On maximum power point tracking control strategy for variable speed constant frequency wind power generation

Based on the characteristic of AC-excited variable speed constant frequency(VSCF)wind power generation,the vector control technique was applied in a doubly fed induction generator(DFIG).Maximum wind energy or maximum output power point can be tracked by decoupling control of active power and reactive power.The research result shows that the net power of generation system delivered to grid in maximum wind energy tracking mode is not the most.We presented a novel maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control strategy by analyzing the DFIG mathematic model and power relations which delivered the maximum power to the grid.The maximum power point could be tracked automatically without measuring wind speed in the control strategy and the control was independent of optimal turbine power curve,which had excellent dynamic and static performances and robustness.Simulation and experimental results testify the accuracy and validity of the control strategy.

The Control System Simulation of Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency Wind Turbine

In general,Variable-Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF)Wind generation system is controlled by stator voltage orientation method which based on the mathematic model of VSCF Wind generation system and discussed the control strategy.Present the whole dynamic control model of variable-speed wind generator system in MATLAB/ Simulink,and the simulation results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Frequency Regulation of VSC-MTDC System with Offshore Wind Farms

Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.

Enhancement of DC-Link Protection of PMSG Based Wind Turbine under Network Disturbance by Using New Buck Controller System

Protection system for DC-link circuit of back-to-back converter of PMSG （Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator） based wind turbine is essential part for the system to ride through a network fault in grid system. Voltage on the DC-link circuit can be increased significantly due to power unbalance between stator side converter and grid side converter. Increase of DC-link circuit voltage can lead to a damage of IGBT of the converter and control system failure. In this paper performance enhancement of DC-link protection of PMSG based Wind turbine by using new control system of buck converter is proposed. The buck converter is used to control supplied voltage of a breaking resistor to dissipate energy from the wind generator during network disturbance. In order to investigate effectiveness of the proposed DC-link protection system, fault analysis is performed in the simulation study by using PSCAD/EMTDC software program. In addition, comparative analysis between the proposed protection system and the conventional protection system using DC chopper is also performed.

风电场参与电网调频的多机协同控制策略

【目的】考虑风电场中不同风况下风电机组参与一次调频能力的差异,在下垂控制和惯量控制策略的基础上,对机组的调频能力评估方法进行优化。【方法】提出了一种改进的多机组调频参考功率协同控制策略。【结果】引入多机组协同控制方法能够有效改善机组之间调频参考功率的分配,从而有效调节各机组参与系统一次调频的程度。在惯量控制和下垂控制的基础上引入改进的协同控制策略,依据机组在实际风况下运行的状态,评估机组能够有效参与一次调频的参考功率。引入调频能力系数能够实现调频功率参考值在各机组之间按能分配。【结论】协同控制策略能够有效保护风电机组转速,同时能够有效改善电网频率响应。

变转速下基于改进多阶概率方法的风电齿轮箱故障诊断研究

阶次跟踪是一种有效的解决变转速故障诊断问题的方法,其关键前提是存在转速信号作为参考。然而,由于强背景噪声和弱谐波关系的影响,现有转速估计方法的准确性和自适应性有待进一步提高。因此,提出一种融合多传感器信号的改进多阶概率方法(MOPA)用以估计瞬时转速。首先,依据不同传感器信号的基频统一性和主导分量差异性,通过时频图瞬时切片归一化融合的方式,构建具有强谐波关系的时频图;其次,为消除时变工况下时频图中横纵方向上的间歇恒频和短时宽频背景噪声,提出滑动消噪方法;最后,基于处理后的时频图执行MOPA,实现瞬时转速自动估计,结合阶次跟踪解决风电齿轮箱变转速故障诊断问题。经实测数据验证,改进MOPA估计的瞬时频率的准确性和自适应性均优于对方法,平均绝对百分比误差为0.56%,均小于对比方法的15.73%、13.99%和1.21%。结合阶次分析诊断了变转速下风电齿轮箱异常。

计及风电场的飞轮储能一次调频控制策略

随着新能源渗透率的提高,电力系统频率稳定性问题愈加严重。本文提出一种改进飞轮储能辅助风电场一次调频的控制策略,分析风储系统的频率特性和容量配置,风电场采用虚拟惯性控制参与一次调频。由于风电场的输出功率根据自然风速随机变化,可能会导致飞轮长期运行至较高或较低转速的状态,在风速骤变时甚至会引起飞轮转速越限。采用虚拟下垂控制结合模糊规则防止飞轮转速越限,从而弥补风电场在一次调频中的功率缺额。通过仿真分析及实验验证阶跃扰动和连续扰动的工况下的频率特性,得出改进控制策略在阶跃扰动和连续负荷扰动2种工况下最大频率偏差更小、响应速度更快的结论.

