A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Mass Propagation of <i>Vanilla planifolia</i>

The present study describes a direct shoot regeneration-based micropropagation procedure for Vanilla planifolia. Two types of explant (i.e. shoot apex and stem nodal segment) were screened for their shoot induction potential following a three-month treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and &#945-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Results indicated that the shoot apices were poor candidates for shoot induction whereas the stem nodal segments showed potential for shoot initiation at a rate of up to 6 shoots/explant. Stem nodal segments were the most responsive as shoots formed (55 shoots) directly following treatments with 1 mg/L BAP at half strength MS medium after the third subculture. In addition, more shoots were produced on solid medium treatments compared to the liquid medium treatments in two strengths of mediums tested. Regenerated plantlets derived from the 1 mg/L of BAP treatment were induced to root following a one month culture in growth regulator-free MS medium. There was 90% survival rate of the rooted plantlets after acclimatization in the greenhouse. The findings in the present study would be helpful for large-scale mass propagation of Vanilla planifolia using this simple and efficient protocol.

Effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i>F-6 on Promoting Vanilla (<i>Vanilla planifolia</i>Andrews.) Plant Growth and Controlling Stem and Root Rot Disease

A lipopeptide-producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus (F-6), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) plant cultivated on a plantation under 21 years of continuous cropping with vanilla. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the green fluorescent protein-tagged F-6 (F-6-gfp) and its bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) on vanilla plant growth and stem and root rot disease, using the same plantation soil. The application of BIO significantly increased the vanilla plant root, stem and leave dry weights;however, there was not a significant difference between the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment and the control. Meanwhile, the BIO application also significantly reduced the severity of stem and root rot disease compared to the control. The rhizosphere soil population of Fusarium was approximately 10-fold smaller in the BIO treatment compared to the control treatment at 150 days after transplantation. The number of B. cereus F-6-gfp in the rhizosphere soil of the BIO treatment remained significantly higher than that of the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment throughout the experiment. In conclusion, F-6-gfp successfully colonized the rhizosphere soil in the BIO treatment, promoting vanilla plant growth, reducing the disease severity index, and decreasing the Fusarium population number, helping to remove barriers to the continuous cropping of vanilla.

Integral Representations for the Price of Vanilla Put Options on a Basket of Two-Dividend Paying Stocks

This paper presents integral representations for the price of vanilla put options, namely, European and American put options on a basket of two-dividend paying stocks using integral method based on the double Mellin transform. We show that by the decomposition of the integral equation for the price of American basket put option, the integral equation for the price of European basket put option can be obtained directly.

Effect of Phytoestrogen Activity on hFOB 1.19 Osteoblast Cells of Vanilla Siamensis

The unsaponifiable compounds derived from the fresh green beans of Vanilla siamens＆ Rol. ex. Dow were assayed for the first time to detect their estrogenic activity. We used a simple screening method using the yeast two hybrid system based on the binding of a ligand to estrogen receptors. Yeast cells carrying the hER （human estrogen receptor） gene, ERE （estrogen response elements） and lacZ （β-galactosidase gene） are very suitable for screening and sensitive analysis of estrogenic compound. Our results showed that V. siamensis plant extracts bind with relatively affinity to YES- hERa was 2.27-fold the relative potency ofestradiol （E2） in YES-hERa. The effects of phytoestrogen activity on the osteoblast cells were examined on the proliferation of hFOB 1.19 cells and the bone mineralization process. V. siamens＆ was a positive screening result and induced mineralization ofosteoblasts. This study indicated that V. siamensis plant extract exhibited the characteristic effects of a nature bone promoter compound as phytoestrogen.

Antioxidant Capacity in Vanilla Extracts Obtained by Applying Focused Microwaves

ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the main compounds of vanilla (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid) was also carried out. Vanilla extracts obtained by using focused microwaves had a higher AC (between 72% and 117%) than the obtained by conventional methods. Vanillin had a linear correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and it is the most influential compound in the antioxidant power. The AC calculated by the ORAC method and the FI-FC method had a ratio 2:1 because of different kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the antioxidants with the reagents, so it is necessary more than one method to establish the antioxidant power in food. On base on the results of the present study microwaves energy can be used to obtain vanilla extracts to improve the AC of them.

