law rooted in the Chinese tradition, and designed and led by the Communist Party of China(CPC). It is not only a tool for government, but also a driver of social progress. Meanwhile, the Chinese human rights system is also designed by the CPC. Both concepts—the socialist rule of law and the human rights system——are different from the West in terms of theory, path and systems. Human rights are the fundamental values of and the ultimate goal pursued by the rule of law; and the rule of law is the recognition of and guarantee for human rights. Efforts must be made to advance legislative, administrative and judicial protection of human rights.

Steering laws analysis of SGCMGs based on singular value decomposition theory

The steering laws of single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） are analyzed and compared in this paper for a spacecraft attitude control system based on singular value decomposition （SVD） theory. The mechanism of steering laws escaping singularity, especially how the steering laws affect singularity of gimbal configuration and the output torque error, is studied using SVD theory. Performance of various steering laws are analyzed and compared quantitatively by simulation. The obtained results can be used as a reference for designers.

Conservation laws of some soliton equations with self-consistent sources

Infinitely many conservation laws for some （1＋1）-dimension soliton hierarchy with self-consistent sources are constructed from their corresponding Lax pairs directly. Three examples are given. Besides, infinitely many conservation laws for Kadomtsev-Petviashvili （KP） hierarchy with self-consistent sources are obtained from the pseudo-differential operator and the Lax pair.

On the Strong Law of Large Numbers for Non-Independent B-Valued Random Variables

This paper investigates some conditions which imply the strong laws of large numbers for Banach space valued random variable sequences. Some generalizations of the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund theorem and the Hoffmann-J?rgensen and Pisier theorem are obtained. Key words strong law of large numbers - Banach space valued random variable sequence - p-smoothable Banach space CLC number O 211.4 - O 211.6 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10071058)Biography: Gan Shi-xin (1939-), male, Professor, research direction: martingale theory, probability limiting theory and Banach space geometry theory.

Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Water of Aristichthys nobilis Richardson Aquaculture by Biofloc

In order to explore the effects of different carbon sources on the water of Aristichthys nobilis Richardson culture by biofloc as well as regular,glucose,sucrose,dextrin,brown sugar and molasses 5 soluble carbon source were added into the water of Aristichthys nobilis Richardson culture containing a certain amount of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen to research their effects on pH value,dissolved oxygen,ammonia-nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen value.The results showed that sucrose had the best effect in converting ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen;glucose and dextrin had significant effect in converting ammonia nitrogen.However,compared with sucrose,glucose and dextrin had bad effect in converting nitrite nitrogen molasses had bad effect in converting ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen,and had little effect on pH value and dissolved oxygen;glucose,sucrose and dextrin had significant effect in decreasing pH value and dissolved oxygen;brown sugar had good effect in converting nitrite nitrogen,whereas it had little effect in converting ammonia nitrogen.Therefore,sucrose was the best carbon source,and if the cost factor was taken into account,glucose also had a high cost performance.

Application of Omori’s Decay Law to the 2001 Bhuj Aftershock Sequence for Kachchh Region of Western India

In the present study, the temporal behavior of 2001 Bhuj aftershock sequence in Kachchh region of western peninsular India is studied by the modified Omori law. The Omori law parameters p, c and K are determined with the standard errors by the maximum likelihood estimates using ZMAP algorithm in MatLab environment. The entire aftershock sequence is analyzed by diving it into three separate series with respect to time to weigh up the bigger earthquake of magnitude M 5.7 occurring on March 7, 2006 at Gedi fault. This study helps to understand the cumulative effect of the aftershocks generated by this bigger earthquake of the mainshock sequence. The results of this analysis are discussed with other studies of the different earthquake sequence for the different parts of the world and suggest that all the three series of Bhuj aftershock sequence follow the Omori relation. Values of parameter p vary significantly from series 1 to series 3, i.e., p-value varies significantly with time. Similarly, other two Omori law parameters K and c are also found to change significantly with time. These parameters are useful to describe temporal behavior of aftershocks and to forecast aftershock activity in time domain. Aftershock decay rate provides insight into stress release processes after the mainshock, thus helping to understand the heterogeneity of the fault zone properties and evaluate time-dependent seismic hazard analysis over the region.

