A multi-scale second-order autoregressive recursive filter approach for the sea ice concentration analysis

To effectively extract multi-scale information from observation data and improve computational efficiency,a multi-scale second-order autoregressive recursive filter(MSRF)method is designed.The second-order autoregressive filter used in this study has been attempted to replace the traditional first-order recursive filter used in spatial multi-scale recursive filter(SMRF)method.The experimental results indicate that the MSRF scheme successfully extracts various scale information resolved by observations.Moreover,compared with the SMRF scheme,the MSRF scheme improves computational accuracy and efficiency to some extent.The MSRF scheme can not only propagate to a longer distance without the attenuation of innovation,but also reduce the mean absolute deviation between the reconstructed sea ice concentration results and observations reduced by about 3.2%compared to the SMRF scheme.On the other hand,compared with traditional first-order recursive filters using in the SMRF scheme that multiple filters are executed,the MSRF scheme only needs to perform two filter processes in one iteration,greatly improving filtering efficiency.In the two-dimensional experiment of sea ice concentration,the calculation time of the MSRF scheme is only 1/7 of that of SMRF scheme.This means that the MSRF scheme can achieve better performance with less computational cost,which is of great significance for further application in real-time ocean or sea ice data assimilation systems in the future.

Coupling Ensemble Kalman Filter with Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation

This study examines the performance of coupling the deterministic four-dimensional variational assimilation system （4DVAR） with an ensemble Kalman filter （EnKF） to produce a superior hybrid approach for data assimilation. The coupled assimilation scheme （E4DVAR） benefits from using the state-dependent uncertainty provided by EnKF while taking advantage of 4DVAR in preventing filter divergence： the 4DVAR analysis produces posterior maximum likelihood solutions through minimization of a cost function about which the ensemble perturbations are transformed, and the resulting ensemble analysis can be propagated forward both for the next assimilation cycle and as a basis for ensemble forecasting. The feasibility and effectiveness of this coupled approach are demonstrated in an idealized model with simulated observations. It is found that the E4DVAR is capable of outperforming both 4DVAR and the EnKF under both perfect- and imperfect-model scenarios. The performance of the coupled scheme is also less sensitive to either the ensemble size or the assimilation window length than those for standard EnKF or 4DVAR implementations.

Application of a Recursive Filter to a Three-Dimensional Variational Ocean Data Assimilation System

In order to improve the efficiency of the Ocean Variational Assimilation System （OVALS）, which has been widely used in various applications, an improved OVALS （OVALS2） is developed based on the recursive filter （RF） algorithm. The first advantage of OVALS2 is that memory storage can be substantially reduced in practice because it implicitly computes the background error covariance matrix; the second advantage is that there is no inversion of the background error covariance by preconditioning the control variable. For comparing the effectiveness between OVALS2 and OVALS, a set of experiments was implemented by assimilating expendable bathythermograph （XBT） and ARGO data into the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the efficiency of OVALS2 is much higher than that of OVALS. The computational time and the computer storage in the assimilation process were reduced by 83% and 77%, respectively. Additionally, the corresponding results produced by the RF are almost as good as those obtained by OVALS. These results prove that OVALS2 is suitable for operational numerical oceanic forecasting.

Anchoring Bolt Detection Based on Morphological Filtering and Variational Modal Decomposition

The pull test is a damaging detection method that fails to measure the actual length of a bolt.Thus,the ultrasonic echo is an important non?destructive testing method for bolt quality detection.In this research,the variational modal decomposition(VMD)method is introduced into the bolt detection signal analysis.On the basis of morphological filtering(MF)and the VMD method,a VMD?combined MF principle is established into a bolt detection signal analysis method(MF?VMD).MF?VMD is used to analyze the vibration and actual bolt detection signals of the simulation.Results show that MF?VMD effectively separates intrinsic mode function,even under strong interference.In comparison with conventional VMD method,the proposed method can remove noise interference.An intrinsic mode function of the field detection signal can be effectively identified by reflecting the signal at the bottom of the bolt.

