Phase equilibria relations in the V_(2)O_(5)-rich part of the Fe_(2)O_(3-)TiO_(2)-V_(2)O_(5) system at 1200℃ related to converter vanadium-bearing slag

The efficient recycling of vanadium from converter vanadium-bearing slag is highly significant for sustainable development and circular economy.The key to developing novel processes and improving traditional routes lies in the thermodynamic data.In this study,the equilibrium phase relations for the Fe_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)-V_(2)O_(5)system at 1200℃in air were investigated using a high-temperature equilibrium-quenching technique,followed by analysis using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.One liquid-phase region,two two-phase regions(liquid-rutile and liquid-ferropseudobrookite),and one three-phase region(liquid-rutile-ferropseudobrookite)were determined.The variation in the TiO_(2)and V_(2)O_(5)contents with the Fe_(2)O_(3)content was examined for rutile and ferropseudobrookite solid solutions.However,on further comparison with the predictions of FactSage 8.1,significant discrepancies were identified,highlighting that greater attention must be paid to updating the current thermodynamic database related to vanadium-bearing slag systems.

Bioleaching and biosorption behavior of vanadium-bearing stone coal by Bacillus mucilaginosus

The recovery of vanadium(V)from stone coal by bioleaching is a promising method.The bioleaching experiments and the biosorption experiments were carried out,aiming to explore the adsorption characteristics of Bacillus mucilaginosus(B.mucilaginosus)on the surface of vanadium-bearing stone coal,and the related mechanisms have been investigated.After bioleaching at 30℃ for 28 d,the cumulative leaching rate of V reached 60.2%.The biosorption of B.mucilaginosus on stone coal was affected by many factors.When the pH value of leaching system is 5.0,strong electrostatic attraction between bacteria and stone coal promoted biosorption.Bacteria in the logarithmic growth phase had mature and excellent biosorption properties.The initial bacterial concentration of 3.5×10^(8) CFU/mL was conducive to adhesion,with 38.9%adsorption rate and 3.6×10^(7) CFU/g adsorption quantity.The adsorption of B.mucilaginosus on the stone coal conformed to the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.Bacterial surface carried functional groups(-CH_(2),-CH_(3),-NH_(2),etc.),which were highly correlated with the adsorption behavior.In addition,biosorption changed the surface properties of stone coal,resulting in the isoelectric point(IEP)approaching the bacteria.The results could provide an effective reference for the adsorption laws of bacteria on minerals.

Impact of mica on geotechnical behavior of weathered granitic soil using macro and micro investigations

The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of WGS.This study prepares reconstituted WGS with different mica contents by removing natural mica in theWGS,and then mixes it with commercial mica powders.The geotechnical behavior as well as the microstructures of the mixtures are characterized.The addition of mica enables the physical indices of WGS to be specific combinations of coarser gradation and high permeability but high Atterberg limits.However,high mica content in WGS was found to be associated with undesirable mechanical properties,including increased compressibility,disintegration,and swelling potential,as well as poor compactability and low effective frictional angle.Microstructural analysis indicates that the influence of mica on the responses of mixtures originates from the intrinsic nature of mica as well as the particle packing being formed withinWGS.Mica exists in the mixture as stacks of plates that form a spongy structure with high compressibility and swelling potential.Pores among the plates give the soil high water retention and high Atterberg limits.Large pores are also generated by soil particles with bridging packing,which enhances the permeability and water-soil interactions upon immersion.This study provides a microlevel understanding of how mica dominates the behavior of WGS and provides new insights into the effective stabilization and improvement of micaceous soils.