风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制

针对单个变速抽蓄调频容量不足和风电场调频后转子转速恢复容易引发频率二次跌落的问题,提出一种风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制策略。首先,当电网发生频率事件时,该策略根据风电场风速和区域内多分布式变速抽水蓄能可调节容量对电网频率提供支撑。然后,针对风电调频后转子转速恢复过程容易引发系统频率二次跌落的问题,在风电转子转速恢复时通过多分布式变速抽蓄提供功率支撑来缓解系统频率二次跌落。最后,以含风电场与分布式变速抽蓄的四机两区域系统为例,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了所提控制策略相比风电场和多分布式变速抽水蓄能独立调频对于系统具有更好的调频效果。

双馈变速恒频风电系统控制研究

文章以双馈异步电机为风力发电的变流器,分析了双馈式变速恒频风电系统在功率因数校正、电网电压畸变及无功补偿方面的控制策略,重点介绍了双馈变速恒频风电场系统,基于功率因数校正的控制方法分析了双馈异步发电机并网运行时电网电压畸变对风力发电系统运行稳定性和电能质量的影响,最后通过仿真验证了控制策略的正确性。仿真结果表明:文章提出的双馈变速恒频风电系统可以有效改善双馈异步电机并网运行时因电压畸变带来的性能下降问题。

陆地风电空心锥形基础水平循环承载特性研究

通过开展砂土中等幅值和变幅值循环加载模型试验,针对空心锥形基础累积位移、转角和水平刚度进行研究。等幅值加载过程中,空心锥形基础沿加载方向减速移动,最终达到稳定状态;基础尺寸和荷载幅值对累积水平位移和转角影响显著,当荷载幅值δ_(b)为0.2和0.5时,位移量和倾角随底板直径的增大而增大,而当δ_(b)为0.8时,位移量和倾角随底板直径的增大先减小后增大;当δ_(b)为0.2、0.5和0.8时,水平刚度随底板直径的增大分别降低39%、59.7%、43.9%。变幅值加载过程中,空心锥形基础在幅值逐级增加时沿加载方向加速移动,水平刚度随基础底板直径的增大先增大后减小,在幅值逐级递减时沿加载方向减速移动,水平刚度随基础底板直径的增大先减小后增大;位移量和倾角在幅值逐级递增时最大,逐级递减次之,等幅值加载最小。通过对无量纲化累积转角拟合,提出等幅值累积转角计算公式,经验证,计算公式与模型试验结果吻合较好。

变速恒频水轮机变流量工况下不稳定流动数值模拟

为了研究变流量条件下变速恒频水轮机正常运转时的涡流特性和水动力特性,基于STAR-CCM+软件进行了混流式变速恒频水轮机的水动力特性数值模拟,研究了定流量和正弦流量两种工况下导叶和转轮压力脉动特性和内部流动状态,对旋转速度改变引起的涡旋演化过程进行了可视化展示。结果表明:在低转速时,尾水管进口和转轮交界处存在随转速降低而聚合产生的大尺度涡,但在转速升高后其逐渐破碎、分离,最后消散;叶片靠近叶轮流道入口的吸力面上均存在涡流,尾水管中存在两个涡核中心,且位置随转速改变;无叶空间的压力脉动相对其余位置更剧烈,脉动幅值随着转速和流量的增大而增大。研究成果可为变速恒频水轮机的设计和工程应用提供依据和参考。

基于mRMR-GRU的变速恒频风电机组图像识别算法

为了精准识别变速恒频风电机组的运行状态,提出基于mRMR-GRU的变速恒频风电机组图像识别算法。通过分析变速恒频风电机组机械动态结构,获取整体变速恒频风电机组运行的重要控制部分;基于物联网技术,集成智能终端传感设备在特定结构中采集变速恒频风电机组图像;分析风电机组特定结构,生成变速恒频风电机组原始图像;基于直方图均衡方法对变速恒频风电机组图像进行增强处理,输出高分辨率采集图像;基于mRMR算法,定义特征变量的互信息,获得最具代表性和相关性的特征子集;融合GRU单元与mRMR值生成mRMR-GRU算法,优化图像识别网络结构,输出的风机图像状态识别结果。实验结果表明:设计算法MAPE值为4.46,RMSE值为3.57,图像识别准确度最高值为0.98,能够有效调节图像的特征变量,有效识别变速恒频风电机组图像存在的异常情况,且具有明显的图像像素点均衡效果与图像增强识别效果。

High Frequency Resonance in DFIG-Based Wind Farm with Variable Power Capacity

As wind power penetration has been gaining in the power grid for decades,a large number of the doubly fed induction generator(DFIG)based wind farms are being established around the globe.The power capacities of these wind farms may vary around hundreds of MW,and most of the wind farms are connected to long transmission cables whose impedances can not be ignored and require careful attention.Several works have investigated the impedance interaction between the DFIG based wind farm and long transmission cables which may unfortunately cause high frequency resonance(HFR).The main contribution of this paper is to investigate the influence of the variable wind farm capacity on the behavior of the HFR when certain transmission cables are provided.It is found out that the potential HFR may happen in certain wind farms,and the larger wind farm capacity causes more severe HFR due to the relatively weaker grid transmission capability.Simulation results based on Matlab/Simulink are given to validate the analysis of HFR.

