Combining with entransy theory, constructal designs of the X-shaped vascular networks(XSVNs) are implemented with fixed total tube volumes of the XSVNs. The entransy dissipation rates(EDRs) of the XSVNs are minimized,...Combining with entransy theory, constructal designs of the X-shaped vascular networks(XSVNs) are implemented with fixed total tube volumes of the XSVNs. The entransy dissipation rates(EDRs) of the XSVNs are minimized, and the optimal constructs of the XSVNs are derived. Comparison of the optimal constructs of the XSVNs with two optimization objectives(EDR minimization and entropy generation rate(EGR) minimization) is conducted. It is found that when the dimensionless mass flow rate(DMFR) is small, the optimal diameter ratio of the elemental XSVN derived by EDR minimization is different from that derived by EGR minimization. For the multilevel XSVN, when the DMFR is 100, compared the XSVN with the corresponding H-shaped vascular network(HSVN), the dimensionless EDRs of the elemental, second and fourth order XSVNs are reduced by 26.39%, 15.34% and 9.81%, respectively. Compared with the entransy dissipation number(EDN) of the second order XSVN before angle optimization, the EDN after optimization is reduced by 26.15%, which illustrates that it is significant to conduct angle optimization of the XSVN. Entransy theory is applied into the constructal design of the vasculature with heat transfer and fluid flow in this paper, which provides new directions for the vasculature designs.展开更多
Artificial organs are devices implanted into the living body as a substitute for damaged or diseased organs.Current efforts focus on the construction of fully functionalized artificial tissues/organs with vascular net...Artificial organs are devices implanted into the living body as a substitute for damaged or diseased organs.Current efforts focus on the construction of fully functionalized artificial tissues/organs with vascular networks.Although engineering efforts have been made in creating artificial vessels with simple or complex configurations,building vascular networks with hierarchical architectures approximating native counterparts remains challenging.Herein,we give a perspective of cellular fluidics-based construction of vascular networks for tissue engineering,with inspirations drawn from a novel concept of 3D fluidic control platform based on unit-cell constructs.Through architected design of the unit cells,it enables programmed control over gas-liquid-solid interfaces and fluid flow processes in open-cell structures.This cellular-fluidics concept and the associated platform provide lots of inspirations for constructing artificial vascular networks.We believe that cellular fluidics opens a new avenue for fluid control and deterministic delivery,and would find vast opportunities in tissue engineering.展开更多
The cerebral vasculature plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD),however,the specific association between them remains unclear.In this paper,based on the benefits of photoacoustic im...The cerebral vasculature plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD),however,the specific association between them remains unclear.In this paper,based on the benefits of photoacoustic imaging(PAI),including label-free,high-resolution,in vivo imaging of vessels,we investigated the structural changes of cerebral vascular in wild-type(WT)mice and AD mice at different ages,analyzed the characteristics of the vascular in different brain regions,and correlated vascular characteristics with cognitive behaviors.The results showed that vascular density and vascular branching index in the cortical and frontal regions of both WT and AD mice decreased with age.Meanwhile,vascular lacunarity increased with age,and the changes in vascular structure were more pronounced in AD mice.The trend of vascular dysfunction aligns with the worsening cognitive dysfunction as the disease progresses.Here,we utilized in vivo PAI to analyze the changes in vascular structure during the progression of AD,elucidating the spatial and temporal correlation with cognitive impairment,which will provide more intuitive data for the study of the correlation between cerebrovascular and the development of AD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Numerous references made clear that triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Nevertheless,the protective mechanism of triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases(...OBJECTIVE Numerous references made clear that triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Nevertheless,the protective mechanism of triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases(CCVDs)remains not comprehensive understanding.Hence,a network pharmacology-based method was suggested in this study to address this problem.METHODS This study was based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Information on compounds in herbal medicines of triphala formula was acquired from public databases.Oral bioavailability as well as drug-likeness were screened by using absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)criteria.Then,components of triphala,candidate targets of each component and known therapeutic targets of CCVDs were collected.Compound-target gene and compounds-CCVDs target networks were created through network pharmacology data sources.In addition,key targets and pathway enrichment were analyzed by STRING database and DAVID database.Moreover,we verified three of the key targets(PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6)predicted by using Western