Exploring the link between brain topological resilience and cognitive performance in the context of aging and vascular risk factors:A cross-ethnicity population-based study

Brain aging is typically associated with a significant decline in cognitive performance.Vascular risk factors(VRF)and subsequent atherosclerosis(AS)play a major role in this process.Brain resilience reflects the brain’s ability to withstand external perturbations,but the relationship of brain resilience with cognition during the aging process remains unclear.Here,we investigated how brain topological resilience(BTR)is associated with cognitive performance in the face of aging and vascular risk factors.We used data from two cross-ethnicity community cohorts,PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events(PRECISE,n=2220)and Sydney Memory and Ageing Study(MAS,n=246).We conducted an attack simulation on brain structural networks based on k-shell decomposition and node degree centrality.BTR was defined based on changes in the size of the largest subgroup of the network during the simulation process.Subsequently,we explored the negative correlations of BTR with age,VRF,and AS,and its positive correlation with cognitive performance.Furthermore,using structural equation modeling(SEM),we constructed path models to analyze the directional dependencies among these variables,demonstrating that aging,AS,and VRF affect cognition by disrupting BTR.Our results also indicated the specificity of this metric,independent of brain volume.Overall,these findings underscore the supportive role of BTR on cognition during aging and highlight its potential application as an imaging marker for objective assessment of brain cognitive performance.

Logistic regression analysis on risk factors for vascular dementia following cerebral infarction in 403 patients from Chongqing City Hospital and family follow-up studies

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that the risk factors of vascular dementia following stroke are greatly different in region, race and other aspects. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the conditions and incidental risk factors of vascular dementia in patients with acute cerebral infarction from Chongqing City. DESIGN： Case analysis. SETTING： Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS： Altogether 546 inpatients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between May 1999 and December 2002 were involved in this study. The involved patients, including 295 males and 251 females, aged 55 - 94 years, dwelled in Chongqing over 5 years. They were admitted to hospital within 48 hours of attack of acute ischemic stroke, and survived for over 3 months. Informed consents were obtained from all the involved subjects. METHODS： ① Following the same standard, cognitive and social function evaluations were conducted by one physician on admission and 3 months after admission, Unified questionnaire, consisting of general characteristics, vascular risk factors, stroke characteristics, neurological physical sign, and other 28 factors of involved subjects, was used in all the patients. According to the investigation results, the patients were assigned into 2 groups： dementia group and non-dementia group. ②Ischemic stroke was diagnosed according to acute ischemic brain disorder 〉 24 hours and CT or MRI imageology.③ Neurophysiological examination was conducted in all the patients at 7 to l0 days after stroke （score was two SD less than or equaled to normal level was considered as abnormal）. ④Diagnosis and statistics of dementia were carried out with Mini-Mental State Examination and The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅳ （published by American Psychiatric Association） on admission and 3 months after admission. Neurologic deficit scoring was carried out with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. ⑤ Chi-square test was used for categorical variable, and t test for quantitative variable between dementia group and non-dementia group. Dementia-related factors were performed multiple-factor Logistic regression model analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Incidence of dementia and dementia-related risk factors of patients. RESULTS： Altogether 546 patients with stroke were involved in this study, 403 of them participated in the final analysis, and 143 dropped out. A total of 342 were followed-up in the hospital and 61 at home. At 3 months after cerebral infarction, vascular dementia occurred in 87 （21.6%） of 403 patients. The main risk factors were age （OR 1.179; 95%CI 1.130 - 1.230）, low education level （OR 1.806; 95%CI 1.024 - 3.186）, daily alcohol drinking （OR 3.447; 95%（1/ 1.591 - 7.468）, stroke history （OR 2.531; 95%CI 1.419 - 4.512）, atrial fibrilation（OR 3.475; 95%CI 1.712 - 7.057）, dysphonia （OR 5.873; 95%6/2.620 - 13.163） and left carotid artery infarction （OR 1.975; 95%（1/1.152 - 3.388）. CONCLUSION： The incidence of vascular dementia is determined by synthetic action of multiple risk factors. Dysphonia is the most important influencing factor.

Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors of Vascular Cognitive Disorder in Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients

Objectives: To identify the main risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction by Meta-analysis, and provide references for the effective prevention of the cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Methods: To retrieve the observational research literatures that refer to the risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke, which are published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu Chinese databases. The screening and data extraction of these literatures are independently completed by two researchers, who also give the quality evaluation of the literatures according to the evaluation criterion of the Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center. Then, Meta-analysis is conducted by using Revman5.3 software. Results: There are twenty-eight articles selected from 1507 literatures, with a total of 10,711 cases and 50 risk factors included. Among them, there are combined effects of ten factors which have statistical significance, such as infarction area, alcohol consumption, smoking, hyper homocysteinemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, history of cerebral infarction, hyperlipoidemia and education level. The relational merging OR value and 95% CI between the type-variable factors and cognitive impairment are 3.25 (1.84, 5.76);2.98 (2.58, 3.45);2.79 (1.69, 4.59);2.35 (1.93, 2.85);2.25 (1.86, 2.71);2.14 (2.10, 2.18);1.82 (1.62, 2.03);1.54 (1.24, 1.92);1.45 (1.34, 1.56);0.83 (0.78, 0.89). Conclusion: Infarction area, alcohol consumption, smoking, hyper homocysteinemia, hypertension, diabetesmellitus, age, history of cerebral infarction, hyperlipoidemia and low education level are the main risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Clinical nursing staff should include it into the routine assessment of patients with acute cerebral infarction and actively prevent and intervene.

Psychiatrists' approach to vascular risk assessment in Latin America

AIM: To explore the way in which Latin American psychiatrists approach the screening of vascular risk factors in patients receiving antipsychotic medication.METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study that surveyed Latin-American physicians to evaluate differences between groups divided in three main sections. The first section included demographic and professional data. The second section asked about the available medical resources: weighing scales, sphygmomanometer and measuring tape. Finally, the third section aimed at looking into the attitudes towards car-diovascular prevention. The latter was also divided into two subsections. In the first one, the questions were about weight, blood pressure and waist perimeter. In the second subsection the questions asked about the proportion of patients:(1) that suffered from overweight and/or obesity;(2) whose lipids and glycemia were controlled by the physician;(3) that were questioned by, and received information from the physician about smoking; and(4) that received recommendations from the physician to engage in regular physical activity. The participants were physicians, users of the medical website Intramed. The visitors were recruited by a banner that invited them to voluntarily access an online self-reported structured questionnaire with multiple options. RESULTS: We surveyed 1185 general physicians and 792 psychiatrists. Regarding basic medical resources, a significantly higher proportion of general physicians claimed to have weighing scales(χ2 = 404.9; P < 0.001), sphygmomanometers(χ2 = 419.3; P < 0.001), and measuring tapes(χ2 = 336.5; P < 0.001). While general physicians measured overweight and metabolic indexes in the general population in a higher proportion than in patients treated with antipsychotics(Z =-11.91; P < 0.001), psychiatrists claimed to measure them in patients medicated with antipsychotics in a higher proportion than in the general population(Z =-3.26; P < 0.001). Also general physicians tended to evaluate smoking habits in the general population more than psychiatrists(Z =-7.02; P < 0.001), but psychiatrists evaluated smoking habits in patients medicated with antipsychotics more than general physicians did(Z =-2.25; P = 0.024). General physicians showed a significantly higher tendency to control blood pressure(χ2 = 334.987; P < 0.001), weight(χ2 = 435.636; P < 0.001) and waist perimeter(χ2 = 96.52; P < 0.001) themselves and they did so in all patients. General physicians suggested physical activity to all patients morefrequently(Z =-2.23; P = 0.026), but psychiatrists recommended physical activity to patients medicated with antipsychotics more frequently(Z =-7.53; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Psychiatrists usually check vascular risk factors in their patients, especially in those taking antipsychotics. General practitioners check them routinely without paying special attention to this population.