加密资产服务提供者的监管优化——欧盟MiCA镜鉴与中国方案

加密资产服务提供者是以加密资产为载体,通过区块链技术为公众提供金融服务的主体。当前,区块链金融已成为各国争相布局的战略性产业。优化加密资产服务提供者的法律监管,是推进中国区块链金融稳步健康发展、突破数字经济发展瓶颈的关键环节。欧盟MiCA围绕加密资产服务提供者制定了系统性的监管规则,能为中国解决上述问题提供启示。因此,可以MiCA为镜鉴,构建以金监局为核心的跨部门有序协作机制,制定全方位的事前授权许可制度,实施分级分类的智慧监管,强化行政强制措施与行政处罚的力度。这不但能为中国区块链金融的稳健发展保驾护航,还有助于提升金融科技领域的国际制度性话语权,发挥全球引领作用。

欧盟MiCA法案评述及启示

为构建统一的加密资产市场监管格局,欧盟于2023年出台了《加密资产市场监管法案》,即MiCA法案。该法案作为欧盟数字金融战略一揽子计划的一部分,明确了法案的适用对象范围、加密资产的分类、监管主体及相应的信息报告制度、营业限制制度以及行为监管制度等,是迄今为止最全面的数字资产监管框架。文章在肯定MiCA法案重要意义的同时,也揭示其在适用对象、统一适用性程度以及稳定币的监管合作等方面可能存在的局限性。文章最后阐述MiCA法案对我国在完善对加密资产的监管思路、建立健全加密资产的法律监管框架、加大国际间的监管合作等方面的借鉴意义。

Behaviors of vanadium and chromium in coal-based direct reduction of high-chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates followed by magnetic separation

The reduction behaviors of FeO·V2O3 and FeO·Cr2O3 during coal-based direct reduction have a decisive impact on the efficient utilization of high-chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates. The effects of molar ratio of C to Fe n(C)/n(Fe) and temperature on the behaviors of vanadium and chromium during direct reduction and magnetic separation were investigated. The reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning election microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) techniques. Experimental results indicate that the recoveries of vanadium and chromium rapidly increase from 10.0% and 9.6% to 45.3% and 74.3%, respectively, as the n(C)/n(Fe) increases from 0.8 to 1.4. At n(C)/n(Fe) of 0.8, the recoveries of vanadium and chromium are always lower than 10.0% in the whole temperature range of 1100-1250 °C. However, at n(C)/n(Fe) of 1.2, the recoveries of vanadium and chromium considerably increase from 17.8% and 33.8% to 42.4% and 76.0%, respectively, as the temperature increases from 1100 °C to 1250 °C. At n(C)/n(Fe) lower than 0.8, most of the FeO·V2O3 and FeO·Cr2O3 are not reduced to carbides because of the lack of carbonaceous reductants, and the temperature has little effect on the reduction behaviors of FeO·V2O3 and FeO·Cr2O3, resulting in very low recoveries of vanadium and chromium during magnetic separation. However, at higher n(C)/n(Fe), the reduction rates of FeO·V2O3 and FeO·Cr2O3 increase significatly because of the excess amount of carbonaceous reductants. Moreover, higher temperatures largely induce the reduction of FeO·V2O3 and FeO·Cr2O3 to carbides. The newly formed carbides are then dissolved in the γ(FCC) phase, and recovered accompanied with the metallic iron during magnetic separation.

Synergetic strengthening mechanism of ultrasound combined with calcium fluoride towards vanadium extraction from low-grade vanadium-bearing shale

The effect and mechanism of ultrasound and CaF_(2) on vanadium leaching from vanadium-bearing shale were investigated systematically.In consideration of the enhancement for vanadium recovery,the combination of ultrasound and CaF_(2)(66.28%) exerts more evident effects than ultrasound(26.97%) and CaF_(2)(60.35%) alone,demonstrating the synergetic effect of ultrasound and CaF_(2).Kinetic analysis manifests that the product layer diffusion controls vanadium leaching in ultrasound system without CaF_(2),however product layer diffusion and interfacial reaction is the rate-controlling step for vanadium leaching in other three leaching systems.The combination of ultrasound and CaF_(2) notably decreases the activation energy(E_(a)) from 62.03 to 27.61 kJ/mol,nevertheless individual CaF_(2) only reduces the E_(a) to 50.70 kj/mol.X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectrometer analyses show that the decomposition degree of the vanadium-bearing mica structure is the most significant in ultrasound and CaF_(2) system,proving the highest release degree of vanadium.Specific surface area and pore distribution combined with scanning electron microscope analyses reveal that the action of ultrasound and CaF_(2) would provide higher specific surface area,more abundant pores structure and cracks for the particles,which further prompts the rapid diffusion of H^(+),F^(-)and HF,and achieves the conspicuous improvement of vanadium leaching recovery.

