Breeding of New Maize Variety ‘Wan-de No.1' with High Quality, High Yield and Multi-resistance

Considering the ecological environment of Sichuan area, an experiment was conducted to breed new maize varieties with high yield, high quality, multi re- sistance and wide adaptability. According to the principle of gene recombination, the authors combined the local tropical germplasm with PB germplasm, which was rich in disease-resistant, lodging-resistant and drought-tolerant genes, and the integration was used as the innovative strategy for breeding. Inbred-line ＇LSC 107＇ was suc- cessfully bred and the new maize hybrid ＇Wande No.l＇ was bred by crossing ＇LSC 107＇ with ＇Yi 99-19＇. The results showed that the maize hybrid had good performance, including high yield, good stability, high quality, excellent disease re- sistance and lodging resistance, and wide adaptation. So it was adaptable for plant- ing in plain and hilly areas of Sichuan Province. With hybrid recombination between local tropical germplasm and PB inbred lines, the inbred-line had high general com- bining ability and strong adaptability, and the hybrid had high yield, high quality and wide adaptability, and had broad prospects of popularization and application.

Breeding and Application Prospects of a New Quinoa Variety Longli 1

Longli 1 （ Chenopod/um qu/noa Willd） was the first new quinoa variety in China, which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding, cultivation and domestication. In muhipeint regional test, the average yield of Longli 1 was 2 100. （30 kg/hm2, which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle qulnoa. Langli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety. The plant was brcom-shape, with the plant height of 181.2 - 223.6 cm, the growth period of 128 - 140 d, and the branch number of 23 - 27. The seeds were round pill shaped, with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40 -3.46 g. The contents of crude protein, fat, proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5 -187.8, 56.5 -59.3, 5.5 -6.9 and 4.5 -6.8 g/kg, re- spectively. I_ongli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot, with strong disease-resistant ability. In multipeint regional test and production test, Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability. It also presented resistance to cold, drought, saline and alkaline, and barren, with wide adaptability. Longh 1 was suitable for planting in mountains, plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d, rainfall more than 250 mm, and altitude 1 500 -3 000 m. The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.

Effect of Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and Ethychlozate on Fruit Development and Quality of Mango Cultivar 'Tainong 1'

The fruit swelling effect of forchlorfenurun （CPPU） and fruit thinning effect of ethychlozate on Tainong 1 mango （Mangifera indica L. cv. ） were studied. Spraying 32 mg/L CPPU at 7 and 21 d post flowering for just once significantly improved the fruit size of mango, but had no significant impact on fruit quality and flavor. Spraying 200 mg/L ethychlozate at 7 d post flowering for just once significantly increased fruit drop rate and single fruit weight of mango; fruit grade was improved and total soluble solid increased to the maximum value, so ethychlozate had good fruit thinning effect.

Breeding of A New Cucumber Variety ‘Lvyou No.1＇

‘Lvyou No. 1＇,bred in Huasheng Agriculture Limited Liability Company of Shandong Province,is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing two inbred lines HS267014 and HS6201. It is an early-maturing variety with wide adaptability,high yield,and good commercial breeding. The plant has strong growth vigor and high resistance to white powder mildew. The first fruit sets on the 4 ^th-5^ th section,and the fruiting ratio of cucumber is 60%-80%. The cylindrical fruit is about 30-35 cm in length,3. 2-3. 5 cm in diameter with light green skin and glossy appearance. This plant has demonstrated adaptability in early-spring and late-autumn planting as well as spring and autumn tunnel planting.

Breeding of a New Breakthrough Tea Tree Variety Tianfu No.1

Tianfu No.1 is bred from a plant in the population of Sichuan through system selection,which is characterized with early and uniform germination,hypertrophic shoots,full cover with pekoes and long picking period of single shoots.Compared with those of Fuding white tea(CK),the fresh leaf yield,tea polyphenols content,free amino acids content,caffeine content and soluble sugar content of Tianfu No.1 were increased by 8.89%,6.98%,10.00%,2.96%and31.58%,respectively.Tianfu No.1 is a new rare breakthrough tea variety with high development potential,good intrinsic biochemical quality,and strong adaptability for processing multi-typed tea products such as green tea,white tea,black tea and dark tea,etc.It has strong stress resistance and can still grow better in low-humidity areas.In addition,it is not easy to flower and fruit.

Rapid Progation Technique of New Variety of Asparagus--Linlu No.1

This study explored the medium for new variety of Asparagus——Linlu No.1 to induce germination, bud proliferation,and induce rootings and their formula. The result revealed that MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L is the suitable medium for germination; MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L is the medium fit for bud proliferation and 1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.05 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L is the perfect medium for rootings.