血管性痴呆伴吞咽障碍病人营养不良现状与危险因素探讨

目的:调查血管性痴呆伴吞咽障碍病人营养不良情况,并探讨影响营养不良的危险因素。方法:选取2020年10—2022年9月在医院治疗的147例血管性痴呆伴吞咽障碍病人,采用营养风险筛查(NRS 2002)评分表评估病人营养状况,根据病人有无营养不良将其分为营养不良组和无营养不良组,比较两组病人的临床资料,并采用Logistic回归分析法分析营养不良的危险因素。结果:147例病人NRS 2002评分为(2.97±0.93)分,其中营养不良病人72例,占48.98%。营养不良组和无营养不良组性别、文化程度、婚姻状态、居住状态、吸烟史、饮酒史、血管性痴呆病程比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),营养不良组年龄≥70岁、家庭人均月收入<3000元、有基础疾病史、重度血管性痴呆、重度吞咽困难、牙齿缺损≥6颗病人占比高于无营养不良组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁、家庭人均月收入<3000元、有基础疾病史、重度血管性痴呆、重度吞咽困难、牙齿缺损≥6颗均是血管性痴呆伴吞咽障碍病人营养不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:血管性痴呆伴吞咽障碍病人营养不良发生率较高,营养不良的影响因素包括年龄、家庭人均月收入、基础疾病史、血管性痴呆程度、吞咽困难程度、牙齿缺损,临床亟需关注以上因素。

多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素。方法采用回归分析研究多发腔隙性脑梗死患者的年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、吸烟史、饮酒史、运动状况、饮食状况、家族痴呆史、家族高血压史、家族脑卒中史、家族糖尿病史、合并心脏病、合并高血压、合并高血脂、合并糖尿病、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的影响。结果450例患者中40例(8.89%)发生血管性认知障碍。年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分是多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生有显著影响,应在临床实践中加以重视,以制定有效的干预措施。

断指再植术后血管危象的相关危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的通过Logistic回归分析明确断指再植后出现血管危象的主要危险因素。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年10月本院收治断指再植总共68例患者的临床资料,按手术结束后有无血管危象归纳成发生组和未发生组,比较两组基本资料及临床资料差异,对存在差异的项目进行Logistic回归分析,确定影响术后血管危象发生的主要危险因素。结果68例患者中12例发生血管危象(包含动脉危象7例和静脉危象5例),总发生率是17.65%。旋转撕脱伤、完全离断、末节离断、吸烟史、动脉修复1根、静脉未吻合、就医时间>1.5 h、缺血时间>1.5 h、焦虑为术后发生血管危象的危险因素,OR值均>1。结论旋转撕脱伤、完全离断、末节离断、吸烟史、动脉修复1根、静脉未吻合、就医时间或缺血时间>1.5 h、焦虑是术后血管危象的危险因素,对有以上危险因素者应尽量缩短术前时间,同时术中操作需更细致,尽量达到多根血管修复,对患者加强宣教及心理干预,并警惕吸烟给血管危象带来的影响。

急性脑梗死病人继发血管性认知功能障碍风险预测模型的构建及验证

目的:分析急性脑梗死病人继发血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)的相关因素,构建风险预测模型,并进行效果检验。方法:采用便利抽样法选取常熟市第一人民医院2021年1月—2023年1月急性脑梗死病人180例为调查对象,根据有无出现VCI分为VCI组和非VCI组。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选急性脑梗死病人继发血管性VCI的独立危险因素,并构建风险预测模型,验证模型预测效果。结果:180例急性脑梗死病人中继发VCI的有51例,发生率为28.33%;Logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病病史、脑白质疏松、颈动脉粥样硬化、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分越高、有抑郁、高血清同型半胱氨酸、高血小板与淋巴细胞比值为急性脑梗死病人继发VCI的独立危险因素(P<0.05);风险预测模型的Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果为:χ2=8.203,P=0.336;模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.794,95%CI(0.750,0.837),约登指数为0.690,最佳截断值0.122,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为89.3%;模型预测准确率为88.89%。结论:本研究在急性脑梗死病人继发VCI的危险因素基础上,建立的风险预测模型具有良好拟合程度和区分能力,且准确度较好,能为预测急性脑梗死病人继发VCI风险提供有效依据。

难治性糖尿病黄斑水肿危险因素的研究进展

糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)是糖尿病视网膜病变中最常见的引起视力下降的并发症。DME的发病机制复杂,约1/3的DME患者对抗血管内皮生长因子药物应答不佳,我们将其定义为难治性DME。对难治性DME的危险因素的早期识别十分重要,有助于判断患者的预后,并指导临床治疗。本文对难治性DME的危险因素进行综述。

