Output Waveform Analysis of an Electro-hydraulic Vibrator Controlled by the Multiple Valves

The existing research of the electro-hydraulic vibrator mainly focuses on system stability, working frequency width and output waveform distortion. However, this high frequency performance of the electro-hydraulic vibrator is difficult to be improved greatly due to fast insufficiently frequency response of the servo valve itself and limited compensation capability of the control structure in the vibrator system. In this paper, to realize high frequency vibration, an improved two-dimensional valve （here within defined as a 2D valve） as a main control component is adopted to the parallel connection with a servo valve to control the electro-hydraulic vibrator, Because the output waveforms of this electro-hydraulic vibrator are incapable to be verified through timely feedback as in the conventional electro-hydraulic servo system, the analysis to the output waveform becomes crucial to the design and control of the electro-hydraulic vibrator. The mathematical models of hydraulic actuation mechanism and the orifice area of the parallel valves connection are established first. And then the vibration process is divided into two sections in terms of the direction of the flow, the analytical expression of the excited waveform is solved. Based on relationships exist between working states and the control parameters the analytical results, the vibration boundary positions and the are derived. Finally an experimental system was built to validate the theoretical analysis. It is verified that this electro-hydraulic vibration system could achieve high working frequency, up to 2 000 Hz. The excited waveform is similar to the sinnsoidal waveform. And the ascent and decent slopes of the waveforms are somewhat asymmetrical. This asymmetry is not only caused by the change of the direction of the elastic force but also dependent on the bias position of the vibration. Consequentky the distortion of effective working waveform is less tha~ 10%. This electro-hydraulic vibrator controlled by the multiple valves could not only greatly enhance the working frequency but also precisely control the vibration characteristic variables such as waveform shape.

Characteristics Prediction Method of Electro-hydraulic Servo Valve Based on Rough Set and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System

Synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are key factors to determine eligibility of the hydraulic production. Testing all synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve after assembling leads to high repair rate and reject rate, so accurate prediction for the synthesis characteristics in the industrial production is particular important in decreasing the repair rate and the reject rate of the product. However, the research in forecasting synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is rare. In this work, a hybrid prediction method was proposed based on rough set（RS） and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system（ANFIS） in order to predict synthesis characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo valve. Since the geometric factors affecting the synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are from workers＇ experience, the inputs of the prediction method are uncertain. RS-based attributes reduction was used as the preprocessor, and then the exact geometric factors affecting the synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve were obtained. On the basis of the exact geometric factors, ANFIS was used to build the final prediction model. A typical electro-hydraulic servo valve production was used to demonstrate the proposed prediction method. The prediction results showed that the proposed prediction method was more applicable than the artificial neural networks（ANN） in predicting the synthesis characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo valve, and the proposed prediction method was a powerful tool to predict synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve. Moreover, with the use of the advantages of RS and ANFIS, the highly effective forecasting framework in this study can also be applied to other problems involving synthesis characteristics forecasting.

High precise control method for a new type of Piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve

A new type of piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve system was proposed. And then multilayer piezoelectric actuator based on new piezoelectric ceramic material was used as the electricity-machine converter of the proposed piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve. The proposed piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve has ascendant performance compared with conventional ones. But the system is of high nonlinearity and uncertainty, it cannot achieve favorable control performance by conventional control method. To develop an efficient way to control piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve system, a high-precise fuzzy control method with hysteresis nonlinear model in feedforward loop was proposed. The control method is separated into two parts: a feedforward loop with Preisach hysteresis nonlinear model and a feedback loop with high-precise fuzzy control. Experimental results show that the hysteresis loop and the maximum output hysteresis by the PID control method are 4.22% and 2.11 μm, respectively; the hysteresis loop and the maximum output hysteresis by the proposed control method respectively are 0.74% and 0.37 μm, respectively; the maximum tracking error by the PID control method for sine wave reference signal is about 5.02%, the maximum tracking error by the proposed control method for sine wave reference signal is about 0.85%.