New Walnut Cultivar “Ludian-dama No.1”

＂Ludian-dama No.1＂ is a late frost-avoiding new walnut varieties bred from seedling in cold region of Yunnan Province in the northeast of Yunnan Ludian County. The new variety had oval nut, circled base of fruit and lightly sharp top fruits with the average single fruit weight of 14.44 g, and the shell engraved a large shallow with wrinkle surface. The suture line was protuberant and tight, and the shell thickness was 0.89 mm. The inner fold wall had paper quality, and diaphragm was well-developed. The kernel rate was 51.2% with rough fat content of 74.67%, protein content of 18.5%. And it was easy to peel off the kernel, which was large and full with delicate taste. ＂Ludian-dama No.1＂ passed the examination and approval of the Forest Variety Approval Committee of Yunnan Province in December, 2014.

皱木耳‘中菌皱木耳1号’选育

将采自云南省临沧市永德县大雪山乡大平掌村壳斗科(Fagaceae)倒腐木上的野生子实体鉴定为皱木耳(Auricularia delicata),经过组织分离、初筛,以菌株YD-1为对照,通过复筛获得最优菌株,通过拮抗实验、构建系统发育树比较菌株间的差异,通过中试和示范栽培比较菌株间的生物学效率。结果表明:初筛选出菌丝生长旺盛、菌丝生长速度较快和生物学效率较高的分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005,复筛时对照菌株YD-1的子实体颜色为黄褐色,分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005的子实体颜色为浅黄色,获得最优菌株ZJZME001,与菌株YD-1形成明显的拮抗线;通过系统发育树分析表明菌株ZJZME001为皱木耳,其中试和示范栽培的生物学效率均显著高于对照菌株YD-1,达120%以上;与对照菌株YD-1相比,菌株ZJZME001的子实体的锌、铁、钙、硒、蛋白质和维生素B1含量较高,氨基酸总量也较高,但粗纤维含量较低。2023年9月25日,菌株ZJZME001通过云南省非主要农作物品种鉴定,定名为‘中菌皱木耳1号’。

龙燕1号燕麦新品种的选育

为了选育高产、优质、适应东北三省及内蒙古地区种植的燕麦新品种,试验于2015年采用母本边锋和父本牧乐思进行种间杂交,并通过系统衍生法进行选育,对选育得到的燕麦新品种进行品种比较试验、区域试验及生产试验。结果表明:经选育得到龙燕1号燕麦,其2019—2020年两年平均干草产量及种子产量分别为15 100.0 kg/hm^(2)、4 760.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照牧乐思、白燕7号分别增产16.84%、11.71%和14.96%、11.11%,差异显著(P<0.05);两年(2022,2023年)多点(齐齐哈尔市、哈尔滨市、双鸭山市、绥化市)的平均干草产量龙燕1号最高,达9 857.14 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照青海444、青引2号增产18.11%、45.30%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在4个试验区哈尔滨市、兰西县、杜蒙县、肇东市的两年平均干草产量分别达到11 812.73 kg/hm^(2)、9 602.57 kg/hm^(2)、12 263.64 kg/hm^(2)和11 961.97 kg/hm^(2),比对照白燕7号分别增产11.57%、11.92%、12.60%、11.24%。说明饲用燕麦新品种龙燕1号燕麦相较亲本具有更好的生产性能,在东北三省均可种植。

台农1号百香果的营养成分及食用安全性

【目的】探明棚架立柱栽培方式对百香果果实营养成分、重金属及农药残留的影响,为集中水肥、农药等物资利用及选择种植模式提供科学依据。【方法】以百香果品种台农1号为研究对象,采用棚架立柱栽培(种植密度166株/667m^(2)),参照《中国植物志》对植株进行植物学性状描述,采用国标检测方法对果实水分、灰分、蛋白质、淀粉、总酸、维生素C、总黄酮、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、钾、镁、锌、锰、钙、氨基酸、多菌灵、氟氯氰菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯、百菌清、铅、镉等进行测定,并对重金属和农药残留进行安全性评价。【结果】台农1号茎圆柱形,叶纸质,掌状3深裂,外果皮光滑,紫色或紫红色,具香气;蛋白质、总黄酮、维生素C、钙、镁、锌含量较高,分别为2.85 g/100g、12.73 mg/100g、21.80 mg/100g、89.0 mg/kg和152.0 mg/kg、3.3 mg/kg;氨基酸16种,以谷氨酸含量最高,为320 mg/100g,赖氨酸为第一限制氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量为381 mg/100g、占总氨基酸的29.75%,非必需氨基酸含量为760 mg/100g、占59.32%,半必需氨基含量为140 mg/100g、占10.93%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为50.13%;未检出多菌灵、百菌清、氟氯氰菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯等农药残留;未检出重金属铅,镉含量低于限定值,在安全范围内。【结论】台农1号植株性状稳定,围绕立柱四周不同方位种植,其空间利用率大、果园通风透光好,果实营养丰富,未检测出农药残留,未受重金属污染,食用安全。