烧伤患者发生血管导管相关感染的病原菌分布及相关危险因素分析

目的探讨烧伤患者发生血管导管相关感染的病原菌分布情况及相关危险因素。方法收集2018年6月至2023年6月南京鼓楼医院集团安庆市石化医院收治的行中心静脉置管的患者的临床资料,根据是否发生血管导管相关感染将患者分为观察组(n=62,发生血管导管相关感染)和对照组(n=60,未发生血管导管相关感染)。对发生血管导管相关感染患者的病原菌进行分析与鉴定,并对烧伤患者发生血管导管相关感染的危险因素进行分析。结果观察组中,共培养出74株菌株:革兰阴性菌48株(64.9%),以鲍氏不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主;革兰阳性菌20株(27.0%),以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;真菌6株(8.1%)。单因素分析结果显示,两组患者的年龄、糖尿病比例、烧伤面积、手术时间、静脉置管时间、抗生素使用时间、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、烧伤面积≥10%、手术时间≥3 h、静脉置管时间≥7 d、WBC升高、CRP水平升高均是烧伤患者发生血管导管相关感染的独立危险因素,抗生素使用时间≥48 h是烧伤患者发生血管导管相关感染的保护因素(P﹤0.05)。结论烧伤患者血管导管相关感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,临床应根据病原菌感染情况采取针对性抗菌治疗;同时,烧伤患者血管导管相关感染受年龄、烧伤面积、手术治疗时间、静脉置管时间及糖尿病等因素的影响,临床应加强对烧伤患者上述指标的筛查,并积极采取针对性防治措施。

糖脂代谢病发生非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的风险预测研究

背景随着我国人口老龄化程度的不断加剧,血管性认知障碍(VCI)的发病率逐年增加。非痴呆型血管性认知障碍(VCIND)是VCI最常见的形式。目前研究表明,糖脂代谢病会加速VCI进程且VCI的治疗侧重于控制危险因素,缺少糖脂代谢病发生VCIND的相关研究。目的分析糖脂代谢病患者发生VCIND的危险因素,构建回归模型并进行风险预测。方法选取2023年3—12月在广东省中医院脑病中心住院的糖脂代谢病患者410例,根据简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)将患者分为认知正常组(MMSE>26分)和VCIND组(MMSE≤26分)。采用多因素Logistic回归评估中老年糖脂代谢病患者发生VCIND的影响因素,并构建糖脂代谢病发生VCIND的风险预测模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的预测价值,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果410例患者中认知正常组有209例,发生VCIND 201例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低文化程度[小学以下(OR=25.989,95%CI=5.656~119.427)、小学(OR=6.839,95%CI=3.919~11.933)]、Fazekas分级(OR=1.700,95%CI=1.124~2.570)是糖脂代谢病人群发生VCIND的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果建立预测模型为logit(P)=-1.608+小学×1.923+小学以下×3.285+Fazekas分级×0.531,该模型的AUC为0.767(95%CI=0.721~0.813,P<0.001),灵敏度为0.726,特异度为0.756,约登指数为0.482;Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示,模型拟合效果较好(χ^(2)=13.404,P=0.099)。结论低文化程度、Fazekas分级是糖脂代谢病人群发生VCIND的独立影响因素。基于此建立的风险预测回归模型,预测价值较好,有助于早期识别糖脂代谢病患者发生VCI的高危人群。

断指再植术后血管危象的危险因素探讨及预防对策:110例回顾性研究

目的分析110例断指再植术后患者血管危象的危险因素,并制定相应预防对策。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2023年6月郑州仁济医院110例断指再植术患者,根据术后是否发生血管危象将其分为对照组(87例,未发生血管危象)和观察组(23例,发生血管危象)。统计两组的一般资料,对其进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析,以筛选出断指再植术后血管危象的相关危险因素。结果两组的性别、年龄、吸烟史、移植静脉、缺血时间、创伤类型、离断平面、就诊时间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的合并糖尿病、合并高血压、合并高血脂、断指部位比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄<12岁、有吸烟史、有移植静脉、缺血时间≥10 h、挤压切割、末节离断、就诊时间≥1.5 h是断指再植术后血管危象的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论女性、年龄<12岁、有吸烟史、有移植静脉、缺血时间≥10 h、挤压切割、末节离断、就诊时间≥1.5 h是断指再植术后血管危象的独立危险因素,临床上应注意对高危患者实施相应的预防措施,减少血管危象的发生,改善患者预后。

