Dyeing of Polypropylene Fibers with Vat Dyes

Polypropylene fibers have been extensively used in a variety of/products, including carpets and upholstery, due to their non-absorbency, good weather resistance, good resistance to macroorgamsms and so on. Because of their hydrophobic and highly crystalline nature, those well-established conventionai dyeing processes are difficult to apply to unmodified polypropylene. Colors of polypropylene fibers are primarily obtained by mass coloration which has the disadvantages of limited number of colors available and difficulties in inventory control due to the rapidly changing color needs of the market. In this paper, the use of vat dyes to dye polypropylene fabrics is investigated. Seventeen vat dyes were screened and factors influencing uptake of dyes by polypropylene fabrics were studied.

Synthesis of Niobium Doped ZnO Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method: Characterization, Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye and Antibacterial Study

Niobium doped Zincoxide nanoparticles has been synthesized through electrochemical method and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, ICPMS and EDAX data. The UV-Visible spectroscopy result reveals that the band gap energy of ZnO/Nb2O5 nanoparticles to be 3.8 eV. The XRD results show that the crystallite size is to be 31.9 nm. The ICPMS data indicate the presence of 3,3461,328 counts of 93 Nb and 577,906,390 counts of 66 Zn. An improvement in the photocatalytic degradation of Indigocarmine dye (IC) in comparison to commercially available pure ZnO was observed. The photodegradation efficiency for ZnO/Nb2O5 and ZnO were found to be 97.4% and 52.1% respectively. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity of ZnO/ Nb2O5 was ascribed to the extended light absorption range and suppression of electron hole pair recombination upon Nb loading. The antibacterial activity of ZnO/Nb2O5 nanoparticles was investigated. These particles were shown to have an effective bactericide.

Characteristics of Polyaniline/Si Heterojunction Solar Cell By Electrochemical Dye Sensitization

Using the electrochemical polymerization dye sensitization(ECDS) method, polyaniline(PAn), which is used as top region material in solar cells, is sensitized with direct blue dye(DS), and sensitized Al grid/DS-PAn/n-Si/Al heterojunction solar cells is prepared by ECDS. Influences of the ECDS on the absorption spectrum and the junction characteristics of the solar cell were discussed, and the output characteristics were measured. The results show that the absorption spectrum of the sensitized PAn films is much wider and stronger in Vis-range; the diode quality factor is about 6.3 and the height of latent barrier potential of p-n junction is 0.89eV; the short-circuit current and the conversion efficiency of sensitized DS-PAn/Si heterojunction solar cells are greatly improved, which the short-circuit current can increase 6 times, the fill factor is 57% and the efficiency can reach 1.42% under the illumination of 37.2W/m^2, respectively.

Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes in TiO_2 Suspended Solutions

The degradation and decolourization of direct dye(Everdirect supra turguoise blue,FBL),acidic dye(Isolan orange S-RL) and vat dye(Indanthren red FBB) have been investigated by solar/TiO2 process.The effects of solution pH,dye concentration,dosage of TiO2 and nano-size of TiO2 have been studied.The increase in initial pH(3,5 and 11) and dye concentration decrease the removal rate.The treatment for FBB and FBL dye solutions is more efficient than that of S-RL.Under optimum conditions,the color removal is found to be almost complete for FBB and FBL while that of S-RL also reaches 95%.Langmuir adsorption isotherm and modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model(L-H model) have been fitted to the experimental data and found to correlate the adsorption patterns as well as the kinetics of the dyes studied.

Enhanced degradation of reactive dyes using a novel carbon ceramic electrode based on copper nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes

A novel carbon ceramic electrode consisting of Cu NPs and MWCNT was developed to treat reactive orange 84(RO84) wastewater using ultrasound-assisted electrochemical degradation. The proposed electrode generated more hydroxyl radicals than non-nanoparticle electrodes did. In addition, a new electrochemical sensor was applied to determine residue RO84 in an aqueous medium during discoloration. This sensor is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanourchins and graphene oxide and can detect RO84 concentration in the range of 1.0–1200 μmol·L^-1 with the detection limit of 0.03 μmol·L^-1. The degradation effects of the modified electrode on RO84 were evaluated systematically with different initial pH values, time durations, and amounts of Cu NPs and MWCNT. The results suggested that the removal efficiency of RO84 was approximately 83% after120 min of electrolysis in a phosphate buffer with pH 8.0 using a carbon ceramic electrode made with 4.0 wt%Cu NPs and 4.0 wt% MWCNT. The possible mechanism of RO84 degradation was monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and degradation pathways were proposed.