Vanadium extraction from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by selective chlorination using chloride wastes (FeClx)

Vanadium extraction of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite was investigated by selective chlorination. Thermodynamics analyses on the interactive reactions among related species in the system were made before the experiments. Some fundamental experiments for extracting vanadium by FeClx as chlorinating agent were conducted over the temperature range of 900-1300 K under air or oxygen atmosphere. The results show that vanadium can be extracted by the selective chlorination, using FeClx, based on thermodynamic analysis and experiment. Vanadium extraction ratio first increases with the increase of temperature, and then decreases with the increase of temperature over the range of 900-1300 K under air or oxygen atmosphere. The higher molar ratio of FeCI3 to oxides （nchl：noxd） reacting with FeC13, the higher ratio of vanadium extraction. Under oxygen atmosphere, the vanadium extraction ratio is up to 32% at 1100 K for 2 h by using FeCI3 as chlorinating agent.

Suspension roasting process of vanadium-bearing stone coal:Characterization,kinetics and thermodynamics

The thermodynamics,kinetics,phase transformation,and microstructure evolution of vanadium-bearing stone coal during suspension roasting were systematically investigated.Thermodynamic calculations showed that the carbon in the stone coal burned and produced CO_(2) in sufficient oxygen during roasting.The mass loss of stone coal mainly occurred within the temperature range from 600 to 840℃,and the thermal decomposition reaction rate increased to the peak at approximately 700℃.Verified by the Flynn−Wall−Ozawa(FWO)and Kissinger−Akahira−Sunose(KAS)methods,the thermal decomposition reaction of stone coal was described by the Ginstling−Brounshtein equation.The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factors were 136.09 kJ/mol and 12.40 s^(−1),respectively.The illite in stone coal lost hydroxyl groups and produced dehydrated illite at 650℃,and the structure of sericite was gradually destroyed.The surface of stone coal became rough and irregular as the temperature increased.Severe sintering occurred at the roasting temperature of 850℃.

耐高温柔性Mica/ZnO薄膜的制备与表征

以氟晶云母片为衬底,进行柔性ZnO透明导电薄膜(Mica/ZnO)的制备与表征。利用XRD和SEM表征可知,晶种水热法比直接水热法更有利于制备Mica/ZnO薄膜。研究发现,晶种水热法制备Mica/ZnO薄膜分为颗粒状ZnO晶体生长阶段、颗粒状ZnO晶体成长为棒状ZnO晶体阶段和棒状ZnO晶体成长三个阶段。采用晶种水热法制备Mica/ZnO薄膜适宜的晶化时间为26h,制备的致密棒状ZnO晶体长度约500nm左右。制备的Mica/ZnO薄膜可耐500℃以上的高温,为研究耐高温柔性ZnO透明导电薄膜提供更为丰富的柔性衬底材料和制备方法。

贵州苗族人群MICA和MICB基因多态性及单倍型分析

为了探讨贵州苗族人群主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)Ⅰ类链相关基因(MHC classⅠchain-related gene,MIC gene)MICA和MICB的分布特征,以丰富基因数据库中相关信息,进而研究某些疾病的遗传特征和进化史,采用基于序列特异性引物的聚合酶链反应(PCR-sequence-specific primer,PCR-SSP)和基于序列分型的聚合酶链反应(PCR-sequence-based typing,PCR-SBT)检测150例中国贵州苗族人群外周血DNA样本,分析该人群的MICA和MICB基因分布,用卡方检验对MICA和MICB基因分布频率的差异进行评估。基因分型结果显示,中国贵州苗族人群中MICA*019、MICA*045、MICA*008:04、MICA*002:01、MICA-A9、MICA-A4、MICB*005:02和MICB*002等位基因的频率显著高于其他等位基因。MICA和MICB等位基因的单倍型分析显示,MICA*019-MICB*005:02和MICA*008:04-MICB*005:02两种单倍型的分布频率较高,分别为17.40%和16.30%。PCR-SSP和PCR-SBT分析显示,MICA*010与MICB*005:02、MICA*002:01与MICB*005:02以及MICA*009:01与MICB*005:02这3种MICA和MICB等位基因存在连锁不平衡(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,中国贵州苗族人群MICA和MICB基因具有多态性且存在显著的连锁不平衡。本研究为中国少数民族MIC基因序列数据库提供了人群样本数据,该数据为研究MICA和MICB基因在同种异体移植和疾病易感性中的可能作用提供了基础资料。