影响湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性治疗应答不良的相关因素研究进展

湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wARMD)是引起中老年人群视力不可逆性下降的主要原因之一。目前,临床一线使用的抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物在治疗wARMD上效果显著。然而在实际临床应用中,对抗VEGF药物治疗的预后表现存在显著的个体差异,部分患者对治疗表现出应答不良现象,究其原因可能与黄斑区视网膜各层结构的形态学差异、遗传基因学、全身情况等因素相关。提前根据患者不同的临床表现判断其预后,将有助于制定更加合理的个体化治疗方案,以减少过度治疗,从而降低对视网膜损伤的风险。近年来关于治疗应答的研究多集中在眼底形态学、遗传基因学等方面。本文将对影响wARMD不良应答反应的相关因素作一综述,旨在为临床工作者制定更加精准的治疗及预后监测方案提供参考。

非小细胞肺癌患者全胸腔镜肺叶切除术远期预后及危险因素分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者全胸腔镜肺叶切除术远期预后及危险因素。方法回顾性分析新乡市第一人民医院2017年1月至2020年1月收治的84例行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者临床资料,分析患者手术情况,统计患者的生存率和复发率,分析非小细胞肺癌患者的临床病理学特征,采用单因素和多因素分析影响患者远期预后的因素。结果所有患者均进行随访,中位随访时间为30个月,失访4例。80例患者中,生存59例,死亡21例,5年无病生存率62.50%(50/80),总生存率73.75%(59/80),复发率11.25%(9/80)。单因素分析结果显示,生存组和死亡组淋巴结清扫总数、脉管浸润、T分期差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,淋巴结清扫总数(OR=4.625,95%CI:4.455~4.707)、脉管浸润(OR=3.746,95%CI:3.711~3.784)、T分期(OR=2.390,95%CI:1.988~2.796)均为影响非小细胞肺癌患者预后影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌预后主要与淋巴结清扫总数、脉管浸润、T分期有关,需对非小细胞肺癌患者做好随访和监测,及时发现复发和转移,采取有效措施,提高患者生存率。

基于临床病理特征的胃癌脉管或神经侵犯模型的构建与分析

目的探讨胃癌患者发生脉管侵犯(lymph blood vessel invasion,LBVI)或周围神经侵犯(preineural invasion,PNI)的危险因素,并构建预测LBVI或PNI发生风险的列线图模型。方法收集2014年5月~2022年3月青海省人民医院收治的268例胃癌患者的临床与病理资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选发生LBVI或PNI的危险因素,基于多因素Logistic回归分析结果构建列线图模型,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristics,ROC)曲线和校准曲线评价列线图模型的诊断效能,采用临床决策分析(clinical decision analysis,DCA)曲线分析列线图预测模型的临床获益性。结果268例胃癌患者中,119例(44.4%)发生LBVI或PNI,149例(55.6%)未发生LBVI或PNI。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大径、分化程度、病理分期、浸润深度和淋巴结转移数目是胃癌患者发生LBVI或PNI的危险因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大径、分化程度和淋巴结转移数目是胃癌患者发生LBVI或PNI的独立危险因素(P<0.01);基于上述3个危险因素建立LBVI或PNI风险列线图模型,模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.806,敏感度为63.9%,特异性为83.2%,校准曲线内部验证得到一致性指数为0.811,平均绝对误差值(mean absolute error value,MAE)为0.016;Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示,P>0.05;DCA曲线的阈值概率为0.08~0.97时,患者的临床净获益率较高。结论肿瘤最大径、分化程度和淋巴结转移数目是胃癌患者发生LBVI或PNI的独立危险因素,基于危险因素构建的LBVI或PNI风险列线图预测模型有较好的预测效率和临床适用性,该模型有助于临床预测胃癌患者是否发生LBVI或PNI。