De-colorization of Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN by a novel rotating electrochemical disc process

A novel electrochemical setup for wastewater treatment-rotating electrochemical disc process(RECDP)was developed in this article. The anode and cathode are distributed alternatively and evenly on a flat round disc,which was designed to improve mass transfer of organics from bulk solution to electrode surface,while at the same time increasing oxygen transfer from air to the liquid to benefit the organics oxidization.The color removal of dye Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN(RBO)was experimentally investigated u...

Effects of Treating with Laccase on Properties of Dyed Cotton Fabric

A laccase （Denilite IIS） was used to treat different cotton fabrics dyed with 0.2 g · L^-1 of vat dyes or reactive dyes. The results indicated that the laccase could remove the loosely adhering, unfixed or hydrolyzed dyes from the dyed fabric efficiently, which led to obvious improvements of color fastness. Furthermore, the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the residual solution of dyeing laccase-treated was different from that of the detergent-treated, which implied the laccase could accelerate structural changes of the adhering or hydrolyzed dyes from fabric in treating, resulting in obvious color changes of the residual solution. In addition, excessive laccase also could decolorize a few fixed reactive dyes from the dyed fabric, with a decrease of color strength and less further improvements of color fastness.

Electrooxidative Degradation of an Anthraquinone Dye with in-situ Electrogenerated Active Chlorine in a Divided Flow Cell

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possibility of treating C. I. Reactive Blue 19 wastewater by electrochemical oxidation via electrogenerated active chlorine, using metallic oxide coatings （dimensional stable anode, DSA） as anode. The electrolysis for the simulated wastewater was conducted at a constant current. Absorbances at 592 nm and 255 nm were measured to follow the decolorization of the dye and the degradatin of its aromatic ring. After 4 h of electrolysis under the experimental conditions： current density of 15 A·m^-2, 0.2 mol·L^-1 NaCl, 0.1 mol·L^-1 Na2SO4, 0.1 mmol·L^-1 dye, initial pH=6.4 and T=30℃, 100% decolorization of the dye and about 45% degradation of its aromatic ring were achieved, while no obvious change of total organic carbon was observed. The experimental results suggest that the decolorization of the dye and degradation of its aromatic ring were directly affected by current density, temperature, concentrations of the dye and sodium chloride, while slightly affected by initial pH and sodium sulfate concentration; the decolorization of the dye and degradation of its aromatic ring followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; and indirect electrooxidation, using electrogenerated active chlorine, predominated in the electrochemical oxidation.

Optical and Electrical Properties of Sensitized Polyaniline by Electrochemical Polymerization

To sensitize polyaniline with dyes by electrochemical polymerization, HClO 4 is employed as the dopant and oxidant, and the polyaniline with different sensitive properties is synthesized. The effect of sensitized emeraldine salt on the absorption spectrum is discussed in details. The maximum conductivity of sensitized films reaches 1.22 S/cm, and investigation on dye sensitizing of the polymer reveals that C.I. Direct Blue 71, C.I. Direct Blue 84, C.I. Direct Black 19 and CuPc-(COOH) 4 may enhance the photoconductivity of polyaniline greatly.

Electrochemical impedance analysis of nanoporous TiO_2 electrode at low bias potential

TiO2 colloid was prepared by the sol-gel method and was bladed on transparent conduction glass to made nanoporous electrode. The impedance performance of TiO2 electrode was studied at various bias potential.A simplified equivalent circuit was proposed to investigate the charge transport impedance of TiO2 film and good fitting results were obtained.