Investigation of Semi-Active Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension for a Heavy Vehicle Based on Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Valve

Hydro-pneumatic suspension is widely used in heavy vehicles due to its nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping. However, the conventional passive hydro-pneumatic suspension can’t adjust parameters according to the complicated road environment of heavy vehicles to fulfill the requirements of the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, a semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system based on the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control is proposed, and fuzzy control is used as the control strategy to adjust the?damping force of the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension. A 1/4?semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension model is established, which is co-simulated with AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink. The co-simulation results show that the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system can significantly reduce vibration of the vehicle body, and improve the suspension performance comparing with passive hydro-pneumatic suspension.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE-FLOW HYBRID VALVE

The structure principles under the flow and pressure working conditions are studied, in order to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure-flow hybrid valve. According to the structure principles under the two different working conditions, the transfer functions under such conditions are derived. With the transfer functions, some structure elements that may affect its performance, are investigated, afterwards some principles of optimality and effective methods for improving the dynamic performance of the valve are proposed. The conclusions can be used to instruct engineering applications and products designing. The test results conform to the results of the theoretical analysis and simulation, which proves the correctness of the study and simulation works.

Analysis of nonlinearities and effects in direct drive electro-hydraulic position servo system

The direct drive electro-hydraulic servo system is a new approach hydraulic system. It is much smaller and easier controlled than traditional systems and is a perfect energy saver. This paper will briefly introduce the popular nonlinearities in the electro-hydraulic system and analyse the effect of nonlinearities in direct drive electro-hydraulic position servo system by means of simulation research. Some valuable conclusions are given.

Research and Development of Electro‑hydraulic Control Valves Oriented to Industry 4.0:A Review

Electro-hydraulic control valves are key hydraulic components for industrial applications and aerospace,which controls electro-hydraulic motion.With the development of automation,digital technology,and communication technology,electro-hydraulic control valves are becoming more digital,integrated,and intelligent in order to meet the requirements of Industry 4.0.This paper reviews the state of the art development for electro-hydraulic control valves and their related technologies.This review paper considers three aspects of state acquisition through sensors or indirect acquisition technologies,control strategies along with digital controllers and novel valves,and online maintenance through data interaction and fault diagnosis.The main features and development trends of electro-hydraulic control valves oriented to Industry 4.0 are discussed.

RESEARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW TYPE OF PROPORTIONAL PESSURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE

A new closed loop flow controlling principle through correcting the valve'sopening area while load pressure is changing is carried out. Further more a principle using only oneproportional valve to compound control pressure and flow is suggested. By using very simpleproportional throttle valve in structure, the functions that five kinds of proportional valves orany two of them combined possess can be complimented. After analyzing, comparing, and testing thedynamic and static characteristics of valve with different controlling principles and main valvestructure styles, the optimized structure styles and control methods are achieved.

Separate Control of High Frequency Electro-hydraulic Vibration Exciter

The working frequency of the conventional electro-hydraulic vibration exciters,which consist of a servo valve and a hydraulic cylinder,is generally restricted within a narrow range due to limited frequency response capability of the servo valve itself.To counteract such restriction,a novel scheme for an electro-hydraulic vibrator,controlled by a two-dimensional valve（2D valve） and a bias valve in parallel,is therefore proposed.The frequency,amplitude and offset are independently controlled by rotary speed,axial sliding of the spool of the 2D valve and axial sliding of the spool of the bias valve.The principle of separate control was presented and the regulation approach of frequency,amplitude and offset was discussed.A mathematical model of the hydraulic power mechanism for the proposed vibration exciter was established to investigate the relationship between the amplitude and the axial sliding of the 2D valve＇ spool,as well as that between the offset and the axial sliding of the bias valve＇s spool at various frequencies.An experimental system was built to validate the theoretical analysis.It is verified that the 2D exciter is capable of working smoothly in a frequency range of 5- 200 Hz.And its frequency,amplitude and offset can be controlled respectively by either closed loop or open loop method.There is a linear relationship between the output amplitude and the spool axial opening of the 2D valve until a point when the flow rate becomes saturate and the amplitude remains constant.The offset displacement of the cylinder＇s piston is linearly proportional to the axial displacement of the spool of the bias valve,when the valve opening is less than 25%.Thereafter,the slop of the offset curve decreases and tends to saturate.The proposed electro-hydraulic vibration controlled by the 2D valve not only facilitates the realization of high-frequency electro-hydraulic vibration,the high-accuracy of vibration can also be achieved by means of independent controls to the frequency,amplitude and offset.

