Oscillatory Dynamics of a Spherical Solid in a Liquid in an Axisymmetric Variable Cross Section Channel

The dynamics of a solid spherical body in an oscillating liquid flow in a vertical axisymmetric channel of variable cross section is experimentally studied.It is shown that the oscillating liquid leads to the generation of intense averaged flows in each of the channel segments.The intensity and direction of these flows depend on the dimensionless oscillating frequency.In the region of studied frequencies,the dynamics of the considered body is examined when the primary vortices emerging in the flow occupy the whole region in each segment.For a fixed frequency,an increase in the oscillation amplitude leads to a phase-inclusion holding effect,i.e.,the body occupies a quasi-stationary position in one of the cells of the vertical channel,while oscillating around its average position.It is also shown that the oscillating motion of a liquid column generates an averaged force acting on the body,the magnitude of which depends on the properties of the body and its position in the channel.The quasi-stationary position is determined by the relative density and size of the body,as well as the dimensionless frequency.The behavior of the body as a function of the amplitude and frequency of fluid oscillation and relative size is discussed in detail.Such findings may be used in the future to control the position of a phase inclusion and/or to strengthen mass transfer effects in a channel of variable cross section by means of fluid oscillations.

Principle and Experimental Verification of Caudal-fin-type Piezoelectric-stack Pump with Variable-cross-section Oscillating Vibrator

In the traditional flow-resistance-differential (FRD) type valve-less piezoelectric pump, the generated outflow and pressure are discontinuous because of the inherent periodicity and fluctuation of the pump. To overcome these drawbacks, utilizing the bending vibration of piezoelectric bimorph to drive fluid was conducted. However, our investigation on the current status of this piezoelectric bimorph pump shows that larger driving force and vibration amplitude are required for fluid pumping; the pumping can be realized through the centrifugal force; and the mechanism of fluid pumping is no longer further studied. Based on these cases, the paper designed a piezoelectric-stack pump with variable-cross-section oscillating (VCSO) vibrator by imitating the swing of the caudal-fin of tuna, and the pump is neither the rotating type nor the volumetric type according to the taxonomy. The interaction between the oscillating vibrator and the fluid parcel is firstly analyzed from the viewpoint of momentum conservation, and the analytical expression of pump flow rate is obtained. Then the modal and harmonic response analyses on the vibrator immerged in water are carried out. From the analyses the first two orders resonance frequencies are 832 Hz and 1 939 Hz, respectively, and the peak value of the tip amplitude is 0.6 mm. Laser Doppler vibrometer is used to measure both the frequency and vibration amplitude, and the determined first two orders resonance frequencies are 617 Hz and 1 356 Hz, respectively. The measured tip amplitude reaches to the peak value of 0.3 mm. At last, experimental measurement for the flow rates with different driving frequencies is conducted. The results show that the flow rate can reach 560 mL/min at 1 370 Hz when the pump runs under the backpressure of 30 mm water column. And the flow rate is as much as 560% of that of experiment results carried out by researchers from Brazil. The proposed pump innovates in both theory and taxonomy; in addition, the pump overcomes the drawbacks such as large flow fluctuation and low flow rate in the traditional FRD type pumps, which will help to broaden the application of the valve-less piezoelectric pump.

Analysis of the mass of behind-armor debris generated by RHA subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section EFP

Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered;2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45- and the axial length of mushroom is considered.

Modeling and analysis of piezoelectric beam with periodically variable cross-sections for vibration energy harvesting

A bimorph piezoelectric beam with periodically variable cross-sections is used for the vibration energy harvesting. The effects of two geometrical parameters on the first band gap of this periodic beam are investigated by the generalized differential quadrature rule （GDQR） method. The GDQR method is also used to calculate the forced vibration response of the beam and voltage of each piezoelectric layer when the beam is subject to a sinusoidal base excitation. Results obtained from the analytical method are compared with those obtained from the finite element simulation with ANSYS, and good agreement is found. The voltage output of this periodic beam over its first band gap is calculated and compared with the voltage output of the uniform piezoelectric beam. It is concluded that this periodic beam has three advantages over the uniform piezoelectric beam, i.e., generating more voltage outputs over a wide frequency range, absorbing vibration, and being less weight.