成人急性主动脉夹层患者血管置换手术治疗后与住院死亡相关的危险因素分析

目的探讨成人急性主动脉夹层(acute aortic dissection,AAD)患者血管置换手术治疗后与住院死亡相关的危险因素。方法连续纳入2018年1月至2023年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院601例明确诊断为成人AAD患者(年龄≥18岁)的完整临床病历资料。根据住院结局分为生存组(n=532)和死亡组(n=69),单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析术前基线临床资料、术中和术后相关变量确定血管置换手术治疗后与住院死亡相关的独立危险因素。结果研究期间共601例成人AAD患者接受血管置换手术治疗,男性430例(71.5%),女性171例(28.5%),平均年龄(53.1±12.7)岁,平均体重指数(BMI)(25.6±4.1)kg/m^(2)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)(P<0.001),手术时间(P=0.008),住院期间二次手术(P=0.001),术后并发急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)(P=0.030)、肺部感染(P=0.004)、血流感染(P=0.001)、重症感染(P<0.001)、接触体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)(P<0.001)和连续肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)(P<0.001)是AAD血管置换手术治疗后与住院死亡相关的独立危险因素。年龄、性别、BMI、AAD的类型、接受升主动脉置换术和Bentall+Sun′s术与手术治疗后住院死亡风险无关(P均>0.05)。将AAD血管置换手术治疗后与住院死亡相关的独立危险因素纳入ROC曲线分析,结果显示,AUC为0.890(95%CI 0.848~0.932,P<0.001),敏感度为88.9%,特异度为68.3%。结论强调对高危人群的规范化围手术期管理,加强医院内感染防控措施,对降低成人AAD住院患者病死率及改善短期和长期预后具有重要意义。

基于倾向性匹配评分的老年患者X线对比超声引导股动脉穿刺的安全性分析

目的 分析老年患者应用X线对比超声引导经股动脉穿刺的安全性。方法 选取2016年1月至2022年12月于北京朝阳医院行经股动脉心脑血管介入治疗的患者480例,采用X线透视引导股动脉穿刺患者326例作为X线组,采用血管多普勒超声引导股动脉穿刺患者154例作为超声组。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)以1?1比例进行分组,最终纳入患者270例,分为X线组135例,超声组135例。比较2组一般临床资料、穿刺成功率、穿刺位置及血管并发症。多因素logistics回归分析血管并发症的危险因素。结果 PSM前,2组皮肤皱褶到股总动脉分叉距离、褶皱到腹股沟韧带距离比较无显著差异[(2.5±1.0)cm vs(2.4±0.8)cm,P>0.05;(6.4±1.4)cm vs(6.3±1.7)cm,P>0.05]。PSM后,X线组穿刺位置位于股总动脉分叉以下发生率高于超声组(14.8%vs 6.7%,P<0.05),2组穿刺一次成功率、血管并发症发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。多因素logistics回归分析显示,穿刺位置非股总动脉和股动脉钙化是血管并发症的独立危险因素(OR=8.379,95%CI:3.561~19.717;OR=3.922,95%CI:1.664~9.242)。结论 X线与超声引导股动脉穿刺安全性无显著差异。在临床工作中根据不同患者选择合适的穿刺技术或者结合使用。

血清PLGF、sFlt-1水平在高危孕产妇子痫前期诊断及预后中的应用

目的探讨血清胎盘生长因子(PLGF)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sFlt-1)指标水平在高危孕产妇子痫前期诊断及预后中的应用价值。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月接受规律产检与分娩的98例高危孕产妇,依据是否出现子痫前期分作2组,43例确诊子痫前期者为观察组,55例无子痫前期者为对照组,另依据病情严重程度将观察组孕产妇分为轻度组19例、重度组24例。所有患者均接受血清PLGF、sFlt-1水平检测,分析此指标水平在子痫前期诊断与预后评价中的应用价值。结果观察组血清PLGF水平低于对照组,sFlt-1水平高于对照组,且观察组的PLGF/sFlt-1高于对照组(P<0.05);重度子痫前期组的PLGF水平低于轻度组,sFlt-1水平高于轻度组,且重度组的PLGF/sFlt-1高于轻度组(P<0.05);新生儿窒息者PLGF水平比胎儿窘迫者低,且胎儿窘迫者低于胎儿生长受限者(P<0.05);新生儿窒息者sFlt-1水平、PLGF/sFlt-1比胎儿窘迫者高,且胎儿窘迫者高于胎儿生长受限者(P<0.05)。血清PLGF与子痫前期病情严重程度呈负相关的关系,sFlt-1水平与子痫前期病情严重程度呈正相关(P<0.05),且血清PLGF与胎儿生长受限、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息呈负相关关系,与sFlt-1则呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论血清PLGF、sFlt-1水平与子痫前期发生、发展紧密关联,检测血清PLGF、sFlt-1水平可为子痫前期诊断、预后评估提供可靠参考。