blotting analysis.RESULTS Network analysis determined 132 compounds in three herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening,and 23 compounds as well as 65 genes formed the principal pathways linked to CCVDs.And 10 compounds,which actually linked to more than three genes,are determined as crucial chemicals.Core genes in this network were IL-6,TNF,VEGFA,PTGS2,CXCL8,TP53,CCL2,IL-10,MMP9 and SERPINE1.And pathways in cancer,TNF signaling path⁃way,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.related to CCVDs were identified.In vitro experiments,the results indi⁃cated that compared with the control group(no treatment),PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 were up-regulated by treatment of 10μg·L^-1 TNF-α,while pretreatment with 20-80 mg·L^-1 triphala could significantly inhibit the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6.With increasing Triphala concentration,the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 decreased.CON⁃CLUSION Complex components and pharmacological mechanism of triphala,and obtained some potential therapeutic targets of CCVDs,which could provide theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs for treating CCVDs.展开更多
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field promising new therapeutic means for replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the fabrication of complex engineered tissues has been hampered due t...Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field promising new therapeutic means for replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the fabrication of complex engineered tissues has been hampered due to the lack of vascularization to provide sufficient blood supply after implantation. In this article, we propose using rapid prototyping technology to prefabricate a scaffold with an inside hollowed vascular system including an arterial end, a venous end and capillary networks between them. The scaffold will be ''printed'' layer by layer. When printing every layer, a ''low-melting point'' material will be used to form a blood vessel network and a tissue-specific material will be used outside it. Hereafter the ‘low-melting point’ material will be evacuated by vaporization to ensure a hollowed vessel network. Then the inside hollowed capillary network can be endothelialized by using autologous endothelial cells in a cycling bioreactor while the outside material can be embedded with tissue-special cells. In the end, the new vascularized autologous grafts could be transferred to the defect site by using microsurgical techniques to connect the grafts with the host artery and vein. The strategy would facilitate construction of complex tissue engineering if the hypothesis proved to be practical.展开更多
针对由于血管类间具有强相似性造成的动静脉错误分类问题,提出了一种新的融合上下文信息的多尺度视网膜动静脉分类网络(multi-scale retinal artery and vein classification network,MCFNet),该网络使用多尺度特征(multi-scale feature...针对由于血管类间具有强相似性造成的动静脉错误分类问题,提出了一种新的融合上下文信息的多尺度视网膜动静脉分类网络(multi-scale retinal artery and vein classification network,MCFNet),该网络使用多尺度特征(multi-scale feature,MSF)提取模块及高效的全局上下文信息融合(efficient global contextual information aggregation,EGCA)模块结合U型分割网络进行动静脉分类,抑制了倾向于背景的特征并增强了血管的边缘、交点和末端特征,解决了段内动静脉错误分类问题。此外,在U型网络的解码器部分加入3层深度监督,使浅层信息得到充分训练,避免梯度消失,优化训练过程。在2个公开的眼底图像数据集(DRIVE-AV,LES-AV)上,与3种现有网络进行方法对比,该模型的F1评分分别提高了2.86、1.92、0.81个百分点,灵敏度分别提高了4.27、2.43、1.21个百分点,结果表明所提出的模型能够很好地解决动静脉分类错误的问题。展开更多
目的:通过网络药理学的方法探索川芎-当归药对治疗血管性痴呆的作用机制。方法:应用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、GeneCards数据库检索,获得当归-川芎药对与血管性痴呆的交集靶点。构建交集靶点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络及...目的:通过网络药理学的方法探索川芎-当归药对治疗血管性痴呆的作用机制。方法:应用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、GeneCards数据库检索,获得当归-川芎药对与血管性痴呆的交集靶点。构建交集靶点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络及共同靶点的相互作用网络图,并对交集靶点进行基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。结果:共筛选出川芎-当归药对活性成分13个,作用靶点155个,血管性痴呆靶点1215个,取交集后获得共同作用靶点76个。核心成分为β-谷甾醇、杨梅酮、叶酸;核心靶点为丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase,MAPK)14、MAPK10。GO富集分析显示,以上共同作用靶点主要参与血管生成、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases,ERK)1和ERK2级联的正向调节、细胞内类固醇激素受体信号传导途径和凋亡过程的正调控等细胞生物过程。KEGG富集结果显示,交集靶点富集的信号通路中与血管性痴呆相关的主要有动脉粥样硬化相关信号通路、突触相关通路、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF)信号通路等。分子对接结果显示,川芎-当归药对的核心成分与核心靶点均结合稳定。结论:川芎-当归药对治疗血管性痴呆的作用是多靶点、多途径的,其作用机制可能与动脉粥样硬化、血清突触、TNF等信号通路相关。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51506220,51579244)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2016CFB504)the Independent Project of Naval University of Engineering(Grant No.425317Q017)
文摘Combining with entransy theory, constructal designs of the X-shaped vascular networks(XSVNs) are implemented with fixed total tube volumes of the XSVNs. The entransy dissipation rates(EDRs) of the XSVNs are minimized, and the optimal constructs of the XSVNs are derived. Comparison of the optimal constructs of the XSVNs with two optimization objectives(EDR minimization and entropy generation rate(EGR) minimization) is conducted. It is found that when the dimensionless mass flow rate(DMFR) is small, the optimal diameter ratio of the elemental XSVN derived by EDR minimization is different from that derived by EGR minimization. For the multilevel XSVN, when the DMFR is 100, compared the XSVN with the corresponding H-shaped vascular network(HSVN), the dimensionless EDRs of the elemental, second and fourth order XSVNs are reduced by 26.39%, 15.34% and 9.81%, respectively. Compared with the entransy dissipation number(EDN) of the second order XSVN before angle optimization, the EDN after optimization is reduced by 26.15%, which illustrates that it is significant to conduct angle optimization of the XSVN. Entransy theory is applied into the constructal design of the vasculature with heat transfer and fluid flow in this paper, which provides new directions for the vasculature designs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1313100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22002018)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai,and the Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(SSH1340011).