A Convenient Synthesis and Properties of Ru(bpy)_2[bpy(CO_2H)-(CO_2Et)](PF_6)_2 Photosensitive Dye

A novel Ru(Ⅱ) tris-bipyridyl complex, Ru(bpy)2[bpy(CO2H)(CO2Et)][PF6]2 is prepared in a simple and convenient process. It will be an alternativ?of Ru(bpy)2bpy(CO2Et)2(PF6)2 to be used in solar cel須 as photosensitive dyes.

A stable anthraquinone-derivative cathode to develop sodium metal batteries: The role of ammoniates as electrolytes

Rechargeable sodium metal batteries constitute a cost-effective option for energy storage although sodium shows some drawbacks in terms of reactivity with organic solvents and dendritic growth.Here we demonstrate that an organic dye,indanthrone blue,behaves as an efficient cathode material for the development of secondary sodium metal batteries when combined with novel inorganic electrolytes.These electrolytes are ammonia solvates,known as liquid ammoniates,which can be formulated as NaI·3.3NH_(3) and NaBF_(4)·2.5NH_(3).They impart excellent stability to sodium metal,and they favor sodium non-dendritic growth linked to their exceedingly high sodium ion concentration.This advantage is complemented by a high specific conductivity.The battery described here can last hundreds of cycles at 10 C while keeping a Coulombic efficiency of 99%from the first cycle.Because of the high capacity of the cathode and the superior physicochemical properties of the electrolytes,the battery can reach a specific energy value as high as 210 W h kgIB^(-1),and a high specific power of 2.2 kW kgIB^(-1),even at below room temperature(4℃).Importantly,the battery is based on abundant and cost-effective materials,bearing promise for its application in large-scale energy storage.

Effect of Various Factors for the Electrochemical Adsorption of Polydopamine on TiO2 Film

To fabricate polydopamine-sensitized solar cells with improved solar power conversion efficiency, the effects of pH, buffer, adsorption time and electrode potential for the electrochemical oxidation and polymerization of dopamine on TiO2 film were investigated. The optimum pH was around 7. It was found that the use of a buffer, especially 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, significantly deteriorated the electrochemical adsorption of polydopamine, and the highest solar power conversion efficiency was obtained without buffer. With increasing adsorption time, the amount of adsorbed polydopamine increased but the solar power conversion efficiency decreased, suggesting the increased resistivity of polydopamine with a larger degree of polymerization. It was suggested that the reversal of electrode potential from positive to negative would be essential for the electrochemical adsorption of polydopamine.

Electrochemical decolorization of dye wastewater by surface-activated boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond electrode

Complex organics contained in dye wastewater are difficult to degrade and often require electrochemical advanced oxidation processes（EAOPs） to treat it. Surface activation of the electrode used in such treatment is an important factor determining the success of the process.The performance of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond（BD-NCD） film electrode for decolorization of Acid Yellow（AY-36） azo dye with respect to the surface activation by electrochemical polarization was studied. Anodic polarization found to be more suitable as electrode pretreatment compared to cathodic one. After anodic polarization, the originally H-terminated surface of BD-NCD was changed into O-terminated, making it more hydrophilic.Due to the oxidation of surface functional groups and some portion of sp2 carbon in the BD-NCD film during anodic polarization, the electrode was successfully being activated showing lower background current, wider potential window and considerably less surface activity compared to the non-polarized one. Consequently, electrooxidation（EO） capability of the anodically-polarized BD-NCD to degrade AY-36 dye was significantly enhanced, capable of nearly total decolorization and chemical oxygen demand（COD） removal even after several times of re-using. The BD-NCD film electrode favored acidic condition for the dye degradation; and the presence of chloride ion in the solution was found to be more advantageous than sulfate active species.

聚噁二唑纱线的还原染料染色

聚噁二唑(POD)纤维存在光稳定性不足、耐日晒色牢度差的问题,选用日晒牢度优异的3种不同颜色的还原染料对POD纱线进行染色试验,研究其染色性能及色牢度。研究表明,3%(omf)还原红/黄/蓝染料染色POD纱线的K/S值分别达到6.5/9.2/11.4,耐日晒色牢度、耐干/湿摩擦色牢度均可达到3~4级,耐汗渍色牢度、耐水洗色牢度均可达到4~5级。同时,染色对POD纱线的热学性能和力学性能影响不显著。