基于Vanilla算法的网络视频推荐策略研究

伴随移动互联网和通信技术的发展,人们对视频的需求日益凸显,互联网带来更多便捷的同时也带来了信息过载的问题.视频推荐系统的优点在于帮助视频网站挖掘用户的偏好信息,从人们精准信息获取的需求出发,以视频播放网站为研究对象,研究视频推荐算法的实现和视频推荐策略的生成,首先分析了已有视频推荐算法存在的问题,其次,借助Vanilla算法和专家排序的方法规避视频评分的个体差异性,再次,在最近邻用户选择的过程中,充分考虑社交网络中的情境信息,进而改善了推荐数据有效性和预测准确度的问题.最后,提取爱奇艺视频网站的实验数据,验证了推荐策略的科学性和有效性.

A chromosome-level,haplotype-phased Vanilla planifolia genome highlights the challenge of partial endoreplication for accurate wholegenome assembly

Vanilla planifolia, the species cultivated to produce one of the world’s most popular flavors, is highly proneto partial genome endoreplication, which leads to highly unbalanced DNA content in cells. We report herethe first molecular evidence of partial endoreplication at the chromosome scale by the assembly and annotation of an accurate haplotype-phased genome of V. planifolia. Cytogenetic data demonstrated that thediploid genome size is 4.09 Gb, with 16 chromosome pairs, although aneuploid cells are frequentlyobserved. Using PacBio HiFi and optical mapping, we assembled and phased a diploid genome of 3.4 Gbwith a scaffold N50 of 1.2 Mb and 59 128 predicted protein-coding genes. The atypical k-mer frequenciesand the uneven sequencing depth observed agreed with our expectation of unbalanced genome representation. Sixty-seven percent of the genes were scattered over only 30% of the genome, putatively linkinggene-rich regions and the endoreplication phenomenon. By contrast, low-coverage regions (non-endoreplicated) were rich in repeated elements but also contained 33% of the annotated genes. Furthermore, this assembly showed distinct haplotype-specific sequencing depth variation patterns, suggesting complexmolecular regulation of endoreplication along the chromosomes. This high-quality, anchored assemblyrepresents 83% of the estimated V. planifolia genome. It provides a significant step toward the elucidationof this complex genome. To support post-genomics efforts, we developed the Vanilla Genome Hub, a userfriendly integrated web portal that enables centralized access to high-throughput genomic and other omicsdata and interoperable use of bioinformatics tools.

香荚兰浸膏的制备和酶促生香工艺优化

为探究香荚兰浸膏的酶促生香工艺,对香荚兰浸膏进行β-葡萄糖苷酶酶解并对酶解条件进行研究。以香荚兰豆荚为试材,采用乙醇为提取溶剂,索式提取法制备香荚兰浸膏。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化酶促生香工艺,提取物中香兰素含量以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测得。结果表明,最佳酶促生香工艺条件为:加酶量62.5 U/g,酶解温度35℃,酶解时间26 h,料液比1∶8(g/mL),该工艺条件下香荚兰浸膏中香兰素含量最高。上述结果表明酶促生香工艺可明显提高香荚兰浸膏中香兰素的含量,具有潜在的生产应用价值。

香草兰精油Pickering乳液制备、性质及功能性研究

为对植物精油进行有效保护,控制其缓慢释放并扩大其应用范围,以香草兰精油为原料,通过剪切超声技术制备以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉(OSA淀粉)为固体颗粒的Pickering乳液,测定其在贮藏期间的稳定性及香气释放速率,探究乳液消化过程中的变化,并对精油及乳液的抗炎性和MCF-7细胞抗增殖性进行对比。结果表明,香草兰精油Pickering乳液液滴表面光滑,颗粒完整,最小粒径为0.54μm。Pickering乳液可有效提高精油贮藏稳定性。与香草兰精油相比,乳液有效降低内部精油的香气释放率约100倍。Pickering乳液具有显著的抗消化能力,游离脂肪酸释放率在120 min内达到22.35%。香草兰精油制备Pickering乳液后依旧保持较高的抗炎活性,与未经处理的MCF-7细胞相比,二者均具有较强抗增殖作用。结论:用OSA淀粉稳定香草兰精油制备的Pickering乳液可有效增加精油溶解度,提高稳定性,扩大应用范围。本试验可为香草兰精油的应用,特别是功能性物质的应用提供理论依据。