脓毒症继发心肌损伤患者短期发生主要不良心脑血管事件的危险因素分析

目的探究脓毒症继发心肌损伤(SIMI)患者短期发生主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的危险因素。方法本研究为单中心回顾性病例对照研究。连续性纳入2015年1月至2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院收治的脓毒症或脓毒症休克患者127例。根据是否合并SIMI分为SIMI组(34例)和对照组(93例)。出院后平均随访30 d,主要观察指标为MACCE,包括全因死亡、因心力衰竭再入院、急性心肌梗死和脑卒中。次要观察指标为住院时间,包括重症监护病房住院时间和总住院时间。采用单因素和多因素Cox风险比例回归方法分析SIMI患者发生MACCE的危险因素。结果SIMI组年龄、心率及降钙素原、血乳酸、心肌肌钙蛋白T、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平大于/高于对照组,二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值/舒张晚期血流速度峰值比值、左心室射血分数(LVEF)低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。随访期间SIMI组MACCE总发生率显著高于对照组(P=0.042),且总住院时间明显长于对照组(P=0.048)。多因素Cox风险比例回归分析发现,年龄(风险比=2.348,95%置信区间:1.304~4.229)、NT-proBNP(风险比=4.226,95%置信区间:2.087~8.564)、血乳酸水平(风险比=3.641,95%置信区间:2.369~5.618)和LVEF(风险比=3.605,95%置信区间:1.327~9.790)均是SIMI患者发生MACCE的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论SIMI患者短期发生MACCE的风险高,住院时间长,年龄、NT-proBNP、血乳酸水平和LVEF是发生MACCE的危险因素。

Analysis of retinal arteriolar and venular parameters in primary open angle glaucoma

AIM: To measure the retinal vessels of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients on spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) with a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM) algorithm to better explore their structural changes in the pathogenesis of POAG.METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, the right eyes of 32 patients with POAG and 30 healthy individuals were routinely selected.Images of the supratemporal and infratemporal retinal vessels in the B zones were obtained by SD-OCT, and the edges of the vessels were identified by the FWHM method.The internal and external diameters, wall thickness(WT), wall cross-sectional area(WCSA) and wall-to-lumen ratio(WLR) of the blood vessels were studied.RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, the POAG group showed a significantly reduced retinal arteriolar outer diameter(RAOD), retinal arteriolar lumen diameter(RALD) and WSCA in the supratemporal(124.22±12.42 vs 138.32±10.73 μm, 96.09±11.09 vs 108.53±9.89 μm,and 4762.02 ± 913.51 vs 5785.75 ± 114 8.28 μm^(2), respectively, all P<0.05) and infratemporal regions(125.01±15.55 vs 141.57±10.77 μm, 96.27±13.29 vs 110.83 ± 10.99 μm, and 4925.56 ± 1302.88 vs 6087.78±1061.55 μm^(2), all P<0.05).The arteriolar WT and WLR were not significantly different between the POAG and control groups, nor were the retinal venular outer diameter(RVOD), retinal venular lumen diameter(RVLD) or venular WT in the supratemporal or infratemporal region.There was a positive correlation between the arteriolar parameters and visual function.CONCLUSION: In POAG, narrowing of the supratemporal and infratemporal arterioles and a significant reduction in the WSCA is observed, while the arteriolar WT and WLR do not change.Among the venular parameters, the external diameter, internal diameter, WT, WLR, and WSCA of the venules are not affected.