Time-sliced Velocity Map Imaging Study on Photodissociation of Neopentyl Bromide and Tert-pentyl Bromide at 234 nm

We present a first velocity map imaging study on the 234 nm photodissociation dynamics of two carbon-chain branched alkyl bromides, neopentyl bromide （denoted as NPB） and tert- pentyl bromide （denoted as TPB）. Unlike the 234 nm photodissociation of the unbranched n-C5H11Br molecule where only a direct fission of the C-Br bond is involved, the branched NPB and TPB molecules exhibit one and two more independent dissociation pathways with much energy being decayed via an extensive excitation of the bending modes of the parent molecules prior to the C-Br bond fission. This observation strongly suggests that the dissociation coordinate for the two carbon-chain branched molecules is no longer solely ascribed to the C-Br stretching mode but rather a combination of the bending-stretching modes.

Photodissociation Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide Cation via the Vibrationally Mediated A^2Hu,1/2 State： A Time-Sliced Velocity-Mapped Ion Imaging Study

We report on the photodissociation dynamics of CO2^＋ via its A2Пu,1/2 state using the scheme of [1＋1] photon excitation that is intermediated by the mode-selected A2Hu,1/2（Vl,V2,0） vibronic states. Photodissociation fragment exciation spectrum and images of photofragment CO＋ have been measured to obtain reaction dynamics parameters such as the available energy and the average translational energy. Combining with the potential energy functions of CO2^＋, the dissociation mechanism of CO2^＋ is discussed. The conformational variation of CO2^＋ from linear to bent on the photodissociation dynamics of CO2^＋ is verified.

Laser Ablation Atomic Beam Apparatus with Time-Sliced Velocity Map Imaging for Studying State-to-State Metal Reaction Dynamics

We report a newly constructed laser ablation crossed molecular beam apparatus, equipped with time-sliced velocity map imaging technique, to study state-to-state metal atom reaction dynamics. Supersonic metal atomic beam is generated by laser vaporization of metal rod, and free expansion design without gas flow channel has been employed to obtain a good quality of metal atomic beam. We have chosen the crossed-beam reaction Al＋O2 to test the performance of the new apparatus. Two-rotational-states selected AIO（X^2∑＋, v=0, N and N＋I4） products can be imaged via P（N） and R（N＋14） branches of the Av=l band at the same wavelength, during （1＋1） resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization through the AIO（D2E＋） intermediate state. In our experiment at 244.145 nm for simultaneous transitions of P（15） and R（29） branch, two rings in slice image were clearly distinguishable, corresponding to the AiO（v=0, N=IS） and AIO（v=0, N=29） states respectively. The energy difference between the two rotational levels is 403 cm^-1. The success of two states resolved in our apparatus suggests a better collisional energy resolution compared with the recent research study [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 214304 （2014）].

A Velocity Map Ion-imaging Study on Ketene Photodissociation at 218 nm

Photodissociation dynamics of ketene at 218 nm has been investigated using the velocity map ion-imaging method. Both angular and translational energy distributions for the CO products at different rotational and vibrational states have been obtained. The 2＋1 REMPI spectrum of CO products is also obtained. The results are as bellow： （i） CO products in the first two vibrational states （ v＂=0 and v＂=1 ） exhibit significant rotational excitation. Furthermore the rotational excitation of CO at the v＂=0 level is noticeably higher than that at the v＂=1 level. （ii） It was found that the major photodissociation pathway of ketene at 218 nm is the CH2（ǎ^1A1）＋CO（X^1∑^＋） channel, while the CH2（b^1B1）＋CO（X^1∑^＋） channel and the CH2（X^3B1）＋CO（X^1E^＋） channel are also likely present, （iii） The anisotropy parameters β of CO different rovibronic states all appear to be larger than zero. No significant difference is observed at the two vibrational states,

Photodissociation Dynamics of Dichlorodifluoromethane（CF2Cl2） around 235 nm using Time-Sliced Velocity Map Imaging Technology