产β-D-葡萄糖苷酶菌株筛选及其在香草兰豆荚发酵生香中的应用

本研究从发酵后的香草兰豆荚中筛选出产β-D-葡萄糖苷酶的微生物菌株,并将筛选出的菌株应用到香草兰发酵过程中,以提高发酵豆荚品质。采用七叶苷选择培养基传统分离培养方法,从发酵后的香草兰豆荚中筛选出可产β-D-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株,鉴定每株菌的菌株同源性,测量每株菌产β-D-葡萄糖苷酶酶活,绘制2株产酶较高的菌株系统发育树,并将产酶最高的2株菌按照不同组合喷洒至发酵中的香草兰豆荚中,测定其发酵豆荚香兰素含量、香兰素葡萄糖苷含量和挥发性成分。结果表明:从产自马达加斯加(M)的香草兰发酵豆荚中共筛选出9株菌、产自中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所(S)的香草兰发酵豆荚中筛选到12株菌,检测出的15株菌均为芽孢杆菌,其中M3、S7的β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活力较高。使用M3、S7以不同组合添加喷菌发酵试验的豆荚中,只喷M3的发酵豆荚香兰素含量最高为2.25%,M3与S7按照体积比1∶1喷洒处理的香兰葡萄糖苷含量下降最多,为80.7%,只喷M3的发酵豆荚鉴定出挥发性物质34种。本研究成功筛选出产β-D-葡萄糖苷酶的功能微生物,并利用筛选出的微生物辅助香草兰豆荚发酵生香,可用于提升香草兰豆荚品质。

香荚兰香草醛的理化分析和药物动力学

香荚兰的药用价值备受关注。本文分析香荚兰不同部位VOCs的共有主成分,以人血清白蛋白(human serum albumin,HSA)、β-乳球蛋白(β-lactoglobulin,β-La)及α-乳清蛋白(α-lactalbumin,α-La)为模板蛋白质,建立“固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术-多光谱技术-物理建模-药代动力学”(solid phase microextraction gas chromategraphy-mass spectrometry-multisp-ectral technique-physical modeling-pharmacokinetics,S-M-P-P)链式方法,解析香荚兰共有主成分的输运机制及药效机理。结果表明,香荚兰不同部位共有主VOCs为香草醛(vanillin,Van),其通过静态猝灭作用减弱了HSA/β-La/α-La的内源性荧光,并与HSA形成氢键和范德华力,与β-La/α-La则通过疏水作用力形成非共价复合物。两者间相互作用促进了Van在体内向肠道和肝组织的转运,并被CYP1A2和CYP2C9酶代谢,从而发挥其药理效果。该研究全面而深入地探讨了香荚兰VOCs的输运机制及药理效果,为理解植物源挥发性有机物的药用潜力提供了重要参考。

香草兰超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化

使用国产超临界CO2萃取中试装置,利用均匀设计法研究了香草兰(Vanilla planifolia Andrews)的超临界萃取工艺。以萃取压力、萃取温度、夹带剂乙醇用量和萃取时间为考察因素,确定最佳萃取工艺条件为萃取压力30.9 MPa、萃取温度53.1℃、夹带剂乙醇用量1.53 mL/g、萃取时间135 min,此条件下香兰素的萃取率为19.56 mg/g。