Skew t Distribution-Based Nonlinear Filter with Asymmetric Measurement Noise Using Variational Bayesian Inference

This paper is focused on the state estimation problem for nonlinear systems with unknown statistics of measurement noise.Based on the cubature Kalman filter,we propose a new nonlinear filtering algorithm that employs a skew t distribution to characterize the asymmetry of the measurement noise.The system states and the statistics of skew t noise distribution,including the shape matrix,the scale matrix,and the degree of freedom(DOF)are estimated jointly by employing variational Bayesian(VB)inference.The proposed method is validated in a target tracking example.Results of the simulation indicate that the proposed nonlinear filter can perform satisfactorily in the presence of unknown statistics of measurement noise and outperform than the existing state-of-the-art nonlinear filters.

Hybrid three-dimensional variation and particle filtering for nonlinear systems

This work addresses the problem of estimating the states of nonlinear dynamic systems with sparse observations.We present a hybrid three-dimensional variation（3DVar） and particle piltering（PF） method,which combines the advantages of 3DVar and particle-based filters.By minimizing the cost function,this approach will produce a better proposal distribution of the state.Afterwards the stochastic resampling step in standard PF can be avoided through a deterministic scheme.The simulation results show that the performance of the new method is superior to the traditional ensemble Kalman filtering（EnKF） and the standard PF,especially in highly nonlinear systems.

STUDY OF MISMATCHED FILTERING OF PASSIVE RADAR USING TV SIGNAL

This letter demonstrates the structure of the passive radar using TV signals. Because the TV signal is a kind of pseudoperiodic signal, the matched filtering of color TV signals would yield high sidelobes which cause the range ambiguity. To overcome this problem, the mismatched filter is proposed to suppress the correlation sidelobes of matched filtering of TV signals. By utilizing the iteration process, this method could achieve the required peak sidelobe level. The impacts of the noise and target movement on mismatched filtering are also analysed. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

Adaptive cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian inference under measurement uncertainty

A novel variational Bayesian inference based on adaptive cubature Kalman filter(VBACKF)algorithm is proposed for the problem of state estimation in a target tracking system with time-varying measurement noise and random measurement losses.Firstly,the Inverse-Wishart(IW)distribution is chosen to model the covariance matrix of time-varying measurement noise in the cubature Kalman filter framework.Secondly,the Bernoulli random variable is introduced as the judgement factor of the measurement losses,and the Beta distribution is selected as the conjugate prior distribution of measurement loss probability to ensure that the posterior distribution and prior distribution have the same function form.Finally,the joint posterior probability density function of the estimated variables is approximately decoupled by the variational Bayesian inference,and the fixed-point iteration approach is used to update the estimated variables.The simulation results show that the proposed VBACKF algorithm considers the comprehensive effects of system nonlinearity,time-varying measurement noise and unknown measurement loss probability,moreover,effectively improves the accuracy of target state estimation in complex scene.

Compressive near-field millimeter wave imaging algorithm based on Gini index and total variation mixed regularization

A compressive near-field millimeter wave(MMW)imaging algorithm is proposed.From the compressed sensing(CS)theory,the compressive near-field MMW imaging process can be considered to reconstruct an image from the under-sampled sparse data.The Gini index(GI)has been founded that it is the only sparsity measure that has all sparsity attributes that are called Robin Hood,Scaling,Rising Tide,Cloning,Bill Gates,and Babies.By combining the total variation(TV)operator,the GI-TV mixed regularization introduced compressive near-field MMW imaging model is proposed.In addition,the corresponding algorithm based on a primal-dual framework is also proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GI-TV mixed regularization algorithm has superior convergence and stability performance compared with the widely used l1-TV mixed regularization algorithm.

一种多段有限角CT采样的BF-TV-ART图像重建方法

CT影像数据在临床诊断和疾病筛查复查中具有重要意义,但数据采集中使用的X射线会在人体内呈现累加现象,过量的射线辐射会增加检测者患病风险.为降低检测中的辐射剂量,CT扫描系统会采用不完全采样扫描方式,如有限角采样、稀疏角采样和多段有限角采样.多段有限角方式的采样设计可在一定程度上兼具这两者的优点,有利于高精度CT图像的重建.本文设计了一种多段有限角CT扫描模式,分析了双边滤波在图像平滑和锐化方面的特征,提出了一种基于全变分与双边滤波的CT迭代重建模型,简称为BF-TV-ART(bilateral filtering-total variation-algebraic reconstruction techniques),并进行了算法设计.数值实验中通过二维Shepp-Logan模型和管线腐蚀模型验证了BF-TV-ART模型重建精度更高,重建时间更短,且重建图像的边缘信息得到了更好的保护.数值结果表明提出的重建方法可有效地抑制数据缺失采样下重建图像中的条状伪影和滑坡伪影.