两湖地区肺癌人群MICA基因分布比较分析

目的研究两湖地区中荆州和衡阳肺癌人群MICA等位基因分布差异。方法采用PCR-SSP和PCR-SBT方法对样本MICA等位基因的多态性进行检测。结果衡阳组和荆州组各检出8种MICA等位基因,其中衡阳组中未检出MICA*027,荆州组中未检出MICA*009N;荆州患者组中分布频率最高的3种等位基因是MICA*00201、MICA*019和MICA*010;衡阳患者组中分布频率最高的3种等位基因是MICA*010、MICA*00201和MICA*01201;两组之间MICA等位基因分布间存在统计学差异。衡阳组和荆州组检出的MICA等位基因型、MICA-STR等位基因分布频率和MICA-STR等位基因型均不相同,但分布总体比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论两湖地区肺癌人群MICA等位基因频率分布之间存在差异。

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段重力流砂岩长石溶蚀特征及控制因素

基于岩心薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射全岩分析及溶蚀实验,研究鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(简称长7段)重力流砂岩中长石溶孔发育特征及控制因素,明确长石溶孔的形成与分布,为预测优质储集层分布提供依据。研究表明:(1)研究区长7段砂岩中的长石经历3类成岩作用:长石次生加大、黏土以及方解石的交代、长石碎屑的溶蚀作用。(2)长7段致密砂岩中的长石溶蚀主要源于有机酸溶蚀,此外还受长石类型、长石早期蚀变程度以及砂岩中云母碎屑对有机酸的缓冲作用影响。(3)不同长石的溶蚀程度不同,表现为钾长石较斜长石易溶蚀,钾长石中正长石较微斜长石易溶,未蚀变的长石较早期高岭土或绢云母化的长石易溶蚀。(4)溶蚀实验显示云母的存在会抑制长石溶蚀,相同质量的云母对有机酸的消耗能力明显强于长石。(5)在云母含量低的情况下,长7段砂岩长石溶孔较为发育,储集层物性得以改善,而云母含量较高的地区长石溶孔则明显减少。

新疆白杨河铀矿区白色云母短波红外光谱及电子探针成分特征

铀是我国战略性关键金属资源之一,对科技发展和国家安全具有重要意义。新疆白杨河铀矿床是我国重要的热液型铀矿床,铀成矿过程中广泛发育白色云母。已有研究表明,白杨河铀矿床白色云母短波红外光谱蕴含着丰富的地质信息,记录了其形成热液环境及其与矿化的关系,但其短波红外光谱变化规律及其地质影响因素研究依然薄弱。因此,运用短波红外光谱技术和电子探针微区分析等分析方法对矿床白色云母进行分析研究。研究表明:白杨河铀矿床白色云母Al-OH特征吸收峰波长在2190和2220 nm之间漂移变化,电子探针化学组分表明其发生了明显的Tschermak(契尔马克)替换,Al-OH特征吸收峰波长直接受Mg和Fe含量以及Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值的影响,也受围岩成分的影响。Al-OH特征吸收峰波长较短的白色云母反映了相对高温的热液流体环境,而Al-OH特征吸收峰波长较长的白色云母则代表了相对低温的热液流体环境。白杨河铀矿床铀矿化点附近白色云母具有相对较短的Al-OH特征吸收峰波长、较大的ISM(伊利石光谱成熟度)值和较低的FWHM 2200(半峰宽)值。综合白色云母的Al-OH特征吸收峰波长、ISM值和FWHM2200值的空间变化规律,可以推断白杨河铀矿床的热液矿化中心位于杨庄花岗斑岩与上泥盆统火山岩的北部接触带。这不仅对完善白杨河铀矿床成因和深部与外围勘探具有重要的实际意义,对其他热液型金属矿产勘查亦具有重要的参考价值。