锦纶织物的还原染料常压染色工艺

选用三只还原染料蓝RSN、黄G、红FBB在常压条件下,采用隐色体浸染法对锦纶6织物进行染色。探究了还原程序、温度、保险粉用量以及电解质等因素对染色的影响,并通过正交试验优化了染色工艺。研究表明:预还原会增加保险粉损耗,而不预还原法有利于降低保险粉用量;各染料所需的染色温度和保险粉用量不同;蓝RSN适合在低温下染色,而红FBB及黄G则适合在高温下染色;黄G保险粉用量最高,其次是红FBB和蓝RSN;电解质具有一定的促染作用,适量添加可提高上染速率和上染率;三只染料提升性表现有较大的差异,黄G和红FBB表现相对较好。除耐日晒色牢度表现中等外,三只染料在锦纶6织物上的各项色牢度优良,多数达到4~5级以上。

双碳背景下纺织品清洁染色与着色技术研究进展

纺织行业“十四五”规划为印染行业指明了绿色、清洁染整工艺与技术的发展方向。基于这一视角,围绕超临界CO_(2)、离子液体和油质等非水、少水介质染色,电化学染色、微生物色素、结构生色等新型染色原料与技术,以及微波、超声波技术在染色工艺中的应用展开研究,主要介绍各技术的原理、应用现状及优势。相比传统染色工艺,清洁染色工艺和技术具有节约染料用量、缩短工艺、节能节水、减少废水废气排放等特点,是促进纺织印染行业可持续发展的重要方面。

改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的制备及电化学处理染料废水

为提高分离膜处理染料时的防污性能,利用碳纳米管铁钴催化剂(CFC)和乙炔黑对聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)掺杂改性,制备导电复合膜。对制备的复合膜进行表征,评价了复合膜在电化学耦合膜分离技术中对甲基蓝染料的分离性能。结果表明:CFC的加入提高了复合膜的导电性和亲水性,相对于纯PVDF膜,复合膜的接触角下降了10.80°。且复合膜采用电化学耦合膜分离技术对甲基蓝染液的分离效率在90.27%,循环5次后分离效率仍保持在88.86%以上,纯水通量只下降1.01 L/(m^(2)·h)。相比于简单膜分离技术,分离效率提高19.00%,5次循环后的分离效率提高53.17%,循环通量提高87.09 L/(m^(2)·h)。说明外加电压的使用可以提高复合膜的分离效率和防污性能。

基于E-H_(2)O_(2)-O_(3)氧化—BAC滤池工艺的印染废水深度处理应用研究

采用电化学原位合成法制备H_(2)O_(2)(E-H_(2)O_(2))并耦合O_(3)形成了E-H_(2)O_(2)-O_(3)高级氧化技术,并以该技术为核心,采用E-H_(2)O_(2)-O_(3)氧化—BAC(生物活性炭)滤池工艺在中试条件下对印染废水生化出水进行深度处理。E-H_(2)O_(2)-O_(3)氧化的最优工艺参数为O_(3)通入量120 g/h、H_(2)O_(2)浓度0.63 mmol/L、HRT 2.0 h。中试装置在该条件下连续运行31 d(BAC接触时间40 min),COD、UV_(254)、色度的平均去除率分别达56.4%,89.5%,89.3%,运行成本约为3.35元/t(以废水计)。当进水COD小于90 mg/L时,出水COD低于40 mg/L,达到地表水Ⅴ类排放标准。经E-H_(2)O_(2)-O_(3)氧化—BAC滤池工艺处理后,氧化出水和BAC出水的总荧光强度较进水分别下降了92.0%和96.3%。

染料废水处理技术研究进展

随着我国染料工业的快速发展,染料废水的排放量日益增加,对生态环境和人体健康构成了较大的危害。染料废水具有成分复杂、有毒有害物质含量高、色度高、生化处理难度高等特点,是当前公认的处理难度较高的工业废水之一。目前,染料废水的常用的处理方法有物理法、化学法、生物法和组合处理法等。本文综述了近年来染料废水处理技术的研究现状和进展,分析了常用的处理方法的优点、缺点和适应范围,最后,指出了染料废水处理技术未来研究的主要方向。