THE APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE BUCKLING LOADS OF A THIN-WALLED BOX COLUMN WITH VARIABLE CROSS-SECTION

For a thin-walled box column with variable cross-section, the three governing equations for torsional-flexural buckling are ordinary differential equations of the second or fourth order with variable coefficients, so it is very difficult to solve them by means of an analytic method. In this paper, polynomials are used to approximate the geometric properties of cross-section and certain coefficients of the differential equations. Based on the energy principle and the Galerkin's method, the approximate formulas for calculating the flexural and torsional buckling loads of this kind of columns are developed respectively, and numerical examples are used to verify the correctness of the solutions obtained. The results calculated in this paper provide the basis for demonstrating the stability of thin-walled box columns with variable cross-section. This paper is of practical value.

THE GENERAL SOLUTION FOR DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF NONHOMOGENEOUS BEAM WITH VARIABLECROSSSECTION

In this paper by means of the exact analytic method [1], the general solution fordynamic response of nonhomogeneous beam with variable cross section is obtained un-der arbitrary resonant load and boundary conditions. The problem is reduced to solvea non-positive differential equation. Generally, it is not solved by variational method.By the present method, the general solution for this problem may be written as an ana-lytic form. Hence, it is convenient for structure optimizing problem. In this paper, itsconvergence is proved. Numerical examples are given at the end of the paper. which in-dicates satisfactory results can be obtained.

变截面钢桁腹混凝土组合梁-钢腹杆剪应力计算

基于弹性梁微元法,考虑混凝土顶底板对组合梁的抗剪贡献,在轴力、剪力及弯矩共同作用下,推导变截面钢桁腹-混凝土组合梁剪应力计算公式,并结合算例和有限元进行验证,对比分析在集中荷载作用下理论值与有限元值的相对误差,验证计算公式的适用性。研究结果表明:解析法和有限元法计算结果吻合良好,在变截面钢桁腹-混凝土组合梁剪应力计算中变截面效应的影响不可忽略。在集中荷载作用下,等截面梁与变截面梁等效钢腹板的承剪比最大差值约79.75%;从悬臂梁端部到根部,钢腹杆的剪应力在减小,钢腹杆的承剪比从81.48%降低至10.90%。

某变截面连续钢-混叠合梁负弯矩区桥面板顶升抗裂措施的应用研究

鄞州大道跨南塘河节点采用35 m+70 m+35 m变截面连续钢-混叠合梁。鉴于此种梁桥中支点附近的负弯矩区桥面板容易开裂,采用了支点先同步顶升再回落的施工工艺,以使桥面板获得足够的压应力储备,提高桥面板的抗裂性能。为了确保工程质量和施工安全,采用MIDAS Civil有限元软件建立桥梁有限元模型,以模拟中支点先顶升再回落的施工过程,并通过比较来确定中支点合理的顶升高度。计算结果表明:中支点合理顶升高度为40 cm,在频遇工况下,负弯矩区混凝土桥面板受压且不出现裂缝,端支座最小反力为188.1 kN(不出现支座脱空),可以满足变截面连续钢-混叠合梁桥面板的抗裂要求。

变截面连续钢-混凝土组合梁桥拼宽设计研究

为促进钢-混凝土组合梁结构在公路改扩建工程中的应用,文章以扬溧高速丹徒枢纽主线上跨沪宁高速主线桥拼宽设计为例,对老桥采用钢-混凝土结构进行拼宽设计。解决桥梁净空受限、新老桥变形协调、施工周期控制严格等问题,能为国内同类桥梁的拼宽设计提供借鉴。

Monte Carlo simulation of phonon transport in variable cross-section nanowires

A dedicated Monte Carlo (MC) model is proposed to investigate the mechanism of phonon transport in variable cross-section silicon nanowires (NWs). Emphasis is placed on understanding the thermal rectification effect and thermal conduction in tapered cross-section and incremental cross-section NWs. In the simulations, both equal and unequal heat input conditions are discussed. Under the latter condition, the tapered cross-section NW has a more prominent thermal rectification effect. Additionally, the capacity of heat conduction in the tapered cross-section NW is always higher than that of the incremental one. Two reasons may be attributed to these behaviors: one is their different boundary conditions and the other is their different volume distribution. Although boundary scattering plays an important role in nanoscale structures, the results suggest the influence of boundary scattering on heat conduction is less obvious than that of volume distribution in NWs with variable cross-sections.