Photodissociation dynamics of dichlorodifluoromethane (CF2Cl2) around 235 nm has been studied using the time-sliced velocity map imaging technology in combination with the resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization technology. By measuring the raw images of chlorine atoms which are formed via one-photon dissociation of CF2Cl2, the speed and angular distributions can be directly obtained. The speed distribution of excited-state chlorine atoms consists of high translation energy (ET) and low ET components, which are related to direct dissociation on 3Q0 state and predissociation on the ground state induced by internal conversion, respectively. The speed distribution of ground-state chlorine atoms also consists of high ET and low ET components which are related to predissociation between 3Q0 and 1Q1 states and predissociation on the ground state induced by internal conversion, respectively. Radical dissociation channel is confirmed, nevertheless, secondary dissociation and three-body dissociation channels are excluded.

Influence of the interaction volume on the kinetic energy resolution of a velocity map imaging spectrometer

We investigate the influence of the interaction volume on the energy resolution of a velocity map imaging spectrometer. The simulation results show that the axial interaction size has a significant influence on the resolution. This influence is increased for a higher kinetic energy. We further show that the radial interaction size has a minor influence on the energy resolution for the electron or ion with medium energy, but it is crucial for the resolution of the electron or ion With low kinetic energy. By tracing the flight trajectories we show how the electron or ion energy resolution is influenced by the interaction size.

4-13 Velocity Map Imaging Spectrometer for Photon-fullerene Collision Experiments

Imaging detector is an increasingly popular tool for measuring kinetic energy distributions of photoelectrons orions from photoionization and photodissociation[1;2]. An important advance in imaging is Velocity Map Imaging(VMI)[3], where the electron/ion optics consists of a lens, which signicantly reduces the sensitivity of the positionof impact on detector on the position of creation of the ion or electron, while maintaining the dependence of theposition of impact on the initial velocity.

EnSite Velocity指导下室上速、室性心律失常的绿色消融

零X线下进行电生理的各类射频消融手术被称作"绿色消融"。随着医疗器械设备的完善和术者临床操作水平的提高,它已成为治疗快速心律失常的重要方法。绿色消融具有无辐射、成功率高、并发症少等优点,能高效安全地完成电生理手术。Ensite Velocity三维电解剖系统具备较好的兼容性,任何导管只要与体内接触产生电阻后即可显示,可利用任何导管进行血管径路和心腔建模。2017年6至9月,南方医科大学南方医院在Ensite Velocity系统指导下尝试进行了22例零X线绿色消融,成功消融21例,1例左侧旁路因患者身材矮小致导管不能到位而失败,改为X线透射下成功消融。手术种类包括普通室上速、三尖瓣峡部依赖型房扑、右室流出道室早等。零X线下能完成绝大部分室上速和常规室早的消融,但也存在一些缺陷,如不能实时显示血管和心脏解剖结构、对术者操作手感要求较高、成本更高等。实施零X线手术时应当有床旁超声,以备安全;最好能在数字减影血管造影室进行手术,以便消融失败时能立即改为X线透射下消融。

Velocity anomaly analysis on low-amplitude structure and its application in Bohai Sea:a case study on QHD33-1S structure

Varying degree of velocity anomalies has been appeared in Shijiutuo uplift in Bohai Sea,which is mainly demonstrated in the inconsistent between seismic interpretation and the actual drilling depth.In this paper, QHD33-1S area is taken as the example.First of all,the main reason that causes the velocity anomaly phenomena is the effect of sand-formation ratio by forward model analysis,and then technical approaches to improve the accuracy of the velocity field and the degree of understanding of anomalies are further explored,resulting in more precise determination of horizontal variation trend of the velocity in QHD33-1S area.Consequences of actual applications indicate that through the accurate analysis of the velocity anomaly,we can not only realize the fine description of low-amplitude structure,but also the effective prediction of the hydrocarbon-bearing properties of the reservoir.Meanwhile,the results also have a certain significance for the other low-amplitude structures in Bohai Sea.

