Effect of Rotating Speed Fluctuation on External Hydraculic Performance of a Vane Pump

The rotating speed fluctuation for turbomachinery is a common problem, which will cause severe destruction for equipments and basis when the fluctuation is very strong. In this paper,in order to study the transient response characteristics of a radial vane pump subjected to slight( 5%) and strong( 20%)fluctuating rotational speeds, the variation characteristics of the external hydraulic performances are numerically predicted by means of computational fluid dynamics( CFD) technology. The results manifest that the responses of head and flow rate are different relative to the fluctuating characteristics of rotational speed. The response of the former is very satisfied in synchronism,while that of the latter is hysteretic. Meanwhile,it is found that the variation tendencies of the static pressures at the inlet and outlet of the pump are completely opposite, while the response characteristics of the dynamic pressures at the inlet and outlet are nearly identical.Subsequently,in order to further reveal the transient behavior during the instantaneous operating periods,two non-dimensional parameters are employed to deeply analyze it. The result shows that the variation tendencies of these two parameters are also approximately opposite.Moreover,the quasi-steady assumption is not able to be used to accurately assess the transient flow during transient operating periods. The comparison results show that the transient behavior does not show obvious distinctions between slight and strong fluctuating rotating speeds.

CALCULATION OF SPLITTING VANES AND INNER FLOW ANALYSIS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER

The calculation method for vane numbers is obtained on the intention that it should have no back flow area in the flow passage of centrifugal passage.Then a criterion that the design of splitting vanes of centrifugal compound impeller should ensure that the back flow area ratio be the minimum is proposed.On the basis of the criterion, the slippery theory is used as one of CFD methods to analyze the inner flow field of the impeller of various kinds of splitting vanes design, therefore, the optimized design of splitting vanes is obtained and which agrees with that of some testing results.

Transient simulation of a pump-turbine with misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up

Experimental studies of a model pump-turbine S-curve characteristics and its improvement by misaligned guide vanes(MGV) were extended to prototype pump turbine through 3-D transient flow simulations. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the SST turbulence model were used to model the transient flow within the entire flow passage of a reversible pump-turbine with and without misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up. The unstable S-curve and its improvement by using misaligned guide vane were verified by model test and simulation. The transient flow calculations were used to clarify the variations of pressure pulse and internal flow behavior in the entire flow passage. The use of misaligned guide vanes can eliminate the S-curve characteristics of a pump-turbine, and can significantly increase the pressure pulse amplitude in the entire flow passage and the runner radial forces during start-up. The MGV only decreased the pulse amplitude on the guide vane suction side when the rotating speed was less than 50% rated speed. The hydraulic reason is that the MGV dramatically changed the flow patterns inside the entire flow passage, and destroyed the symmetry of the flow distribution inside the guide vane and runner.

Effect of guide vane outlet angle on pump performance and impeller radial force in an axial-flow heart pump

To study the effect of guide vane outlet angle on pump performance and impeller radial force in an axial-flow heart pump,guide vane outlet angle β4 is considered to be 20°,15°,10°,5° and 3°respectively. Based on ANSYS Fluent,numerical results of pump head and efficiency are validated by experiment results,in which Xanthan gum solutions are used with concentration of 0.06 wt. % as working fluid. Then,the effects of β4 on pump performance and impeller radial force are discussed,the errors of head and efficiency between test and simulation are within 5%. The results also indicate that the pump performance and efficiency are much better than those of other angles when guide vane outlet angle β4 is 10°,and the maximum variations in head and efficiency are 1. 9% and2. 2%,respectively. With β4 increasing,the pulsation of radial force decreases firstly and then increases,when β4 is 10°,the minimum pulsation is 0.0392 N,which is about 80% of the maximum pulsation amplitude.

Influence of long and short guide vanes on hydraulic performance of water-jet pump

Different guide vane structures will affect the flow inside the pump,and then affect the transformation of the pressure energy and kinetic energy,and change the velocity distribution of the pump outlet.In order to study the influence of long and short guide vanes on the water-jet pump,on the basis of conventional design,eight schemes of guide vane with different vertical heights were designed in the method of computational fluid dynamics for numerical calculation,the performance curve of water-jet pumps with different long and short guide vanes was obtained,and finally the influence of different guide vanes on hydraulic performance and internal flow was analyzed.The results show that all of schemes reducing the height of blade can improve the head and efficiency.In the schemes reducing the height on the shroud,the guide vanes that the height of the blade is equal to the height difference between hub and shroud in impeller have the highest head and efficiency.In all schemes decreasing the blade height,with the increase of the height difference,the velocity increases gradually and the distribution of turbulence kinetic energy becomes more reasonable in the guide vane outlet.The schemes reducing the height on the hub have more reasonable distribution of velocity and turbulence kinetic energy according to schemes reducing the height on the shroud.The guide vanes of long and short blades can be used to stagger the position of the diffusion flow generated by adjacent blades,which can reduce the effect of the velocity circulation and make the flow of the outlet position more stable.