Mechanism of electro-hydraulic exciter for new tamping device

A new tamping device which is driven by an electrohydraulic exciter was proposed to overcome the limitations of mechanically driven devices.The double-rod oscillation cylinder drives the tamping arm to realize vibration.A new spin valve was designed in order to fulfill dynamic state requirements of the oscillation cylinder.Parametric analysis was carried out by establishing mathematic model.Then,the relationships among the structure of valve port and the frequency,amplitude,output shock force of the cylinder were researched.An experimental device of the electrohydraulic exciter was established to validate the theoretical results.The signals were acquired by AVANT dynamic signal analyser of vibration.The results show that new tamping device can satisfy all kinds of complex working conditions with the flexible adjustment of frequency and amplitude.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE FLOW RATING ELECTROHYDRAULIC PROPORTIONAL CARTRIDGE VALVE

A kind of cartridge servo proportional valve is discussed, which can be used for controlling large flow rate with high performance. By analyzing the structure principle of the valve, the transfer fimction of the valve is derived. With the transfer function, some structure elements that may affect its performance are investigated. Through the numerical simulation and test study, some principles of optimality and effective methods for improving the dynamic performance of the valve are proposed. The test results conform to the results of the theoretical analysis and simulation, which proves the correctness of the study and simulation works. The paper provides theoretical basis for engineering applications and series expanding design works

Tri-state Modulation Power Driving of Electro-hydraulic Proportional Amplifier

Switch electro-hydraulic proportional amplifier（PA） widely employs single switch modulation power driving（SSMPD） or reverse discharging power driving（RDPD） at present. SSMPD has slow dynamic response, and can＇t adjust independently the dither signal＇s amplitude and frequency; RDPD accelerates the current decay; consequently, it increases current ripple and power loss. For the purpose of solving the above mentioned problem, the tri-state modulation power driving（TSMPD） scheme was proposed for improving the performance of power driving. Detailedly, the hardware circuit for the tri-state modulation power driving is designed; the tri-state modulation algorithm is realized by digital signal processor（DSP）. The tri-state modulation power driving is investigated by experiments, comparetive experiments among the single switch modulation power driving（SSMPD）, reverse discharging power driving（RDPD）, and the TSMPD are implemented, and the experimental results demonstrate that the linearity error of TSMDP meets the requirement of PA; the current response of TSMSP is the best; the amplitude of ripple current of the TSMPD can be reduced without increasing frequency of PWM, in addition, dither signal amplitude and frequency can be adjusted independently for each other. It is very meaningful to guide the development of high performance proportional amplifier for high frequency response proportional solenoid.

Study on Valve Management of DEH for Steam Turbine

Valve management is one of the major functions of DEH for steam turbine. It has an important practical significance for the security and economy of the steam turbine. This paper starts from the valve configuration figure of the domestic-type 300 MW steam turbine, and then makes a simple comparison between the two types of valve governing modes. In order to realize the valve control, the structure of control system has been established, in which the roles of the mathematical functions are discussed. On the basis of the experiment of valve flow characteristic, this article carries out a quantitative study on the functions of the valve management and the parameter tuning method. Through a serious corrections, the sequence valve flow characteristic curve is obtained, which can provide significant guidance on the research of valve management of the similar steam turbines.

Refined modeling and experimental verification of a torque motor for an electro-hydraulic servo valve

The Permanent Magnet Torque Motor(PMTM)is the key electro-mechanical conversion device in an Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve(EHSV).In this work,a refined model of a PMTM is developed,considering the non-working air-gaps between the upper or lower yoke and the armature,the fringing effect at the limiting holes,and the nonlinear permeability of soft magnetic material.Based on the refined model,the influences of various factors on the calculation accuracy of the magnetic flux at the pole surfaces of the armature and the output torque are investigated.For verifying the validity of the refined model,a Finite Element Analysis(FEA)of the PMTM is conducted,and a test platform is constructed.Compared with existing models,the refined model can better reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the PMTM,and its calculations are more consistent with the FEA results.The experimental results of the armature deflection displacement show that the refined model can accurately describe the output characteristics of the PMTM.

The Energy Balance of the Electro-Hydraulic Linear Actuation System

The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight ratio, high maximum force and good controllability. The disadvantages are limited frequency bandwidth and energy recovery. Each component of the EHVA system has certain energy consumption, which is characteristic to the component. In this study the power consumptions of the components are investigated by means of the simulation. The investigated components are a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a control valve, and hydraulic lines connecting the components. The pressure losses caused by the oil flow are most significant in the control valves, 50-60% of the total energy consumption. If the stored kinetic energy of the actuator and moving oil masses could be reused, the energy consumption could be up to 25% better.