Image Motion Compensation of Off-Axis TMA Three-Line ArrayAerospace Mapping Cameras

To enhance the image motion compensation accuracy of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic( TMA)three-line array aerospace mapping cameras,a new method of image motion velocity field modeling is proposed in this paper. Firstly,based on the imaging principle of mapping cameras,an analytical expression of image motion velocity of off-axis TMA three-line array aerospace mapping cameras is deduced from different coordinate systems we established and the attitude dynamics principle. Then,the case of a three-line array mapping camera is studied,in which the simulation of the focal plane image motion velocity fields of the forward-view camera,the nadir-view camera and the backward-view camera are carried out,and the optimization schemes for image motion velocity matching and drift angle matching are formulated according the simulation results. Finally,this method is verified with a dynamic imaging experimental system. The results are indicative of that when image motion compensation for nadir-view camera is conducted using the proposed image motion velocity field model,the line pair of target images at Nyquist frequency is clear and distinguishable. Under the constraint that modulation transfer function( MTF) reduces by 5%,when the horizontal frequencies of the forward-view camera and the backward-view camera are adjusted uniformly according to the proposed image motion velocity matching scheme,the time delay integration( TDI) stages reach 6 at most. When the TDI stages are more than 6,the three groups of camera will independently undergo horizontal frequency adjustment. However, when the proposed drift angle matching scheme is adopted for uniform drift angle adjustment,the number of TDI stages will not exceed 81. The experimental results have demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed image motion velocity field model and matching optimization scheme,providing reliable basis for on-orbit image motion compensation of aerospace mapping cameras.

Ion-Velocity Imaging Study of Dissociative Charge Exchange Reactions between Ar^(+)and trans-/cis-Dichloroethylene

Dissociative charge exchange re-actions between Ar^(+)ion and trans-/cis-dichloroethylene(trans-/cis-C_(2)H_(2)Cl_(2))are investi-gated with the ion-velocity imag-ing technique.The dechlorinated product C_(2)H_(2)Cl^(+)is the predomi-nant,and most of this product show the spatial distribution around the target,implying that the dissociation occurs in the large impact-parameter collision and via the energy resonant charge transfer.Meanwhile,a few C_(2)H_(2)Cl^(+)locate around the center-of-mass,which is at-tributed to the fragmentation of intimate association between C_(2)H_(2)Cl_(2)and Ar^(+)or in the small impact-parameter collision.The product C_(2)HCl_(+)exhibits the velocity distribution fea-tures similar to those of C_(2)H_(2)Cl_(+).The rarest product C_(2)HCl_(2)+shows the distributions around the molecular target,due to the quick dehydrogenation after the energy-resonant charge transfer in the large impact-parameter collision.

Modified coupled map car-following model and its delayed feedback control scheme

A modified coupled map car-following model is proposed, in which two successive vehicle headways in front of the considering vehicle is incorporated into the optimal velocity function. The steady state under certain conditions is obtained. An error system around the steady state is studied further. Moreover, the condition for the state having no traffic jam is derived. A new control scheme is presented to suppress the traffic jam in the modified coupled map car-following model under the open boundary. A control signal including the velocity differences between the following and the considering vehicles, and between the preceding and the considering vehicles is used. The condition under which the traffic jam can be well suppressed is analysed. The results are compared with that presented by t^onishi et al. （the KKH model）. The simulation results show that the temporal behaviour obtained in our model is better than that in the KKH model. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