基于AMESim的新型变排量机油泵建模与仿真研究

以一种新型叶片柱塞复合形式的二级变量叶片泵为研究对象,其主要特点是将叶片顶端嵌入到定子中,转子、叶片、定子同时转动,减小了高速时的叶片冲击。推导叶片柱塞复合作用下泵的瞬时流量特性公式。基于AMESim仿真平台搭建比例电磁阀、瞬时流量、变量机构模型,并对二级变量叶片泵特性进行仿真,并通过台架试验进行相关验证。实验结果表明:该泵在中低速下压力-流量曲线吻合较好,说明流量和变排量建模准确;加减速曲线说明泵在比例阀不同占空比时,压力调节具有稳定性。

导叶安装角度对离心泵叶轮结构特性的影响

为提高带导叶蜗壳式离心泵的运行稳定性,研究了不同导叶安装角度对离心泵性能及叶轮结构力学响应的影响.以某带导叶蜗壳泵为研究对象,首先对其进行流场数值模拟,再通过静态和瞬态结构分析模块将水压力载荷导入叶轮结构,以实现单向流固耦合分析,研究不同导叶安装角度下叶轮变形与等效应力变化规律,最后通过模态分析研究叶轮结构的振动特性.结果表明:随着导叶安装角度减小,泵的高效区向小流量工况偏移,并且最高效率逐渐增大,最大提高2.1%;单向流固耦合分析得到的稳态结果与瞬态结果规律一致,其中叶轮最大变形量和最大等效应力值都随流量的增大而减小,在设计工况附近,都随导叶安装角度的减小而减小,最大差值为3.3%,且最大等效应力值变化的幅值较小;预应力对叶轮干模态固有频率的影响可忽略不计,与干模态对比,湿模态下的固有频率有较显著下降.

改变导叶翼型对水泵水轮机“S”特性的影响

针对水泵水轮机“S”特性区域的不稳定性问题,提出使用改型活动导叶翼型进行性能提升.以某水泵水轮机模型为研究对象,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对水泵水轮机全流道进行三维数值计算,通过对活动导叶翼型的改型设计,得出流量-转速模拟曲线,分析水泵水轮机组“S”特性改善情况.将计算与试验结果进行对比,并对改型活动导叶翼型前后机组的无叶区进行压力脉动分析.结果表明:在保证整体效率依然保持在92%附近的前提下,新的活动导叶翼型对机组的“S”特性依旧具有改善效果;无叶区压力脉动主要是受到活动导叶叶栅区域的分流在此重新聚集影响,并且与转轮叶片的动静相互扰动引起的;改型后的活动导叶降低了无叶区的压力脉动幅值,提升了水泵水轮机运行中的并网稳定性.

滚柱式叶片泵凹槽腔内流场分析

通过使用流体仿真软件ANSYS/Fluent,采用动网格的方式,在滚柱自转速度为13589 r/min时,对滚柱式叶片泵凹槽腔内的流场特性进行仿真分析。滚柱在凹槽腔内缩回和伸出运动分别对应排油和吸油状态,主要阐明了滚柱在这两种运动状态下,凹槽腔内流场的压力与速度矢量的变化情况。

导叶叶片数对LNG四级潜液泵轴向力及首级叶轮流场的影响研究

应用CFD技术研究了导叶叶片数对LNG潜液泵首级叶轮压力和轴向力分布的影响,对一、三级导叶同时设计7、8、9三种叶片数,采用K-epsilon湍流模型进行了多工况数值模拟,并采用液氮工质进行了相关外特性试验验证,得到LNG泵内部首级叶轮压力分布以及轴向力特性。结果表明:潜液泵所受总轴向力在导叶数为8时最小,泵的整体效率最优。作用在首级叶轮上后盖板的轴向力大于前盖板。其中,导叶数为8时首级叶轮前后盖板轴向力最小,压力分布最均匀;而导叶数为9时,与叶轮叶片数9相同,运转时会有共同的倍频出现,在相同的倍频上振动累加,并诱发共振,导致前后盖板的轴向受力最大,叶轮前盖板所受轴向力相对于其他方案平均增加了3.45%;后盖板轴向受力绝对值平均增加1.88%。综上,导叶数为8时潜液泵的水力效率最优。