文摘Artificial organs are devices implanted into the living body as a substitute for damaged or diseased organs.Current efforts focus on the construction of fully functionalized artificial tissues/organs with vascular networks.Although engineering efforts have been made in creating artificial vessels with simple or complex configurations,building vascular networks with hierarchical architectures approximating native counterparts remains challenging.Herein,we give a perspective of cellular fluidics-based construction of vascular networks for tissue engineering,with inspirations drawn from a novel concept of 3D fluidic control platform based on unit-cell constructs.Through architected design of the unit cells,it enables programmed control over gas-liquid-solid interfaces and fluid flow processes in open-cell structures.This cellular-fluidics concept and the associated platform provide lots of inspirations for constructing artificial vascular networks.We believe that cellular fluidics opens a new avenue for fluid control and deterministic delivery,and would find vast opportunities in tissue engineering.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects 2022ZD0212200,Hainan Province Key Area R&D Program(KJRC2023C30,ZDYF2021SHFZ094)Project of Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health(XTCX2022JKB02).
文摘The cerebral vasculature plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD),however,the specific association between them remains unclear.In this paper,based on the benefits of photoacoustic imaging(PAI),including label-free,high-resolution,in vivo imaging of vessels,we investigated the structural changes of cerebral vascular in wild-type(WT)mice and AD mice at different ages,analyzed the characteristics of the vascular in different brain regions,and correlated vascular characteristics with cognitive behaviors.The results showed that vascular density and vascular branching index in the cortical and frontal regions of both WT and AD mice decreased with age.Meanwhile,vascular lacunarity increased with age,and the changes in vascular structure were more pronounced in AD mice.The trend of vascular dysfunction aligns with the worsening cognitive dysfunction as the disease progresses.Here,we utilized in vivo PAI to analyze the changes in vascular structure during the progression of AD,elucidating the spatial and temporal correlation with cognitive impairment,which will provide more intuitive data for the study of the correlation between cerebrovascular and the development of AD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603385)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643843)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2017JM8056)Key Research and Development Foundation of Shaanxi province(2018SF-241)
文摘OBJECTIVE Numerous references made clear that triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Nevertheless,the protective mechanism of triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases(CCVDs)remains not comprehensive understanding.Hence,a network pharmacology-based method was suggested in this study to address this problem.METHODS This study was based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Information on compounds in herbal medicines of triphala formula was acquired from public databases.Oral bioavailability as well as drug-likeness were screened by using absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)criteria.Then,components of triphala,candidate targets of each component and known therapeutic targets of CCVDs were collected.Compound-target gene and compounds-CCVDs target networks were created through network pharmacology data sources.In addition,key targets and pathway enrichment were analyzed by STRING database and DAVID database.Moreover,we verified three of the key targets(PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6)predicted by using Western blotting analysis.RESULTS Network analysis determined 132 compounds in three herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening,and 23 compounds as well as 65 genes formed the principal pathways linked to CCVDs.And 10 compounds,which actually linked to more than three genes,are determined as crucial chemicals.Core genes in this network were IL-6,TNF,VEGFA,PTGS2,CXCL8,TP53,CCL2,IL-10,MMP9 and SERPINE1.And pathways in cancer,TNF signaling path⁃way,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.related to CCVDs were identified.In vitro experiments,the results indi⁃cated that compared with the control group(no treatment),PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 were up-regulated by treatment of 10μg·L^-1 TNF-α,while pretreatment with 20-80 mg·L^-1 triphala could significantly inhibit the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6.With increasing Triphala concentration,the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 decreased.CON⁃CLUSION Complex components and pharmacological mechanism of triphala,and obtained some potential therapeutic targets of CCVDs,which could provide theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs for treating CCVDs.