某低品位高钙萤石矿浮选试验研究

萤石与方解石的有效分离一直是选矿界的难题。某萤石矿中CaF_(2)含量(质量分数,下同)为17.71%,CaCO_(3)含量高达37.04%,S含量为1.98%,属含硫低品位高钙萤石矿,主要矿物为萤石、方解石和云母。矿石中萤石与脉石矿物嵌连关系复杂,针对矿石性质特点开发了先浮硫化矿、再浮萤石同步抑制硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的浮选工艺,以脂肪酸类CY-1为捕收剂、改性水玻璃和有机高分子CYH作为组合抑制剂,采用“浮硫-浮萤石1粗7精-中矿集中返回”流程,获得CaF_(2)品位为90.81%、回收率为75.25%的萤石精矿,实现了高钙萤石矿中萤石与方解石、云母的有效分离,为该矿石的开发利用提供了技术依据。

花岗伟晶岩分异演化与含矿性评价——从造岩矿物组构视角

高演化稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿过程是复杂和苛刻的,涉及到岩浆-热液过程热历史、岩浆迁移路径与成矿空间、侵位环境的过冷程度以及岩浆组分中稀有金属元素的初始富集等条件。而伟晶岩的分带特征是其形成过程的一种综合体现,不论是伟晶岩区域分带还是伟晶岩内部结构分带,都反映了伟晶岩岩浆结晶分异过程中岩浆的性质与形成环境,而这同时也赋予了造岩矿物在组构上的特殊性,形成遗传代码,对其进行解密,从而能够用于示踪与评估花岗伟晶岩的演化程度与成矿潜力。对于区域伟晶岩群的成矿潜力评估,由于含矿熔体在组分上的跨度较大,随着远离母体花岗岩体距离的增大,伟晶岩群演化程度增加,熔体中铁镁质组分以及Ca、Ba、Sr等碱土金属含量迅速降低,而挥发分、助熔剂组分、碱金属含量在残余熔体中逐渐增加,长石、云母与石英在类别和组构上产生显著变化;其中长石向钾-钠端元演化,且钠长石相对钾长石占据主导地位,云母由黑云母向白云母以及锂白云母转变,石英阴极发光特征与晶体结构及微量元素成分也表现出规律性的变化。受矿物晶格的限制,长石的K/Rb、K/Cs以及云母的K/Rb、K/Cs、Nb/Ta等比值特征能有效区分不同矿化潜力的伟晶岩群。石英的阴极发光特征能够揭示其生长环境与历史,石英的Li、Al、Ti、Ge等微量元素组成可以用来区分不同类型的伟晶岩矿床,并提供关于岩浆演化和成矿过程的重要线索。伟晶岩内部分带的形成主要受成矿熔体规模、过冷度以及成矿空间的封闭性等因素的控制,但在初始熔体成分上可以具有较大的变化。其中强分带型稀有金属伟晶岩记录了完整的岩浆-热液演化过程,不同阶段石英、长石和云母在晶体形态、微观结构以及微量元素组成上都具有显著变化。弱分带型稀有金属伟晶岩(钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩)的造岩矿物组分在伟晶岩内部变化不大,其受构造控制明显,在空间上与贫矿伟晶岩之间可具有较大的矿物组成差异,表明二者之间存在流动分异过程。而长距离(以更厚的地壳或大型拆离断层为标志)的熔体迁移正是形成超大型伟晶岩稀有金属矿床的有利要素。

