In-situ layerwise imaging measurement of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a wealth of forming and defect data which enables monitoring of components quality and powder bed homogeneity.Using high-resolution camera...In-situ layerwise imaging measurement of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a wealth of forming and defect data which enables monitoring of components quality and powder bed homogeneity.Using high-resolution camera layerwise imaging and image processing algorithms to monitor fusion area and powder bed geometric defects has been studied by many researchers,which successfully monitored the contours of components and evaluated their accuracy.However,research for the methods of in-situ 3D contour measurement or component edge warping identification is rare.In this study,a 3D contour mea-surement method combining gray intensity and phase difference is proposed,and its accuracy is verified by designed experiments.The results show that the high-precision of the 3D contours can be achieved by the constructed energy minimization function.This method can detect the deviations of common ge-ometric features as well as warpage at LPBF component edges,and provides fundamental data for in-situ quality monitoring tools.展开更多
A flexible calibration method based on a front-coated flat mirror is proposed for a laser light-sectioning three-dimensional(3D)measurement system. Since the calibration target and its mirror image are spatially separ...A flexible calibration method based on a front-coated flat mirror is proposed for a laser light-sectioning three-dimensional(3D)measurement system. Since the calibration target and its mirror image are spatially separated and can be recorded in an image by a camera,the proposed method requires only a single composite image that contains a non-planar checkerboard pattern,a laser strip projected on the target and their mirror images to complete the calibration of the camera and the laser plane in one step. Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm is used to optimize the system parameters,and the measurement accuracy and speed are improved to enable online 3D inspection. Static and dynamic online 3D measurements are carried out on a cup and a triple stepped shaft,respectively,to validate the proposed method. The shaft has two steps with the depth of(0.5±0.01)mm and(2±0.01)mm to be measured online when the shaft is rotated and translated at the same time. The measurement results can be output at a frequency of 7 to 11 readings per second with standard deviations of 0.040 mm and 0.051 mm. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.展开更多
Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the im...Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the improvement of the measurement speed.A double CCD compensation technology is used to improve the measurement precision. An easy and effective calibration method of the least squares to fit the parameter of system structure is used to get the relative coordinate relationship of objects and images of light section in the directions of height and axis. Sensor scanning segment by segment and layer by layer makes the measurement range expand greatly.展开更多
In this paper, we presented a method of using the l as er scanning triangulation for the non-contact 3D surface profile measurement of large-scale object. The characteristic of large-scale object non-contact mea surem...In this paper, we presented a method of using the l as er scanning triangulation for the non-contact 3D surface profile measurement of large-scale object. The characteristic of large-scale object non-contact mea surement is analyzed and the measuring method is proposed. Main factors influenc ing measurement precision such as image distortion and accurate designation of s peckle center are analyzed and methods of solving these problems are proposed. W e designed a combined filter by which the pulse noise and the Gaussian noise of speckle image can be eliminated efficiently. Using the characteristic of intensi ty distribution of laser speckle image we proposed a new approximating method th at could locate the center of laser speckle image at sub-pixel. The auxiliary v ariables are set to linearize the relationship between the image displacement an d the distance, the accurate values of laser triangulation system parameters cou ld be calibrated accurately and the measuring precision is increased remarkabl y. Using the above techniques we designed a measuring system based on laser sc anning triangulation. The results of the experiment show that these methods can raise the measuring precision of large-scale 3D surface profile effectively.展开更多
A technique of fast 360° spinning 3D measurement is realized.A laser diode used as light source produces 0.5 mm wide slit which is projected onto the surface of an object via a groupe of optical lenses.A CCD came...A technique of fast 360° spinning 3D measurement is realized.A laser diode used as light source produces 0.5 mm wide slit which is projected onto the surface of an object via a groupe of optical lenses.A CCD camera can grab the reflect curve line and its video output is processed by special hardware circuitries.Then the surface height value which the slit directs to will be directly obtained.The spinning table turns one degree each time and totally 360° 3D information acquisition need only 15 s.The result and conclusion are presented.展开更多
This paper presents a complete system for scanning the geometry and texture of a large 3D object, then the automatic registration is performed to obtain a whole realistic 3D model. This system is composed of one line ...This paper presents a complete system for scanning the geometry and texture of a large 3D object, then the automatic registration is performed to obtain a whole realistic 3D model. This system is composed of one line strip laser and one color CCD camera. The scanned object is pictured twice by a color CCD camera. First, the texture of the scanned object is taken by a color CCD camera. Then the 3D information of the scanned object is obtained from laser plane equations. This paper presents a practical way to implement the three dimensional measuring method and the automatic registration of a large 3D object and a pretty good result is obtained after experiment verification.展开更多
In this paper the development of the technology of the laser scanning is summarized.The principles of laser range scanning are introduced.Based on the laser scanning technology and methods,which are investigated by th...In this paper the development of the technology of the laser scanning is summarized.The principles of laser range scanning are introduced.Based on the laser scanning technology and methods,which are investigated by the authors to survey deposit volume,a surveying system is developed and a practical application is performed.It is shown that the laser_scanning technology has obvious advantages such as measurement precision,automation and visualization of observed data in comparison with the traditional methods.As a result,labor intensity is relieved obviously and work efficiency is promoted.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the foundation of Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2020BAB137)Shen-zhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20210324142007022).