稀疏角度CT图像重建的Huber-TV正则化方法

对于稀疏角度下的投影数据,计算机断层扫描重建图像容易出现分辨率低、伪影较多的问题,难以满足工业及医学诊断要求。文中从迭代重建的角度出发,提出一个结合全变分(TV)和Huber函数(Huber-TV)的CT重建方法。该方法利用Huber函数替代传统全变分模型中的L1范数,在合理控制函数阈值的条件下,充分利用Huber函数的线性部分对大于阈值的梯度图像进行较轻的惩罚,以保持图像边缘连续性;再结合二次项对小于阈值的梯度图像进行较大的惩罚,以抑制图像中不连续梯度跳跃。新模型目标函数的光滑性可以使得梯度下降法快速收敛到最优值,避开传统全变分模型中的次梯度计算,从而降低计算复杂度并加快迭代速度。实验结果表明,在稀疏角度重建条件下,与传统TV模型相比,Huber-TV模型的均方根误差降低19%,信噪比提升22.33 dB,说明所提方法高效可行。

一种高斯-重尾切换分布鲁棒卡尔曼滤波器

为降低实际应用中由强未知干扰和仪器故障对观测造成的影响,减轻随机和未建模干扰对系统的侵蚀,从而提升系统在非高斯噪声环境下的状态估计精度,提高滤波器的鲁棒性能,提出了一种基于高斯-重尾切换分布的鲁棒卡尔曼滤波器(Gaussian-heavy-tailed switching distribution based robust Kalman filter,GHTSRKF)。首先,通过自适应学习高斯分布和一种重尾分布之间的切换概率将噪声建模为GHTS(Gaussian-heavy-tailed switching)分布,所设计的GHTS分布可以通过在线调整高斯分布和新的重尾分布之间的切换概率来对非平稳重尾噪声进行建模,具有虚拟协方差的高斯分布用于处理协方差矩阵不准确的高斯噪声。其次,引入两个分别服从Categorical分布与伯努利分布的辅助参数将GHTS分布表示为一个分层高斯形式,进一步利用变分贝叶斯方法推导了GHTSRKF。最后,利用一个仿真场景对几种不同的RKFs(robust Kalman filters)进行了对比验证。结果表明,所提出的GHTSRKF算法的估计精度对初始状态的选取不敏感,精度优于其他RKFs,它的RMSEs最接近噪声信息准确的KFTNC(KF with true noise covariances)的RMSEs(root mean square errors),且当系统与量测噪声是未知时变高斯噪声时,相比于现有的滤波器,GHTSRKF具有更好的估计性能,从而验证了GHTSRKF的有效性。

基于VC-综合赋权法的海上风电APF配置优化方法研究

大容量海上风电机组的接入改变了传统电力系统结构,给电网带来了谐波等问题,影响了电能质量。为抑制海上风电机组产生的低次谐波,文章首先建立了海上风电机组并网电流的低次谐波理论模型;然后,在仿真软件ETAP上搭建海上风电机组仿真模型,验证不同出力情况下风电场的输出谐波特性;最后,基于风电场输出谐波特性,提出变异系数(Variation Coefficient,VC)综合赋权法对风电场有源滤波器(APF)进行优化配置,提升了风电场谐波的治理效果。基于实际算例验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于HSV空间的煤矿井下低光照图像增强方法

针对煤矿井下采集到的图像对比度低、光照不均和细节信息弱等问题,提出一种基于色相-饱和度-明度(Hue-Saturation-Value,HSV)颜色空间的煤矿井下低光照图像增强方法。该方法基于图像的HSV空间,通过对低光照图像的亮度通道V通道的主要结构和边缘细节分别进行对比度增强,这样可以更好地抑制图像细节丢失,同时可以较好地再现原图中的轮廓和纹理细节。首先,将输入的煤矿井下低光照图像转换到HSV空间,利用相对全变分滤波(RTV)与改进的边窗滤波(SWF),分别对提取的V通道图像进行主要结构提取和轮廓边缘保留,对其非线性灰度拉伸后利用主成分分析融合技术(PCA)重构V通道图像,即融合V通道图像的主要结构和精细结构,最后合成图像,完成图像增强。通过实验验证,提出的基于HSV空间的煤矿井下低光照图像增强方法,在色彩和边缘模糊处理等方面表现良好,在煤矿井下工作面等环境中,对图像进行定量和定性实验,结果表明,与6种方法相比,增强图像的对比度、自然度和图像细节方面表现更好。