Effect of Accumulative Strain on Grain Refinement and Strengthening of ZM6 Magnesium Alloy During Continuous Variable Cross-Section Direct Extrusion

In order to study the influence of die combination on continuous variable cross-section direct extrusion （CVCDE） in the extrusion process, the accumulative strain formula is derived, and it can be known that the extrusion ratio of various stages directly determines the size of corresponding stage strain by formula. In this paper, as an example of the two interim dies, three die combinations of different angles and extrusion ratio are designed. Aviation magnesium alloy ZM6 is studied, and the results show that dynamic recrystallization is even more complete when continuous shear deformation occurs, so that the refinement and homogenization of microstructure are obtained. By the use of different die combinations, the accumulative strain increases under the conditions of same total extrusion ratio. Thus, the refined crystalline strengthening effect of extrusion deformation can be further analyzed. Due to the dead-zone defects, the actual accumulative strain decreases significantly and the effect of microstructure and performance improvements also decreases with it. Therefore, the optimal design of die combination is the key to the process and product of CVCDE, which provides a scientific basis for the development of severe plastic deformation.

Microstructural characteristics and deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31 produced by continuous variable cross-section direct extrusion

Magnesium（Mg） alloy AZ31 was produced by continuous variable cross-section direct extrusion（CVCDE）to study its deformation behavior. Metallographic microscopy（OM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were used to observe the variations in microstructure and fracture morphology of Mg alloy AZ31 as a function of processing methods. The results reveal that grains of Mg alloy AZ31 were refined and their microstructure was homogenized by CVCDE. The recrystallization in Mg alloy AZ31 produced by CVCDE with 2 interim dies was more complete than that produced by conventional extrusion（CE） and CVCDE with 1 interim die, and the grains were finer and more uniform.Plasticity of the AZ31 alloy was improved. Fracture mode was evolved from a combination of ductility and brittleness to a sole ductile form. In summary, a CVCDE mold structure with 2 interim dies can improve microstructure, plasticity, and toughness of Mg alloy AZ31.

变截面弹性直杆纵振动分析的小波-DQ法

在经典微分求积(DQ)法基础上,根据多分辨分析理论,以尺度函数为基础构造插值基函数,形成了新的微分方程边值问题的求解方法——小波-DQ法,并应用该方法分析了变截面弹性直杆的纵振动问题,给出了其频率方程,计算出了不同参数下固支-固支,自由-自由楔形直杆和锥形直杆的固有频率,数值结果表明该方法是一个简单易行高精度的方法,该方法可以推广应用于其他力学问题的数值分析.

Al-3.46Cu-5.70Si合金变截面铸件定向凝固宏观偏析研究

选取成分为Al-3.46Cu-5.70Si的三元Al合金,设计垂直定向凝固实验,得到了变截面工字型铸锭。采用扫描电镜、成分分析等手段研究了定向凝固铸锭不同部位的凝固组织、二次枝晶间距、宏观偏析等。结果表明,变截面工字型铸锭不同凝固部位由于凝固速率不同,凝固组织晶粒尺寸与枝晶间距随着与结晶器距离的增加呈明显增大趋势。Cu和Si元素均产生了明显的宏观偏析现象,靠近结晶器的位置出现正偏析,而在下变截面位置处纵向出现负偏析,横向出现正偏析,并发现Cu元素的偏析程度要大于Si元素。