双馈感应式风电场电网友好型功率控制系统技术改造

当前我国电网新能源装机渗透率高,迫切需要光伏电站、风电场深度参与电网调峰、调压,为此分析目前双馈感应式风电场功率控制系统结构复杂、功能重叠、信息传递环节多、故障率高、控制策略落后的现状,论证双馈感应式风电场进行电网友好型功率控制系统技术改造的必要性、可能性,提出包括优化系统结构、改进控制策略、简化通信网络、充分发挥双馈风电机组优良的有功/无功控制能力等各项改进措施,并以双馈感应式风电场功率控制系统技术改造实例加以说明,同时对新能源电站是否必须加装无功补偿装置进行讨论。性能验收试验表明,改造后的风电场功率控制系统无需配置无功补偿装置,其各项技术指标优于国家技术标准。该项技术的应用有利于电网的安全、稳定、经济运行,在新建风电场推广可降低造价昂贵的一次性投资,减少运行损耗,具有一定的社会效益和经济效益。

Circulating current suppression for ground tied variable frequency to constant frequency converter system in aircraft

This paper presents a solution to the circulating current fault of aircraft power supply.The DC-link type Variable Frequency to Constant Frequency(VFCF)converter system is the preferred scheme to feed the constant 400 Hz load in an aircraft with a variable frequency power supply.Due to the requirement of aircraft standards,both grounds of the rectification and inversion stage are tied to the metal frame of the aircraft.With such a tied ground,the DC bus voltage rises greatly,and a large circulating current appears in the casing as the ground,which leads to equipment failure and potential safety hazards.According to the existing methods of circulating current fault suppression,this paper analyzes the causes of the above faults and the harmonic components of circulating current and points out the limitations of the existing methods.Therefore,a Common-Mode(CM)choke-based method is proposed to provide a high impedance in the path of the CM circulating current.By doing so,the circulating current can be suppressed without the additional burden of the hardware and control algorithm,which is quite friendly for quality control of mass-production aircraft.Moreover,a simplified mathematic model of the VFCF converter system is derived to calculate the minimum inductance value reference of the CM choke,which saves the weight of passive devices to the greatest extent.Finally,simulation and experimental results are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

粒子群优化PID的供水电机调速系统研究

针对叠压供水系统供水压力不稳定、控制效果时效性差的问题,提出了一种粒子群优化PID算法。结合粒子群算法与PID控制,根据供水压力展开粒子群优化PID参数算法程序,实时调整PID3个参数,并将其结果发送给变频器,实现电机平稳启动与调速,保证供水压力的稳定。仿真测试表明,该算法可实现对供水泵房电机的变频调速,有效解决了工频供水方式水压不稳定、控制效果时效性差的问题。

变频调速在煤气加压站恒压供气上的应用

煤气加压站作为煤气输送的关键环节,其恒压供气系统的稳定性、高效性和可靠性对供气效果和安全运行至关重要。为了满足不断增长的用气需求,提高能源利用效率,降低供气成本,变频调速技术作为一种先进的控制手段被广泛应用于煤气加压站的恒压供气系统中。变频调速技术通过调节压缩机的转速,实现了对供气量的精确控制,可以根据实际需求动态调整压缩机的运行状态,使其始终处于最佳工作状态,从而实现了能源的有效利用和供气的稳定性。然而,尽管变频调速技术具有诸多优势,但在实际应用中仍然存在一些挑战和问题,如操作复杂性、设备稳定性、维护成本和兼容性等。因此,有必要对变频调速技术在煤气加压站恒压供气系统中的应用进行深入研究和优化,以进一步提高系统的运行效率和性能,保障供气安全和稳定,促进煤气工业的健康发展和社会经济的可持续繁荣。

LF精炼炉钢包车定位及主变温度跳闸升级改造

针对莱钢新动区2#120吨LF精炼炉投产试生产期间,频繁出现钢包车行走定位效果差、主变绕组温度跳闸,造成频繁停炉,难以维持基本生产两大致命问题的现状,采取了配置激光测距仪、主变绕组测温系统功能完善、程序优化升级等改造防范过程进行介绍,从根本上消除了设备隐患。

子午水电站可逆水轮机组电气传动控制系统

介绍了子午水电站可逆水轮机组电气传动控制系统。基于四象限级联中压变频器,实现了机组发电工况下的变速恒频运行和抽水工况下的高效节能运行。同时,采用电气回路冗余设计、变频器功率单元快速旁路技术和中性点漂移技术,确保了机组的高效可靠运行。

风电场无功电压控制系统设计和应用

针对国内风电大规模集中接入电网引起的电压稳定和控制问题,提出了一种适用于变速恒频风电机组风电场的多模式、多目标无功电压协调控制策略。在此基础上,设计了风电场无功电压控制系统。介绍了该系统的架构、主要功能模块和接口的设计方案,通过在上海奉贤海湾风电场一期扩建工程开展现场试验,验证了控制策略的正确性,并证明通过合理控制风电场的无功输出能够有效地对并网点提供无功支撑,有助于维持接入地区电网的电压稳定。