香荚兰提取物提取工艺研究与卷烟应用

通过对香荚兰前处理方法的研究,采用酶解的方式提高其有效成分的提取效率。最佳酶解工艺为:纤维素酶0.4%,果胶酶0.1%,香荚兰与酶解液料液比为1∶6,pH为5,温度为45℃,酶解时间为180 min。同时,通过分析不同香荚兰提取工艺,选择加热回流法进行研究。通过正交实验,确定不同提取条件对香荚兰中香兰素的提取效果。确定提取温度70℃,乙醇浓度70%,反应时间6 h(3∶1.5∶1.5),料液比1∶8。采用GC-MS分析,确定了香荚兰提取物中的有效成分。通过卷烟评吸,确定了其在卷烟中建议用量为0.005%~0.02%。香荚兰提取物在卷烟中的应用,有利于提升卷烟风味特征,让卷烟烟气清甜温和,具有令人舒适的豆香、奶香和醇香。

不同方法提取驱蚊香草精油中化学成分的比较

[目的]比较不同方法提取的驱蚊香草精油的化学成分。[方法]应用GC/MS分别对2种方法提取的精油进行分离和检测。[结果]在水蒸气蒸馏法提取的精油中检测到23个成分,在有机溶剂法提取的精油中检测到49个成分;精油的主要成分为香茅醇、马兜铃烯、乙酸香茅酯、香叶醇、芳樟醇、异薄荷酮、β-波旁烯和香榧烯醇等。[结论]水蒸气蒸馏法使驱蚊香草精油化学成分大量损失,但对沸点高、相对难挥发的主要化学成分有很好地富集作用;有机溶剂提取法能很好地保留驱蚊香草精油的化学成分。

生物炭对香草兰生长及根际土壤微生物的影响

采用室内培养试验,研究施用生物炭对香草兰(Vanilla planifolia Andrews)生长和根际土壤微生物的影响。试验共设5个处理,分别是不添加生物炭(CK)和干土中添加生物炭10 g/kg(C1)、30g/kg(C2)、50g/kg(C3)、100g/kg(C4)。结果表明,施用生物炭促进了香草兰植株地上部和根系的生长,与CK相比,C2处理的地上部和根系干重分别增加50.0%和74.7%。C2处理的总根长、根系表面积分别较CK增加28.7%和12.9%。香草兰连作土壤中施入生物炭增加了香草兰根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量,以C2处理的细菌、放线菌数量最多,分别为CK处理的1.49倍和1.75倍。并且生物炭处理的根际土壤真菌数量显著降低。总之,施用生物炭可以促进香草兰生长,改善连作土壤的微生物环境,且以干土中添加生物炭30 g/kg处理的效果最佳。

根际促生菌Bacillus subtilisY-IVI在香草兰上的应用效果研究

【目的】香草兰为多年生热带经济作物,随着种植年限的增加,植株长势弱,土壤有益微生物减少,土壤微生物区系失衡,严重制约了香草兰产业的可持续发展。枯草芽孢杆菌作为一种根际促生菌,被广泛应用于促进作物生长,改善土壤微生物环境。本文将枯草芽孢杆菌Y-IVI接种在有机肥上,生产了生物有机肥,并就该生物有机肥对香草兰生长的影响进行了研究。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验,调查施用根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Y-IVI及其经固体发酵制得的微生物有机肥料(Y-IVI:3×108cfu/g)后,香草兰植株地上部及根系的生长状况,采用选择性培养基方法研究了Y-IVI在香草兰根际土壤中的定殖能力及对香草兰根茎腐病致病菌-尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响。【结果】施用Y-IVI及BIO 4个月后,香草兰根际土壤Y-IVI数量仍可达到106cfu/g土,二者无显著差异,在处理OF和对照中未检测到菌株Y-IVI。施用生物有机肥香草兰地上部干重和根系干重均显著高于对照,分别增加了63.1%和59.4%,与不接种Y-IVI的有机肥处理(OF)相比,地上部干重显著提高了43.2%,根系干重提高了18%,差异不显著;施用Y-IVI菌液的处理植株地上部干重和根系干重均高于对照,但无显著性差异;处理BIO根系直径、根系表面积和总体积与对照相比分别增加了41.9%、88.9%和80.4%,均显著高于对照,总根长与对照差异不显著;处理BIO根系表面积和总体积与有机肥处理OF相比分别显著增加了41.9%和30.8%,根系直径与OF相比增加了10.1%,差异不显著;处理Y-IVI根系直径与对照相比显著增加了25.5%,但根系表面积和总体积与对照差异不显著;与对照相比,施用BIO及Y-IVI的处理根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量分别明显降低了52.2%和41.8%,施用有机肥OF的处理降低了10%,差异不显著。【结论】Y-IVI可稳定定殖于香草兰根际土壤对其生长起有益作用,含促生菌Y-IVI的生物有机肥料比单独使用促生菌菌液可以更有效地减少根际土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,降低连作生物障碍。施用生物有机肥料比施用化肥和有机肥更有效地促进香草兰地上部及根系生长,因此,施用由根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Y-IVI制得的生物有机肥是解决香草兰连作生物障碍和提高收益的有效手段。

