In the previous studies,the phenomenon that the interstitial fluid(ISF)can flow along tunica adventitia of the arteries and veins in both human and animal bodies was reported.On the basis of these studies,this paper a...In the previous studies,the phenomenon that the interstitial fluid(ISF)can flow along tunica adventitia of the arteries and veins in both human and animal bodies was reported.On the basis of these studies,this paper aims to:(i)summarize the basic properties of the ISF flows in the walls of arteries and veins,(ii)combine the basic properties with axiomaticism and abstract the axiom for ISF flows,and(iii)propose three fundamental laws of the ISF flow,(i.e.,the existence law,the homotropic law and the reverse law).The three laws provide solid theoretical basement for exploring the kinematic patterns of interstitial fluid flow in the cardiovascular system.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and organs.These tissue-en...Three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and organs.These tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s body.Vascular tissue engineering(TE)is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered constructs.Bioinks have a specific role,representingthenecessarymedium for printability and vascular cell growth.This review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular bioinks.First,an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained.A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft(TEVG)must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel,including self-regenerative and growth functions.This review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-specific cell and extracellular matrix(ECM)components and biomechanical properties and functions.Furthermore,the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is introduced.Diverse currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular bioprinting.The physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting,with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular structures.Finally,the main challenges for further bioink development,suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept,and future bioprinting strategies are outlined.These concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.展开更多
Malignant mesenchymal tumors (MTM) in children represent 5% to 10% of malignant tumors in children. They constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors of various differentiations depending on their supposed tissue of ori...Malignant mesenchymal tumors (MTM) in children represent 5% to 10% of malignant tumors in children. They constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors of various differentiations depending on their supposed tissue of origin. They mainly include tumors of muscular origin, those derived from connective, vascular, nervous, or adipose tissue. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in children and adolescents (60% to 70% of them). And it accounts for 5.8% of all malignant solid tumors in children. Almost half of rhabdomyosarcomas occur in the head and neck. The prognosis for this type of tumor is particularly poor. A case of rhabdomyosarcoma in the mandible with extension to the abdominal wall and unilateral testis in a 6-month-old infant is reported with evolution since birth. It is a purplish lesion at the level under the right chin which was initially taken for vascular malformation, evolving very quickly towards a mandibular mass deforming the painful face with inflammatory signs, followed by the appearance of a hard swelling under the skin on the left flank taking on the same aspect of the mandibular mass. This observation illustrates the need to know how to systematically think about tumor causes in the face of atypical aspects and to carry out an anatomopathological examination.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 12050001,82050004,and 11672150).
文摘In the previous studies,the phenomenon that the interstitial fluid(ISF)can flow along tunica adventitia of the arteries and veins in both human and animal bodies was reported.On the basis of these studies,this paper aims to:(i)summarize the basic properties of the ISF flows in the walls of arteries and veins,(ii)combine the basic properties with axiomaticism and abstract the axiom for ISF flows,and(iii)propose three fundamental laws of the ISF flow,(i.e.,the existence law,the homotropic law and the reverse law).The three laws provide solid theoretical basement for exploring the kinematic patterns of interstitial fluid flow in the cardiovascular system.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and organs.These tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s body.Vascular tissue engineering(TE)is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered constructs.Bioinks have a specific role,representingthenecessarymedium for printability and vascular cell growth.This review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular bioinks.First,an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained.A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft(TEVG)must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel,including self-regenerative and growth functions.This review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-specific cell and extracellular matrix(ECM)components and biomechanical properties and functions.Furthermore,the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is introduced.Diverse currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular bioprinting.The physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting,with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular structures.Finally,the main challenges for further bioink development,suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept,and future bioprinting strategies are outlined.These concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.
文摘Malignant mesenchymal tumors (MTM) in children represent 5% to 10% of malignant tumors in children. They constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors of various differentiations depending on their supposed tissue of origin. They mainly include tumors of muscular origin, those derived from connective, vascular, nervous, or adipose tissue. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in children and adolescents (60% to 70% of them). And it accounts for 5.8% of all malignant solid tumors in children. Almost half of rhabdomyosarcomas occur in the head and neck. The prognosis for this type of tumor is particularly poor. A case of rhabdomyosarcoma in the mandible with extension to the abdominal wall and unilateral testis in a 6-month-old infant is reported with evolution since birth. It is a purplish lesion at the level under the right chin which was initially taken for vascular malformation, evolving very quickly towards a mandibular mass deforming the painful face with inflammatory signs, followed by the appearance of a hard swelling under the skin on the left flank taking on the same aspect of the mandibular mass. This observation illustrates the need to know how to systematically think about tumor causes in the face of atypical aspects and to carry out an anatomopathological examination.
文摘目的使用颅颈一体化的高分辨率磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)检查,对前循环缺血性脑卒中患者的Willis环完整性、颅颈动脉粥样硬化斑块特征进行分析,探寻与复发性卒中独立相关的影像特征。材料与方法回顾性分析前循环缺血性脑卒中患者87例,均在症状出现14 d内接受高分辨率磁共振血管壁成像检查,并根据临床及影像资料将其分为卒中初发组和复发组。记录斑块总数、颅颈动脉斑块特征及Willis环完整性。比较初发组、复发组之间及Willis环完整组、不完整组之间的颅颈动脉斑块特征。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估与前循环缺血性脑卒中复发相关的独立危险因素。结果共纳入87例患者。初发组54例,复发组33例。两组间性别(P=0.223)、年龄(P=0.779)差异无均统计学意义。与初发组相比,复发组的颅内斑块强化(P=0.010)、颅内动脉狭窄程度(P=0.002)、斑块总数(P<0.001)、颅内斑块强化合并颅外斑块(P=0.006)、颅内(或颅外)动脉狭窄>50%合并颅外(或颅内)斑块(P=0.001)及Willis环后循环症状侧不完整(P<0.001)与复发性卒中显著相关。与Willis环前循环完整组相比,Willis环前循环不完整组颅内斑块强化(P=0.012)更多见。多因素logistic回归分析显示:斑块总数[比值比(odds ratio,OR)=2.14,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.182~3.869,P=0.012]和Willis环后循环症状侧不完整(OR=4.58,95%CI:1.496~14.041,P=0.008)为前循环缺血性脑卒中复发的独立危险因素。logistic回归模型的整体预测效能最佳[曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)=0.811,95%CI:0.711~0.910]。结论斑块总数和Willis环后循环症状侧不完整与前循环缺血性脑卒中复发独立相关。颅颈一体化的高分辨率磁共振血管壁成像检查可为前循环缺血性脑卒中复发预测模型的构建提供新指标。