MHCI类样分子(MICA)在部分肿瘤组织和肿瘤细胞系中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨MHCI类样分子(MICA)在肿瘤组织和肿瘤细胞系中的表达及其临床意义。方法:分别采用半定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测肿瘤组织和肿瘤细胞系MICA表达,MTT法测定NK细胞细胞毒活性。结果:人红白血病细胞K562、喉癌细胞系Hep2、宫颈癌细胞系Hela、肝癌细胞系HepG2和结直肠癌细胞系HT29均有MICAmRNA和蛋白表达,而人Burkitt淋巴瘤Raji和高转移肺癌PG不表达MICA。MICA表达阳性的肿瘤细胞对NK杀伤敏感性明显高于MICA阴性者。多数肿瘤组织存在MICAmRNA和蛋白表达,但并非在所有肿瘤均有表达,癌旁组织均无MICA表达。结论:肿瘤细胞表达MICA可激发NK细胞对肿瘤的杀伤,NKG2D及其配体的相互作用在肿瘤免疫监视中起着非常重要的作用,肿瘤细胞分泌sMICA分子为肿瘤发生免疫逃逸的机制之一。

广州地区106例汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座单体型研究

利用聚合酶链反应和荧光(6-FAM)自动化检测技术对广东地区汉族106例无亲缘关系样本进行MICA基因外显子5和MICB基因内含子1微卫星基因座多态性及其单体型分布调查。根据群体资料估算两者间的单体型频率、连锁不平衡参数、相对连锁不平衡参数。结果显示,广州地区汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡法则,共检出MICA微卫星基因座5个等位基因,MICB微卫星基因座14个等位基因。其中MICA A5基因频率最高(0.2877),A4基因频率最低(0.1321)。MICB CA14等位基因频率最高(0.3255),CA19、CA28等位基因频率最低(0.0047),未检出CA27。21种MICA-MICB单体型频率大于1％(连锁不平衡参数>0),其中单体型A5-CA14(16.73％),A5.1-CA18(8.75％),A4-CA26(3.76％),A9-CA15(3.66％)和A6-CA21(2.61％)为强连锁常见单体型(x^2>3.84,P<0.05)。

MICA基因微卫星多态在中国13个群体中的分布

通过对中国 1 3个群体 (云南汉族、广东汉族、山东汉族、白族、傣族、拉族、黎族、纳西族、撒拉族、畲族、土族、佤族和云南藏族 )共 5 77例无亲缘关系的研究对象的DNA样本进行MICA基因微卫星扫描分型 ,获得了该微卫星的不同等位基因在各群体中的遗传数据。结果表明 ,该微卫星在不同群体中的分布存在差异 ,并有较高的多态信息含量 (PIC) ,是一个有用的遗传标记 ,在人类进化研究、个体识别、亲子鉴定。

可溶性MICA在乳腺癌免疫逃逸中的作用

目的:观察乳腺癌患者血清中可溶性MICA(sMI-CA)表达情况,探讨sMICA在乳腺癌免疫逃逸中的作用。方法:ELISA方法检测乳腺肿瘤患者外周血sMICA的分泌。流式细胞术(FCM)检测sMICA及白细胞介素15(IL-15)对NK细胞表面NKG2D表达的影响。MTT法检测NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果:ELISA结果显示,血清sMICA含量在健康成年人血清中为阴性,在乳腺良性肿瘤患者血清中含量为(76.8±22.3)ng/L,在恶性肿瘤患者血清中含量为(205.36±71.27)ng/L,乳腺癌患者中血清sMICA含量高低与TNM分期呈正相关。应用含sMICA的血清与NK细胞共培养可明显下调NK细胞的杀瘤活性[(76.2±6.7)%vs(48.4±4.1)%],NK细胞表面NKG2D表达和上清中IFN-γ分泌量也下降。IL-15明显上调NK细胞表面NKG2D表达,增加培养上清IFN-γ分泌量和增强NK对MCF-7的杀瘤活性。结论:sMICA表达与乳腺癌TNM分期正相关,sMICA通过下调NK细胞NKG2D表达水平而降低NK细胞杀瘤活性,在肿瘤免疫逃逸中起重要作用。IL-15可以上调NK细胞NKG2D的表达并增强NK细胞杀瘤活性。