钢-混凝土混合变截面连续梁桥钢箱梁段合理长度研究

为简便估算恒载作用下钢-混凝土混合变截面连续梁桥的合理钢箱梁段长度,基于现有三弯矩方程推导适用于变截面连续梁的改进三弯矩方程;建立基于改进三弯矩方程的变截面连续梁弯矩简化计算方法,构建不同跨径的变截面钢-混凝土混合标准连续梁桥,并给出其钢箱梁段合理长度的预估公式.研究结果表明:基于改进三弯矩方程的变截面连续梁弯矩计算结果与有限元计算结果的偏差小于10%,可以便捷且准确地计算恒载下变截面连续梁弯矩;预估公式计算得到的钢箱梁段合理长度与实桥使用的钢箱梁段长度之间的误差在12.5%以内,预估公式具有良好适用性.

变截面单管塔考虑风荷载、重力—位移(P-Δ)二阶效应的半解析法

介绍一种单管塔计算的半解析方法。基于结构力学力法原理并考虑P-Δ效应对单管塔顶位移进行了理论推导并给出了相关等式;利用MATLAB7.0数学计算软件进行积分求解,其结果与其它有限元软件的计算结果吻合较好。该方法可用于单管塔的工程设计计算。

一种新型3-PRR柔顺微动平台的结构与分析

针对3-RRR柔顺微动平台由于输入的直线位移(压电驱动)与被驱动件的转动(R副)不匹配而带来的传动误差问题,首先对不同型式对称四杆机构的直线位移输出特性进行比对,提出了一种较理想的柔顺直线机构-变截面对称四杆机构;其次,以变截面对称四杆机构作为被驱动机构,提出了一种新型3-PRR平面柔顺微动平台,并对该柔顺微动平台进行了运动学分析,得到了平台的正反解以及雅克比矩阵;利用功能转化原理求得平台的刚度矩阵,最后通过有限元软件进行仿真,分析了随机选取的15组位姿。结果表明:与理论位姿间的最大相对误差仅为1.33%,验证了理论分析的正确性。

热-力耦合作用下变截面动涡旋齿变形的研究

为了研究变截面涡旋齿的应力和应变,文章从涡旋型线方程入手,生成涡旋齿三维模型,建立气体载荷计算模型,采用试验方法测量涡旋盘各个位置的温度值,最后利用有限元软件分析,在气体载荷单独作用下和气体载荷与温度载荷耦合情况下涡旋齿的变形规律。结果表明:变截面涡旋齿在气体载荷和温度载荷作用下变形量很小,最大变形量仅为0.756μm,这位变截面涡旋齿的进一步应用提供理论支持。

变截面CFG桩受力性能研究

随着变截面CFG桩在工程领域中的广泛应用,研究其力学性能具有重要的理论与实践意义。探讨了变截面CFG桩的下部桩径对其力学性能的影响,特别是变截面CFG桩在不同桩径下的力学响应。利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立变截面CFG桩-土体整体有限元模型,针对直径分别为1.2 m,1.4 m和1.6 m的变截面CFG桩,在相同的上拔荷载、水平荷载和下压荷载条件下,分析了其力学响应。研究结果表明,随着小桩直径的增加,变截面CFG桩的最大应力和最大位移均呈现逐渐减小的趋势,且应力集中现象主要发生在上部较大桩体区域。该研究为变截面CFG桩的设计与施工提供了理论依据,并有助于提高其在复杂地质条件下的承载能力和稳定性,具有显著的工程应用价值。

轨道交通变截面箱梁-U形梁组合连续梁桥受力特性分析

以1座变截面箱梁-U形梁组合连续梁桥为研究对象,采用通用有限元程序ABAQUS建立该桥的数值仿真分析模型,对其在不同工况下的受力特性进行分析,探究桥梁在各项荷载作用下的应力分布特征以及结构变形情况。结果表明:单项荷载作用下,U形梁腹板在承受正弯矩的区段上部内倾、下部外倾,而在承受负弯矩的区段,变形情况则相反;荷载组合作用下,中支点处U形梁与箱梁的连接导致局部刚度突变,使得该处的道床板呈现与悬臂板类似的受力状态。