Use of GIS Based Maps for Preliminary Assessment of Subsoil of Guwahati City

Guwahati, the major city in the North Eastern region of India is growing rapidly in every aspect with major infrastructures like sports complex, educational institutions, hospitals, flyovers, multiplex halls, etc. Knowledge of the subsurface soil condition is necessary to ensure the structural safety and serviceability of the above mentioned structures before any construction. Therefore, contour maps of Standard penetration test N value, ground water table and shear wave velocity map using Geographical Information System (GIS) platform will be of great help to the foundation designers at the initial stage for site selection and preliminary foundation design under static and seismic condition. Contour maps of Standard penetration test N value at different depth and average contour map of N value of Guwahati city have been prepared. Standard penetration Test N values and depth of water table were taken from a data base of 200 boreholes up to 30 meter depth to prepare N value contour map of Guwahati city. A regression equation between shear wave velocity Vs and Standard penetration test N value based on twenty seven previous similar correlations was also developed. This regression equation was used to determine shear wave velocity of Guwahati city. The average shear wave velocities for 30 m depth for all locations had been determined and used to generate map on (GIS) platform. Other subsurface geotechnical information of Guwahati city like soil classification and depth to water level from ground surface is also presented in the form of GIS based maps in order to form a data base.

Evidence, hypotheses and significance of MAP kinase TNNI3K interacting with its partners

TNNI3K is a cardiac-specific and cardiac troponin I(cT n I)-interacting MAP kinase, known to play important roles in promoting cardiac differentiation, maintenance of beating rhythm and contractual force. The molecular structure of TNNI3 K contains three kinds of domain: a seven or ten NH2-terminal ankyrin repeat domain followed by a protein kinase domain and a COOH-terminal serine-rich domain. There are many binding sites in the structure of TNNI3 K for binding to ATP, magnesium, nucleotide, protein kinase C, antioxidant protein 1(AOP-1) and cT n I, indicating TNNI3 K has many interacting partners. This review summarizes the evidence, hypothesis and significance of TNNI3 K interacting with TNNI3 and its other putative interaction partners. From the literature, the interaction partners of TNNI3 K are divided into 2 types following their phenotypic pattern of functions, positive interaction(to increase the cardiac performance) or negative interaction(to suppress the cardiac performance). Following their binding sites, it also can be divided into other 2 types: binding to C-terminal domain(e.g., cT n I) or binding to both ankyrin repeat domain and C-terminal domains(AOP-1).To date, a well understood partner of TNNI3 K is cT nI, from the molecular structure, physiological function, mechanisms and its significance in some physiological and pathophysiological conditions. There are many reasons to believe that, with more understanding on the TNNI3 K interacting with its partners, we can understand more roles of TNNI3 K in some cardiac diseases.

A control method applied to mixed traffic flow for the coupled-map car-following model

In light of previous work [Phys. Rev. E 60 4000 （1999）], a modified coupled-map car-following model is proposed by considering the headways of two successive vehicles in front of a considered vehicle described by the optimal velocity function. The non-jam conditions are given on the basis of control theory. Through simulation, we find that our model can exhibit a better effect as p = 0.65, which is a parameter in the optimal velocity function. The control scheme, which was proposed by Zhao and Gao, is introduced into the modified model and the feedback gain range is determined. In addition, a modified control method is applied to a mixed traffic system that consists of two types of vehicle. The range of gains is also obtained by theoretical analysis. Comparisons between our method and that of Zhao and Gao are carried out, and the corresponding numerical simulation results demonstrate that the temporal behavior of traffic flow obtained using our method is better than that proposed by Zhao and Gao in mixed traffic systems.

滨里海盆地东缘速度建模方法研究与应用

滨里海盆地东缘阿克若尔地区石炭系碳酸盐岩顶面低幅度构造具有较大的油气勘探潜力,由于上覆下二叠统地层分布复杂,横向速度变化大,使得石炭系低幅度构造成图存在很大难度;为了解决研究区构造快速成图的问题,通过3种速度建模方法对比,优选出分频层速度反演方法,建立研究区的速度模型,解决了分频层速度反演受常规层速度反演方法横向连续性的限制问题,对下二叠统碳酸盐岩异常体的速度刻画更为准确;同时,分频层速度反演方法与井—震速度谱协同速度建模方法和常规井约束层速度反演相对比,提高了研究区下伏石炭系低幅度构造的深度域成图精度,取得了较好的效果。

南北朝·大地变迁的动力--漫步地震五千年(8)