伺服阀旋转直驱超声电机机理与特性

针对某旋转直驱式伺服阀对驱动电机小长径比紧凑型结构形式的设计要求,从伺服阀功率级200 Hz动态响应需求出发,设计了一款环形行波型超声电机。分析了超声电机的基本工作原理并建立了超声电机定子转子摩擦传动模型,搭建了超声电机特性测试实验台并进行了转矩-转速测试,实验结果与仿真结果一致,验证了电机设计的合理性。在此基础上,进行了超声电机驱动频率和驱动电压的影响特性分析,结果表明超声电机在49.8 kHz的驱动频率下具有最大的工作效率,驱动电压大于110 V时可以满足伺服阀转速与转矩工作需求,并且在49.8 Hz的驱动频率和110 V驱动电压条件下可以接近最大的工作效率。

微小流量旋转直驱伺服阀传控特性分析与优化

针对无人机、战术弹、支线民航等小型飞行器航空发动机燃油计量系统与推力矢量系统微小流量的伺服控制需求,就旋转直驱伺服阀偏心球副传动接口与非全周节流阀口等关键结构进行了尺寸约束设计分析,并就节流阀口宽度、球副偏心距以及驱动电机转动惯量等重要参数进行了优化分析,给出了伺服阀结构设计的优化区间。在此基础上,研究提出了电机转角与电流双闭环控制方法,幅频响应实测结果与理论分析较为一致,200 Hz以上高频响应满足实际需求,且双闭环控制方法大幅降低了伺服阀响应超调并提升了稳定性。

基于ADRC和模型预测控制的直驱伺服阀振荡抑制研究

直驱伺服阀因构造简单、抗污染能力强、输出功率大等突出优势,逐渐扩展其应用场景。作为飞控系统的关键部件之一,电液伺服阀的特性与可靠性直接关乎飞行性能与安全。本文针对某型航空用双系统直驱伺服阀存在的阀芯振荡问题,探究基于方法的伺服阀振荡抑制策略。建立了该直驱伺服阀系统的部件级数学模型,并与突变液流力模型联合运算;设计了自抗扰控制器(ADRC)和模型预测的复合控制方法,并与传统比例积分微分(PID)控制方法进行仿真对比。结果表明,ADRC和模型预测的复合控制方法对直线电机电流的高频小范围调节可有效抵消突变液流力对阀芯运动的影响,从而为直驱伺服阀在复杂受力环境下的控制器设计提供理论参考。

模拟换流阀长期运行工况的高压大功率晶闸管电热联合老化系统研制

近年来国内多个直流换流站发生严重事故,经调查发现事故起因多为长时间运行的换流阀晶闸管发生不同程度的老化甚至绝缘能力丧失。掌握晶闸管参数退化规律是开展晶闸管运维监测、预防此类事故继续发生的基础。因此为了深入了解换流阀晶闸管老化过程中特性参数退化规律与老化机理,首先需要搭建试验所需的模拟换流阀运行过程的晶闸管老化试验装置。文中首先分析了换流阀晶闸管的实际运行工况,并基于此设计了晶闸管电热联合老化主电路,接着对电路中涉及到的控制单元,包括绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的驱动电路与晶闸管的触发电路进行设计与搭建,并基于晶闸管的实际运行工况设计了晶闸管结温控制系统。为了获得晶闸管老化过程中特性参数的退化规律,设计了晶闸管漏电流在线监测系统与反向恢复离线测量系统。经过检验,各个模块以及主电路均能够保持长期稳定运行,为换流阀晶闸管的老化试验打下了良好基础。

正流量液压挖掘机多路阀阀口压力损失研究

挖掘机液压系统存在管道损失、溢流损失、节流损失及泄漏损失等问题,导致挖掘机作业过程中功率损失较大,能量利用率不高。为提高挖掘机液压系统功率利用率,以正流量挖掘机为研究对象,通过建立机电液联合仿真平台,针对多路阀压力损失较大的问题,提出改变主阀异形阀口区域过流面积的方法,以降低局部压力损失,提高液压系统的功率利用率。以铲斗联为例,改变铲斗主阀进出油口、合流阀口的过流面积及其之间的匹配,将铲斗动作的驱动效率提高了4%,降低了液压系统的功率损失,提高了液压系统的节能性能。