导叶安放位置对离心泵蜗壳水力损失影响的数值研究

针对导叶安放位置对蜗壳水力损失影响的问题,对不同导叶安放位置下离心泵水动力特性进行了数值分析,并加以试验验证。首先,选取了5组不同的导叶安放位置,并开展了外特性试验以验证数值模拟结果的准确性;其次,基于数值模拟结果,分析了导叶安放位置对过流部件总压降变化的影响规律;然后,采用回转面展开的方式,研究了不同导叶位置下蜗壳进口来流条件变化,分析了导叶位置对蜗壳来流的影响;最后,分析蜗壳流道由进口至出口的总压变化规律,结合流场分布分析了导叶位置对蜗壳水力损失影响规律。研究结果表明:不同导叶位置下离心泵扬程和效率最大差异分别约为4.8%和3.5%;受蜗壳出口段漩涡影响严重,蜗壳水力损失变化明显高于其他部件;在θd 4位置时,出口段漩涡影响最小,蜗壳水力损失显著下降;隔舌位于导叶流道中间位置时,蜗壳来流均匀,蜗壳水力损失显著下降,泵性能更优。

抽水蓄能机组水轮机工况启动过程内部流场分析

本文采用CFD数值模拟的方法,模拟计算了抽水蓄能机组在水轮机工况启动过程内部流场特征。得到了在活动导叶开启过程中的速度、压力随时间的瞬态分布规律,讨论了蓄能机组开启过程中外特性的变化曲线。结果表明:活动导叶的开启规律可以大体分为五个阶段。活动导叶的开启规律是先缓慢开启,然后以较快的速度关闭,最后再保持到空载的开度,从第四阶段,导叶再逐渐打开直到额定开度。转轮扭矩和机组流量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当导叶逐渐打开时,转轮扭矩和机组流量再逐渐上升。本文为研究蓄能机组水轮机工况下启动过程的内部流动变化提供了参考依据,同时对提高水轮机工况的启动稳定性具有重要意义。

用于催化裂化装置强制循环泵的三元导叶设计方法及性能分析研究

强制循环泵是催化裂化装置烟气热量回收系统中重要的水循环动力设备,蜗壳为半球形结构带导叶的LUV型泵是一种广泛应用的强制循环泵,其导叶结构对泵的性能有着至关重要的影响。本文针对强制循环泵二元导叶在不同叶高处的进口叶片安装角与水流角不匹配的问题,发展了采用后盖板和前盖板的叶片中弧线角度分布和叶片厚度分布来构建叶型的三元导叶叶片结构设计方法,并数值研究了导叶后盖板和前盖板处进出口叶片安装角对泵额定工况效率和内部流动特性的影响。结果表明:随着前后盖板叶片进出口安装角中一个变量的增大,额定流量点效率均先增大后减小;设计的三元导叶方案比二元导叶方案在额定工况下的效率提高了0.9%;后盖板附近的叶片安装角与水流角的匹配性对泵的效率起到了更加重要的作用;三元导叶方案在后盖板附近0.1叶高截面上进口水流角与叶片安装角的匹配关系得到改善,此截面上的旋涡区减少,导叶内的能量耗散减小。

水泵水轮机非同步导叶启动工况三维模拟研究

水泵水轮机低水头启动时,空载工况附近S特性明显,工况点进入后,机组宏观参数易发生振荡。为研究低水头启动工况机组快速稳定的内流机理,设置非同步导叶,引入调速器参数,通过三维模拟分析启动全过程宏观参数、压力脉动与流态的演变规律。结果表明,启动过程初期导叶同步开启,转速较小,转轮叶道内产生大范围失速涡,压力呈低频高幅值波动;转速上升过程中,流态逐渐平顺,压力脉动逐渐降低;进入调速器调节阶段后,工况点进入S区,压力脉动呈高频高幅值,而非同步导叶破坏了无叶区产生的高速水环,促使机组快速稳定。