误差状态卡尔曼滤波的视觉惯性自适应融合定位方法研究

头盔瞄准具(HMS)是近年来新一代战斗机飞行员的辅助瞄准设备,能够帮助飞行员增强战场态势感知能力,对敌方目标进行快速、精准打击。其能正常工作的关键是获取飞行员头部相对于运动飞机的姿态参数。本文结合头盔瞄准具这一应用场景研究了视觉组合姿态测量关键技术。视觉惯性组合定位能够实现目标位姿测量方法的优势互补,而由于标称噪声矩阵无法绝对准确预测,融合算法的鲁棒性、精度有待进一步提升。针对这一问题,本文提出一种误差状态卡尔曼滤波框架下基于变分贝叶斯推断的视觉惯性自适应融合方法。首先,对于过程噪声使用逆威沙特(Wishart)分布进行建模,之后通过引入隐变量分解一步预测协方差,并结合变分贝叶斯推断实现了对过程噪声协方差矩阵的在线估计。试验证明,在复杂运动及标称噪声协方差矩阵偏移较大的测量条件下,所提位姿测量算法具有较高的精度与鲁棒性,能够完成对靶标的快速、高精度跟踪。

基于TV模型的改进算法在图像修复中的应用

基于TV(total variation)模型的修复算法有较好的恢复效果,但对参数的选取比较敏感,且运算量大。文章提出了基于TV模型的改进的自适应算法,可根据破损区域外部参考像素对待修补点的相关度,通过设置不同的参数和权值,将不同形状的待修复区域所用的不同算法统一表示,使其应用范围更广、速度更快;此外,在迭代过程中,设置不同的参数以解决参数选取的敏感问题,从而达到更好的修复效果。实验表明,该算法能高效、稳定地处理破损区域的图像信息。

综合自适应阈值与多尺度的TV图像修复方法

基于TV模型的图像修复算法具有较好的修复效果,但其对参数的选取较敏感,且运算量较大。该文提出了一种综合自适应阈值与多尺度的TV图像修复算法,该方法不仅可以提高TV图像修复模型的修复稳定性,还可以进一步压缩运算量,提高修复速度。

基于自适应中值滤波器和TV修复的椒盐噪声去除(英文)

提出一种两步式椒盐噪声去除方法.第一步利用自适应中值滤波器来识别出被噪声污染的候选点;第二步利用一种边缘保持技术(全变差图像修复)来恢复出被噪声污染的点.由于椒盐噪声点的灰度值和原始像素灰度独立,所以在采用恢复技术时不使用噪声点自身的灰度信息.在噪声率不很高的情况下,这种方法可以获得比现有最好方法更高的信噪比;当噪声率高达70%以上时,该方法的信噪比与现有方法非常接近,但是主观视觉效果(例如边缘保持能力)更佳.

改进TV复原模型的彩色-灰度图像变换方法

针对彩色图像到灰度图像的变换这一问题,提出了一种新的基于TV(全变分)复原模型的新方法。利用Sapiro等所提出的矢量图像的水平集概念,结合全变分复原,建立新的变换模型,实现算法。实验表明,所提方法实现的彩色一灰度图像变换,不仅很好地解决了原来传统变换不能保持形状的问题,并且能解决Sapiro等所提出方法的边缘模糊化缺点,使变换后图像的边缘锐利程度得到了较大的提高。

基于融合距离的极化SAR图像非局部均值滤波

在极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像降噪领域,常见的非局部均值滤波仅依靠像素间的统计距离进行相似性度量,忽略了像素点的空间信息。本文结合极化SAR数据统计特性和图像空间特征作为像素间的相似性度量,提出了一种利用融合距离来计算相邻窗口权重的方法——基于融合距离的非局部均值滤波器。融合距离的引入使得滤波器能够更全面的评估像素间的相似性,从而得到更合适的像素权重。此外,本方法还引进变异系数对邻域窗口的权重进行评估,通过该参数可以控制滤波的程度。在多幅极化SAR图像上的实验结果表明,所提出的滤波器能够在有效抑制斑点噪声的同时保留较为完整的图像边缘信息和极化散射特性。