玉米新品种华纬1号的选育及栽培技术要点

为促进玉米新品种华纬1号的推广应用,介绍了该品种的亲本来源及杂交种选育过程、植株生物学特性、产量表现及配套栽培技术。华纬1号是黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所和吉林宏兴高科农业有限公司于2015年以自交系J1136为母本、自交系J0866为父本杂交育成的玉米新品种,2023年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号为黑审玉2023004)。2021-2022年区域试验平均产量为12 423.2 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种先玉696增产7.8%;2022生产试验平均产量为12 622.6 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种先玉696增产7.5%,该品种具有早发优势强、性状整齐、耐旱性好、亲本繁殖制种简单等优点。

丝瓜新品种‘衡亮1号’的选育

【目的】本研究旨在介绍‘衡亮1号’丝瓜,一种经过精心培育的优良自交系品种,具有耐热、耐湿和高产特性,适合在长江流域广泛种植。【方法】通过株内定向培育和多代单株选育,从株洲白丝瓜的变异单株中获得了‘衡亮1号’丝瓜。对该品种的生长特性、产量、品质等方面进行了详细观察和评估。【结果】‘衡亮1号’丝瓜为早熟品种,单瓜重量控制在0.48~0.61kg,果实纵径为26.0~27.2cm,呈现出短棒圆筒形的优美形态。果皮白绿油亮,果肉洁白如玉。全期产量高达2781.3kg/667m^(2),口感清香,品质卓越。【结论】‘衡亮1号’丝瓜是一种具有优良特性的瓜类蔬菜品种,适合在长江流域的广大地区进行大面积种植。其高产、优质的特点将为农业生产提供有力支持,满足市场需求。

龙菁1号紫花苜蓿新品种的选育

试验为解决寒区优质紫花苜蓿种质资源匮乏的难题,以抗寒、高产为育种目标,2002年起对9个国内外紫花苜蓿品种经过混合单株选择法及四代田间表型混合选择,选育龙菁1号紫花苜蓿品种。结果显示:在品种比较试验中,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿的干草产量、越冬率和粗蛋白含量最高,分别为10920.2 kg/hm^(2)、95.2%、19.22%;在区域试验中,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿在吉林白城地区的干草产量(11866.18 kg/hm^(2))最高;在生产试验中,与龙牧803、WL323HQ相比,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿在杜蒙地区的干草产量(10088 kg/hm^(2))最高。研究表明,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿品种的耐寒性、干草产量、粗蛋白含量均优于龙牧803和WL323HQ,是适合东北寒区人工草地建植、退化草原改良、粮改饲和草田轮作的优质牧草。

糯玉米品种通粘1号制种栽培技术要点研究

通粘1号是特色花粒糯玉米品种,具有优质高产稳产、结实性好、商品率高、口感好等优点,目前已在吉林省各区域大面积推广。该文主要阐述了玉米通粘1号亲本的主要特征特性以及制种栽培技术要求,同时介绍了通粘1号制种过程中的深耕、整地、起垄,种子精选、晾晒,适时播种、施肥、亲本去杂、病虫害防治等田间管理技术,为广大农户提供技术指导。

特色甜瓜新品种楚韵1号的选育

楚韵1号是湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所以自交系QTH102作母本,自交系QTH117为父本杂交选育而成的优质特色厚皮风味甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)新品种。早中熟,植株生长势中,果实发育期40~42 d,果实高圆形,果皮黄绿底覆网纹,果肉白绿色,单瓜重1.0~1.3 kg,肉厚2.5~2.8 cm,肉质软,微酸,中心糖含量16.0%~17.0%,酸甜可口,抗病性较强,适合长江中下游地区春季设施栽培。2024年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,编号为GPD甜瓜(2024)420022。

高油酸食用型黑花生新品种浙黑甜1号的选育

浙黑甜1号是浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所以花育51号为母本、云南四粒黑为父本进行有性杂交,经过多年多代选育出的高油酸食用型黑花生新品种。该品种具有高产稳产、早熟性好、抗病性强、黑色种皮、口感微甜等突出特性。2020—2021年连续2 a参加浙江省区域试验,荚果平均产量为3 892.95 kg·hm^(-2),籽仁平均产量为2 817.30 kg·hm^(-2),分别比对照小京生增产30.37%和36.27%。浙黑甜1号蛋白质含量27.1%,粗脂肪含量45.8%,油酸含量76.9%,油亚比(O/L)12.05,抗叶斑病、青枯病,中抗锈病。该品种于2023年12月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,适宜在长江中下游生态区浙江春播及夏播种植。