基于CFD的水泵水轮机水泵工况驼峰性能评判研究

以两个水泵水轮机模型转轮为研究对象,联合分析了单流道计算结果与模型试验结果,形成了不同转轮方案“驼峰”性能比较的CFD评判方法,对水力设计时“驼峰”性能的优化提供了理论指导,同时对转轮和活动导叶在压力系数“转折点”和“驼峰”谷点工况下进行了内部流态分析,对“驼峰”现象的产生原因有了更加深入的了解。结果表明:转轮对比时,压力系数“转折点”流量系数越小,模型试验得到的“驼峰”谷点流量系数越小,压力系数越高,“驼峰”裕度越大;活动导叶近顶盖区域的不稳定流动是单流道计算时压力系数曲线出现“转折点”的主要原因;转轮内部分流体从低压边近上冠侧向高压边近下环侧的流动导致活动导叶近底环区域产生复杂的紊流,严重堵塞了流道,导叶的过流能力下降,是水泵工况出现“驼峰”现象的内因。

Comparisons between numerical calculations and measurements in vaned diffuser of SHF impeller

The paper presents analysis of the performance and the internal flow behaviour in the vaned diffuser of a radial flow pump using PIV(particle image velocimetry)and pressure probe traverses.PIV measurements have already been performed at middle height inside one diffuser channel passage for a given speed of rotation and various mass flow rates.These results have been already presented in several previous communications.New experiments have been performed using a three-hole pressure probe traverses from hub to shroud diffuser width at different radial locations between the two diffuser geometrical throats.Numerical simulations are also realized with the commercial codes Star CCM+7.02.011 and CFX.Frozen rotor and fully unsteady calculations of the whole pump have been performed.Comparisons between numerical results,previous experimental PIV results and new probe traverses one's are presented and discussed for one mass flow rate.In this respect,a first attempt to take into account fluid leakages between the rotating and fixed part of the pump has been checked since it may affects the real flow structure inside the diffuser.

基于PumpLinx的两型滑片泵高原性能仿真研究

为了研究高原环境下滑片泵流量减少的原因,进行了进口绝对压力对滑片泵内部流动特性的影响研究。采用专业的运动模拟软件PumpLinx对两型滑片泵内部流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明:随着进口绝对压力的降低,在各个转速情况下,滑片泵内的空化范围越大,含气率越高,空化越严重,导致滑片泵的流量不断减少,并且下降的幅度越来越大。在相同的进口压力情况下,滑片泵转速越高,滑片泵里面的空化范围越大,含气率越高,空化越严重。

八次方定子曲线对叶片泵动态性能的影响

为了降低叶片泵在原油开采过程中的振动,应尽量消除其由于加速度突变而造成的运行冲击。通过推导八次方曲线方程,得到定子内腔过渡曲线的数学模型。采用MATLAB软件对过渡曲线进行拟合。为了验证该叶片泵的动态性能,设计了实验方案,进行叶片泵变速和变压实验。实验结果表明:在500 r/min转速下,扬程达到23.14 m,流量达到2.44 m^(3)/h,满足了低速设计要求;叶片泵对外部压力负载有一定的要求,其最大值不能超过0.5 MPa,若超过此值,叶片泵将失去自吸能力;随着转速的提高,其流量和噪声增大;随着压力负载增大,流量呈先上升后下降的趋势,噪声总体呈上升趋势,但在压力负载大于0.25 MPa后上升有所缓慢,泵内流量逐渐趋近于0,此时泵的噪声主要来源于叶片与定子的摩擦。研究结果为减小叶片泵的振动和噪声以及叶片泵结构的进一步优化提供了参考。

EXPERIENCE WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST IMPELLER PUMPS (Design and Construction)

Basic problems in the design and construction of impeller pumps were analysed with appropriate equations. Attention was focused on the reduction of the velocity variations. Newton shear, Renolds shear, velocity distributions, stream surfaces were discussed pertaining to axial, radial and mixed-flow impellers. Practical experience of the fabrication of impeller pumps based on the equations exposed was presented with illustrations. Advantages of such pumps are remarkable energy saving, obvious miniaturization and sensible reduction of hemolysis. Careful modifications were carried out on many points among them: impiller form, vane angle, stream surface polish, magnet-ferrofluid friction free seal, rotor concentricity and its rotational equilibrium, the pre-rotational swirl of blood flow at the pump inlet, all must be treated carefully following the theoretical require ments. The soundness of the design and the practical feasibility of the proposed equations have resulted in impeller pumps with encouraging preliminary results.