槟榔不同株行距间作香草兰对土壤养分和微生物的影响

为了揭示槟榔不同株行距间作香草兰对土壤微生物和土壤养分的影响,以生产上槟榔3个种植密度间作香草兰为处理,人工荫棚单作香草兰为对照,测定和分析土壤中微生物的数量和土壤养分的含量。结果表明,槟榔间作香草兰可显著提高土壤微生物的数量,改良土壤微生物群落中真菌、细菌和放线菌的比例。槟榔株行距为2.0m×2.5 m(Tr2)的处理,土壤pH值及有机质、全K、碱解N、速效P、速效K、交换性Ca、有效Fe、有效B含量均显著提高。Pearson积矩相关分析表明,土壤中各类微生物的数量与土壤养分含量之间存在着多种显著的相关关系。槟榔株行距为2.0 m×2.5 m间作香草兰对土壤微生物数量及其比例与土壤养分含量具有良好的调节作用,且彼此具有显著相关性。

香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化研究

以墨西哥香草兰花芽分化期花芽、混合花芽、叶芽及其功能叶为研究对象,研究香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化及其差异,结果表明:香草兰叶芽蛋白质含量持续下降,花芽和混合花芽的蛋白质含量在花序分化初期上升至顶峰而后下降,说明香草兰花芽在花序分化前需要累积大量蛋白质。叶芽的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量均无显著变化,花芽和混合花芽均存在明显的上升和下降趋势;在整个花芽分化期,花芽可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均高于叶芽。叶芽的淀粉含量呈升高趋势,花芽和混合花芽的淀粉含量呈先上升后下降趋势。在整个花芽分化期过程中,花芽、混合花芽功能叶C/N比均高于叶芽功能叶,且花芽功能叶和叶芽功能叶间差异达显著水平。

用超临界CO_2萃取香草兰香料

The technological conditions of flavour extraction from vanilla beans with supercritical CO 2 fluid were studied.The influences of extracting pressure,temperature,separating pressure,temperature,and extracting time on extracting rate of flavour were discussed.The vanillin content of flavour was determined by HPLC.The optimum technological conditions of extracting flavour from vanilla beans with supercritical CO 2 fluid were defined,and the result showed that extracting pressure 35MPa and temperature 45℃,separating pressure(Ⅰ)16MPa,pressure(Ⅱ)6Mpa,temperature(Ⅰ)40℃,temperature(Ⅱ)40℃,and extracting time 150min were optimal.The extracting rate of flavour was 8.36% and the vanillin content of flavour was 230mg/g in the optimum technological conditions.

种植年限对香草兰生理状况及根际土壤微生物区系的影响

对不同种植年限香草兰园植株生理指标及根际土壤微生物区系进行测定分析。结果表明:10 a以上园龄的香草兰叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量显著降低,而0～5 a园龄香草兰叶片各生理指标并无显著性差异。平板稀释涂布结果显示:5、10和20 a园龄香草兰根际可培养细菌和放线菌数量显著低于新植园,根际细菌与新植园相比分别降低了58.4%、91.6%、96.7%;根际真菌及尖孢镰刀菌数量呈相反趋势,与新植园相比,真菌数量分别是新植园的1.6、2.1和3.4倍。综上所述,种植10 a以上的香草兰园植株生长代谢缓慢,土壤微生物由细菌型向真菌型转变,微生物区系失衡。