Global Solution of a Nonlinear Conservation Law with Weak Discontinuous Flux in the Half Space

This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem of a nonlinear conservation law in the half space R+= {x |x > 0} where a>0 , u(x,t) is an unknown function of x ∈ R+ and t>0 , u ± , um are three given constants satisfying um=u+≠u- or um=u-≠u+ , and the flux function f is a given continuous function with a weak discontinuous point ud. The main purpose of our present manuscript is devoted to studying the structure of the global weak entropy solution for the above initial-boundary value problem under the condition of f '-(ud) > f '+(ud). By the characteristic method and the truncation method, we construct the global weak entropy solution of this initial-boundary value problem, and investigate the interaction of elementary waves with the boundary and the boundary behavior of the weak entropy solution.

Innovation of concept and system of economic law based on the sustainable development

Make up for deficiencies in the economic development of market mechanisms through macro-control method. Although the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation, in other means of regulation it plays an irreplaceable role in regulating the economy, the management of economic activities. However, by the market ＂invisible hand＂ spontaneous adjustment, there is ＂market failure＂ problem. Market self-regulation mechanisms inevitable cyclical economic fluctuations and economic crisis, the impact of a sustained and stable economic growth will lead to a waste of resources, environmental degradation is caused, but also it produces uneven regional development, causing social polarization between rich and poor, etc. Public goods such as ecological environment should be through legal means, rather than a means to implement the healthy development of the market environment.

On China’s Civil Law Codification and the Development of China’s Civil Law Scholarship

The development of the theoretical system of civil law scholarship and the codification of civil law are closely related and of promotional function to each other.The codification of civil law can promote the systematization of civil law scholarship,perfection of the value system,development and modernization of civil law studies,and the systematization of legal hermeneutics.The subjectivity of China’s civil law scholarship,i.e.,the notions of problem-orientation,nativeness,practice,the times and innovations,can be improved during China’s civil law codification.The codification of civil law can promote the development of a theoretical system of civil law scholarship with Chinese characteristics,including the development of diversified elements such as values,content,system,hermeneutics and methods of civil law.

Study on the Inelastic Attenuation Coefficient,Site Response and Source Parameters in the Southeast Area of Gansu Province

Using digital seismograms recorded by the Gansu digital seismic network, the inelastic attenuation coefficient is calculated based on a genetic algorithm and the method proposed by Atkinson. Then, the site response and source parameters are investigated by the Moya method. The inversion results indicate the frequency-dependent inelastic attenuation, Q value, in the southeastern Gansu is estimated as Q （f） ： 404.2f^0.264 . Except for the Tianshui station, the site responses of the other stations do not show significant amplifications, which is consistent with their basement on rocks. The stress drops of all 39 earthquakes range between 1 × 10^5 and 7 × 10^6 Pa. We also found the dependence of corner frequency on seismic moment and seismic magnitude.

Structure changes and succession dynamic of the natural secondary forest after severe fire interference

The structure and dynamic succession law of natural secondary forest after severe fire interference in recent 20 years were studied by adopting the method of deducing time series from the spatial sequence of vegetation in Heihe region, Heilongjiang, China. Two typical and widely distributed forest types in the study area, namely forest type A and forest type B, were selected as study subjects. Forest type A is pure broadleaf forest or broadleaf mixed forest mainly composing of superior Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana in the area with gradient 〈25°, while forest type B is pure forest or mixed forest composing of superior Quercus mongolica and Betula davurica in the area with gradient 〉25°. Species richness, vegetation coverage, important value, and similarity index of commtmity in different layers （Herb, shrub, small tree, and arbor layers） were investigated and analyzed for the two typical forests. The results show that after fire interference, the species richness and coverage in each layer in forest type A were higher than that in forest type B. Both for forest type A and B, with elapse of post-fire years, the species richness and coverage of herbs and shrubs showed a decline tendency, while those of arbor layer present a rising tendency. Through comparison of the important values of species in each layer and analysis of community structure changes, the dynamic process of post-fire vegetation succession for forest type A and B was separately determined. Post-fire 80 years＇ succession tendency of forest type A is B. platyphylla and Larix gmelinii mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of Corylus heterophylla and Vaccinium uliginosum, and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Athyrium multidentatum, and Pyrola incarnate; whereas, the post-fire 80 years＇ succession of forest type B is Q. mongolica and B. davurica mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of lespedeza bicolar and corylus heterophylla and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Asparagus densiflorus, and Hemerocallis minor.

On legal value of mediation——from the view of jurisprudence

Mediation is becoming more and more important in the process of settling conflict nowadays,so it’s quite necessary to explain the legal value of mediation from the view of jurisprudence.