文摘Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field promising new therapeutic means for replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the fabrication of complex engineered tissues has been hampered due to the lack of vascularization to provide sufficient blood supply after implantation. In this article, we propose using rapid prototyping technology to prefabricate a scaffold with an inside hollowed vascular system including an arterial end, a venous end and capillary networks between them. The scaffold will be ''printed'' layer by layer. When printing every layer, a ''low-melting point'' material will be used to form a blood vessel network and a tissue-specific material will be used outside it. Hereafter the ‘low-melting point’ material will be evacuated by vaporization to ensure a hollowed vessel network. Then the inside hollowed capillary network can be endothelialized by using autologous endothelial cells in a cycling bioreactor while the outside material can be embedded with tissue-special cells. In the end, the new vascularized autologous grafts could be transferred to the defect site by using microsurgical techniques to connect the grafts with the host artery and vein. The strategy would facilitate construction of complex tissue engineering if the hypothesis proved to be practical.
文摘针对由于血管类间具有强相似性造成的动静脉错误分类问题,提出了一种新的融合上下文信息的多尺度视网膜动静脉分类网络(multi-scale retinal artery and vein classification network,MCFNet),该网络使用多尺度特征(multi-scale feature,MSF)提取模块及高效的全局上下文信息融合(efficient global contextual information aggregation,EGCA)模块结合U型分割网络进行动静脉分类,抑制了倾向于背景的特征并增强了血管的边缘、交点和末端特征,解决了段内动静脉错误分类问题。此外,在U型网络的解码器部分加入3层深度监督,使浅层信息得到充分训练,避免梯度消失,优化训练过程。在2个公开的眼底图像数据集(DRIVE-AV,LES-AV)上,与3种现有网络进行方法对比,该模型的F1评分分别提高了2.86、1.92、0.81个百分点,灵敏度分别提高了4.27、2.43、1.21个百分点,结果表明所提出的模型能够很好地解决动静脉分类错误的问题。
文摘目的:通过网络药理学的方法探索川芎-当归药对治疗血管性痴呆的作用机制。方法:应用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、GeneCards数据库检索,获得当归-川芎药对与血管性痴呆的交集靶点。构建交集靶点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络及共同靶点的相互作用网络图,并对交集靶点进行基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。结果:共筛选出川芎-当归药对活性成分13个,作用靶点155个,血管性痴呆靶点1215个,取交集后获得共同作用靶点76个。核心成分为β-谷甾醇、杨梅酮、叶酸;核心靶点为丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase,MAPK)14、MAPK10。GO富集分析显示,以上共同作用靶点主要参与血管生成、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases,ERK)1和ERK2级联的正向调节、细胞内类固醇激素受体信号传导途径和凋亡过程的正调控等细胞生物过程。KEGG富集结果显示,交集靶点富集的信号通路中与血管性痴呆相关的主要有动脉粥样硬化相关信号通路、突触相关通路、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF)信号通路等。分子对接结果显示,川芎-当归药对的核心成分与核心靶点均结合稳定。结论:川芎-当归药对治疗血管性痴呆的作用是多靶点、多途径的,其作用机制可能与动脉粥样硬化、血清突触、TNF等信号通路相关。
