蔬菜穴盘苗自动精确移栽组合式取苗机构设计与测试(英文)

Precision planting is one key point of precision agriculture.A doorframe type swing seedling pick-up device for the automatic precise field transplanter was designed and tested in a laboratory.The seedling device could automatically extract seedlings from growing trays,transfer them,and release them into the planting unit where they were to be precisely transplanted into the ground.It consisted of a path manipulator and two grippers.The path manipulator for seedling extraction was constructed with creative design ofⅡ-type mechanism combination in series.It consisted of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism.According to the planned seedling pick-up trajectory,the design of the path manipulator for seedling extraction was finished with a set of the closed loop vector equation.The gripper was a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction.It consisted of multiple pick-up pins,U-type pull rod,shaft,stop block,compression spring and frame.The mechanical dimensions of the gripper were determined by the tray size and plant characteristic with a set of rectangular equations and the boundary constraint conditions.The final gripper was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable seedling in China.A prototype of the seedling pick-up device was constructed to examine whether its working efficacy was satisfactory or not.According to the analysis on the work process,the seedling pick-up device could precisely complete a work cycle of approaching,penetrating,extracting,transferring,erecting and discharging a seedling.Taking pepper seedlings,tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as the transplanting objects,the performance tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality and adaptability of the pick-up device.The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers could extract 70 seedlings per minute with an average success ratio of 90.49%.The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.

K线组合分析技术在蔬菜价格波动分析预警中的应用实现

现行蔬菜市场价格分析预警系统主要以均价为基础数据进行研判,缺少成交量和价量关联等信息,无法完全反映和体现市场当天和当期的价量变化及市场波动水平。应用K线组合分析技术能全面反映开盘价、最高价、最低价、收盘价和市场当日成交量等关联信息,并对蔬菜价格波动能准确分析和预警。针对K线组合分析技术的应用,提出应增加成交量、最高价、最低价等信息的采集、报送和研发省级蔬菜价格分析预警系统,供省内共享。

飞行时间质谱技术在水果、蔬菜与茶叶中农药残留分析中的应用

飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)是一种速度快、范围广、灵敏度高、分辨率高的质谱技术,相对于常规离子阱、四极杆质谱仪,具有定性能力更强、通量筛查能力更高的优点,TOF-MS技术的不断改进,为科研工作者提供了更好的研究手段,其在农产品质量安全农药残留定性定量筛查分析中也日益受到青睐。该文针对2010年来国内外期刊上发表的TOF-MS技术在水果、蔬菜和茶叶中农药残留分析上的应用文献,从TOF-MS与气相色谱、液相色谱和合相色谱联用3个方面上的应用出发,进行综述分析,并对该技术在水果、蔬菜和茶叶农药残留分析上的发展前景进行了展望。

苦皮藤种油对几种蔬菜和贮粮害虫拒食的研究

室内测定表明:苦皮藤种油对菜青虫、黄守瓜、猿叶虫、28星瓢虫等4种蔬菜害虫有明显的拒食作用,对赤拟谷盗、谷蠹具有较明显忌避作用,对玉米象有明显的拒食作用、干扰产卵及抑制卵的孵化作用,对四纹豆象有较高的防治效果。田间试验效果:防治青菜虫用2%、0.66%、0.5%的苦皮藤种油,防效分别为86.5%、91.16%、85.37%,10%氯氰菊酯5000倍液为89.6%,苦皮藤根皮粉为79.81%。所以,苦皮藤种油与菊酯类农药的效果相似。

菜蚜种群动态及生态位研究

对合肥郊区甘蓝上菜蚜的种群动态和生态位进行了研究。结果表明,甘蓝上菜蚜的种群数量在时间过程中均呈下降趋势;时间动态空间生态位宽度与种群密度有一定的负相关;菜蚜数量因为降雨或食料的减少而急剧下降。