Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada...Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.展开更多
为了准确预测人-车冲突中的碰撞风险,研究了利用碰撞概率评估人-车碰撞风险的预测方法。基于车辆运动特征建立车辆运动学模型,通过采集行人实际过街运动轨迹并提取不确定性特征,采用一阶马尔科夫模型和高斯白噪声建立行人随机运动模型,...为了准确预测人-车冲突中的碰撞风险,研究了利用碰撞概率评估人-车碰撞风险的预测方法。基于车辆运动特征建立车辆运动学模型,通过采集行人实际过街运动轨迹并提取不确定性特征,采用一阶马尔科夫模型和高斯白噪声建立行人随机运动模型,在此基础上构建人-车冲突距离模型;运用蒙特卡洛抽样,提取行人过街过程中的人-车最短距离和碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)分布特征,通过拟合这些特征来估算最短距离和TTC的概率密度函数,建立人-车碰撞概率预测模型;结合2起人-车深度事故案例和3种不同制动特性的自动紧急制动(automatic emergency braking,AEB)系统,对比验证人-车碰撞概率预测模型的有效性。结果显示:建立的行人随机运动模型,其模拟的行人运动速度的均值和标准差与实际值的绝对误差在2%以内,模型精度较高;在事故案例仿真中,车辆与行人在发生碰撞时刻对应的碰撞概率为100%;在车辆加装AEB的仿真中,激进型AEB,法规型AEB以及保守型AEB在触发时刻对应的碰撞概率分别为超过了80%,在30%~40%之间,以及不足5%,这表明人-车碰撞概率预测模型可有效预测2起真实案例中行人和车辆在不同时刻的碰撞风险,且与使用固定触发阈值的AEB相比,建立的人-车碰撞概率预测模型能够更加准确直观地反应人-车碰撞风险。展开更多
文摘Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.
文摘为了准确预测人-车冲突中的碰撞风险,研究了利用碰撞概率评估人-车碰撞风险的预测方法。基于车辆运动特征建立车辆运动学模型,通过采集行人实际过街运动轨迹并提取不确定性特征,采用一阶马尔科夫模型和高斯白噪声建立行人随机运动模型,在此基础上构建人-车冲突距离模型;运用蒙特卡洛抽样,提取行人过街过程中的人-车最短距离和碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)分布特征,通过拟合这些特征来估算最短距离和TTC的概率密度函数,建立人-车碰撞概率预测模型;结合2起人-车深度事故案例和3种不同制动特性的自动紧急制动(automatic emergency braking,AEB)系统,对比验证人-车碰撞概率预测模型的有效性。结果显示:建立的行人随机运动模型,其模拟的行人运动速度的均值和标准差与实际值的绝对误差在2%以内,模型精度较高;在事故案例仿真中,车辆与行人在发生碰撞时刻对应的碰撞概率为100%;在车辆加装AEB的仿真中,激进型AEB,法规型AEB以及保守型AEB在触发时刻对应的碰撞概率分别为超过了80%,在30%~40%之间,以及不足5%,这表明人-车碰撞概率预测模型可有效预测2起真实案例中行人和车辆在不同时刻的碰撞风险,且与使用固定触发阈值的AEB相比,建立的人-车碰撞概率预测模型能够更加准确直观地反应人-车碰撞风险。