地下应力场是地壳形变、岩体破坏、地震发生的直接力源,岩体的稳定性问题十分重要。通过国际合作已经完成了全球GPS速度场和地应力图的更新,有了动力源的板块就不再是一堆僵化构造体,它们运动的活力和内部的应力状况被第一次揭示出来。本文介绍了地应力原地测量的方法,应力张量结构的划分原则,全球和中国应力图的基本特征。对于地震的震源机制解,作者绘制了多种三维透视图,便于读者以看图识字的方式掌握震源机制解的地质含义。最后,以两个实例对比了实测应力图和震源机制解的异同,分析了当地动力学的背景。

一氧化二氮的光解动力学:O(^(1)D)+N_(2)(X^(1)∑_(g)^(+))产物通道

由于一氧化二氮(N_(2)O)在大气化学中的重要性,本文使用时间切片的离子速度成像技术重新研究了一氧化二氮在紫外吸收区域的光解离动力学.采用单色光测量了203.814nm和205.472nm光解产物O(^(1)D)的离子影像,以及采用双色光记录了从200到220nm范围八个光解波长下解离产物O(^(1)D)的图像.产物N_(2)(X^(1)∑_(g)^(+))碎片的转动态分布和各向异性参数的信息可以从图像中获取:实验结果表明,N_(2)产物的转动态分布发生反转,最大值在J≈70.随着N_(2)转动量子数J增加,各向异性参数β表现出两次显著的下降.根据前人的理论计算[J,Chem.Phys.136,044314(2012)],初始线性构型的轴向反冲程度的不同导致了β随J的变化.然而,在高J区域,非绝热跃迁之后的基态势能面上存在额外的扭矩,从而引起额外的转动激发和较低的β值.采用真空紫外单光子电离O(^(1)D)原子的双色实验能够准确地获得产物的转动态分布和角分布.该工作加深了对三原子分子光解机制的进一步理解.

元素周期表中的电子亲和势及砷电子亲和势的测量示例

基于先前对原子的电子亲和势和原子负离子的分析工作[J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data 51,021502(2022)],本篇综述提供了一个关于原子的电子亲和势的简要概述.本文简要描述和对比了三种常用的测量电子亲和势的实验方法,以凸显它们各自的优缺点.为了阐明目前研究中所使用的慢电子速度成像法的特点,本文对砷元素(As)的电子亲和势以及其负离子(As-)的激发态进行了测量.测得As元素的电子亲和势为6488.61(5)cm^(-1)或0.804485(6)eV.实验清晰地分辨了As-的精细结构,其激发态^(3)P_(1)能量比基态^(3)P_(2)的能量高出1029.94(18)cm^(-1)或0.12770(3)eV;激发态^(3)P_(0)能量比基态^(3)P_(2)的能量高出1343.04(55)cm^(-1)或0.16652(7)eV.

H_(2)S^(+)在A^(2)A_(1)(v1=1,v2=8,v3=0)激发态的光解动力学

振动激发在分子和离子的光解动力学中有着重要的作用:开展特定振动激发态分子离子的光解离动力学实验研究存在很大挑战,尤其是实现合频振动激发离子的量子态选择的制备.本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术研究了H_(2)S^(+)离子经A^(2)A_(1)(v1=1,v2=8,v3=0)激发态解离生成S^(+)(4S)和H_(2)的光解动力学.实验结合多光子电离和共振激发技术制备了振动激发的H_(2)S^(+),获得了离子在357.02~358.38nm范围内六个光解波长下产物S^(+)的速度影像.根据实验影像,获得了产物的总平动能谱和不同转动态的角分布各项异性参数特别指出地是在很窄的光解能量范围内,转动产物H_(2)(J=1)和H_(2)(J=3)的分支比出现多次反转,该现象与A^(2)A_(1)态单一振动模式激发的H2S+离子的光解动力学行为有明显不同.该研究表明,合频振动激发的H_(2)S^(+)离子光解动力学中可能存在振动模式之间的协同效应.