雪茄烟新品种雪雅香1号的选育及特征特性

【目的】选育适合国内种植的优质抗病雪茄烟茄衣新品种。【方法】以优质雪茄烟品种M6的雄性不育系(MSM6)为母本,抗病性强且产量较高的J20为父本,杂交选育了雄性不育一代杂交种雪雅香1号。【结果】该品种田间生长势强,生长整齐一致;抗病性表现较好,对烟草普通花叶病毒病(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)免疫,中抗黑胫病,中抗~抗青枯病,抗根黑腐病;烟叶主要经济性状表现较好,化学成分比例较协调,外观质量、物理特性符合优质茄衣的要求;雪茄烟风格较显著,香气量和香气质的表现较好。【结论】雪雅香1号是我国自主选育的雪茄烟新品种,能够兼顾品质、经济和抗病性,烟叶质量可以满足中式茄衣的需求,适宜在四川烟区、湖北烟区及国内其他同类烟区种植。

不同授粉方式对“台农1号”百香果果实性状的影响

生产上发现授粉方式对百香果发育及果实性状产生较大影响,为揭示其具体影响方式,以“台农1号”紫果百香果为材料,设置异株异花、同株异花、自花授粉3种授粉方式,测定比较不同授粉方式的果实成熟时间、着果率、果实外观性状、内在品质和种子性状等,并分析各性状指标间的相关性。结果表明,异株异花授粉和自花授粉着果率较高,分别达到98.3%和96.7%;不同授粉方式的单果质量和单果种子数存在显著性差异,从高到低依次为自花授粉>异株异花授粉>同株异花授粉;自花授粉和异株异花授粉可食率较高,而自花授粉果实纵径、横径最大。单果质量与果实横径均呈显著正相关,果实横径与果实纵径也呈极显著正相关;异株异花授粉和同株异花授粉果实单果质量与单果种子数呈显著正相关;同株异花授粉的果实固酸比与成熟时间呈极显著正相关,与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关。推测不同授粉方式对供试百香果品种果实性状影响较大。

Field Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Two Local Rice Varieties (Tox-728-1 and Madjitolngar) in Response to Indogenous Mycorrhizal Inoculation in South-Chad

This study was carried out to find out how dependent are two local rice varieties (Magitolngar and Tox-728-1) to inoculation with selected endogenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a field where they were isolated. The multi-indigenous endomycorrhiza spores previously isolated and identified were the active ingredient in the production of bioinoculants used for this purpose. Spores massively multiplied from the rhizosphere of each rice variety in each of the four locally collected soils substrates were harvested to constitute 08 AMF inoculants (Kema = T1;Lama = T2;Latox = T3;Ndjatox = T4;Koloma = T5;Kolotox = T6;Ndjama = T7;Ketox = T8). These inoculants were field tested on the two rice varieties at Kelo, under a complete randomized block design, comprising 10 treatments (8 inoculants, 01 positive control = T9, 01 negative control = T10), each of which was repeated thrice. The analysis of data indicates that AMF-inoculated plants were taller, developed more tillers/plant, and produced more rice grains/panicle than non-AMF-inoculated plants for both studied rice varieties. The rice variety Madjitolngar yielded more grains (7.5 t/ha) than the Tox-728-1 variety (5.8 t/ha). Moreover, inoculants Koloma (T1), Latox (T3) and Kolotox (T6) on the one hand, Koloma (T1) and Ketox (T8) on the other hand, were best suited for the improvement of growth and yield of the rice varieties Madjitolngar and Tox-728-1 respectively, tested under field conditions at Kelo. In this study, the two rice varieties have shown a dependency to endomycorrhizal symbiosis at Kelo, and therefore, an industrial-scale production of efficient endomycorrhal inoculants is necessary to sustainably boost the productivity of this important crop in Chad.

叶缘深裂刻甘蓝型油菜‘赣裂油杂1号’选育及配套栽培技术

为拓宽油菜种质遗传基础、创制性状优异的新种质以及培育高产、优质、高抗油菜新品种,江西省农业科学院作物研究所利用油菜与蔊菜远缘杂交创制叶缘深裂刻不育系、保持系与恢复系并配制杂交组合,经过多年鉴定筛选育成油菜新品种‘赣裂油杂1号’。该品种具有高产、高含油量、优质、抗病、耐密植、耐渍、抗旱等优良特性。区域试验中‘赣裂油杂1号’平均产量1872.30 kg/hm^(2),比对照‘中油杂12号’增产1.90%;平均产油量841.80 kg/hm^(2),比对照‘中油杂12号’增产3.46%。适宜江西及长江中游油菜产区种植,作为高含油量、耐密植新型叶缘深裂刻甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种,具有广阔的开发应用前景。