文摘In-situ layerwise imaging measurement of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a wealth of forming and defect data which enables monitoring of components quality and powder bed homogeneity.Using high-resolution camera layerwise imaging and image processing algorithms to monitor fusion area and powder bed geometric defects has been studied by many researchers,which successfully monitored the contours of components and evaluated their accuracy.However,research for the methods of in-situ 3D contour measurement or component edge warping identification is rare.In this study,a 3D contour mea-surement method combining gray intensity and phase difference is proposed,and its accuracy is verified by designed experiments.The results show that the high-precision of the 3D contours can be achieved by the constructed energy minimization function.This method can detect the deviations of common ge-ometric features as well as warpage at LPBF component edges,and provides fundamental data for in-situ quality monitoring tools.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11802132)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180446)。
文摘A flexible calibration method based on a front-coated flat mirror is proposed for a laser light-sectioning three-dimensional(3D)measurement system. Since the calibration target and its mirror image are spatially separated and can be recorded in an image by a camera,the proposed method requires only a single composite image that contains a non-planar checkerboard pattern,a laser strip projected on the target and their mirror images to complete the calibration of the camera and the laser plane in one step. Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm is used to optimize the system parameters,and the measurement accuracy and speed are improved to enable online 3D inspection. Static and dynamic online 3D measurements are carried out on a cup and a triple stepped shaft,respectively,to validate the proposed method. The shaft has two steps with the depth of(0.5±0.01)mm and(2±0.01)mm to be measured online when the shaft is rotated and translated at the same time. The measurement results can be output at a frequency of 7 to 11 readings per second with standard deviations of 0.040 mm and 0.051 mm. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.
文摘Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the improvement of the measurement speed.A double CCD compensation technology is used to improve the measurement precision. An easy and effective calibration method of the least squares to fit the parameter of system structure is used to get the relative coordinate relationship of objects and images of light section in the directions of height and axis. Sensor scanning segment by segment and layer by layer makes the measurement range expand greatly.
文摘In this paper, we presented a method of using the l as er scanning triangulation for the non-contact 3D surface profile measurement of large-scale object. The characteristic of large-scale object non-contact mea surement is analyzed and the measuring method is proposed. Main factors influenc ing measurement precision such as image distortion and accurate designation of s peckle center are analyzed and methods of solving these problems are proposed. W e designed a combined filter by which the pulse noise and the Gaussian noise of speckle image can be eliminated efficiently. Using the characteristic of intensi ty distribution of laser speckle image we proposed a new approximating method th at could locate the center of laser speckle image at sub-pixel. The auxiliary v ariables are set to linearize the relationship between the image displacement an d the distance, the accurate values of laser triangulation system parameters cou ld be calibrated accurately and the measuring precision is increased remarkabl y. Using the above techniques we designed a measuring system based on laser sc anning triangulation. The results of the experiment show that these methods can raise the measuring precision of large-scale 3D surface profile effectively.
文摘A technique of fast 360° spinning 3D measurement is realized.A laser diode used as light source produces 0.5 mm wide slit which is projected onto the surface of an object via a groupe of optical lenses.A CCD camera can grab the reflect curve line and its video output is processed by special hardware circuitries.Then the surface height value which the slit directs to will be directly obtained.The spinning table turns one degree each time and totally 360° 3D information acquisition need only 15 s.The result and conclusion are presented.
文摘This paper presents a complete system for scanning the geometry and texture of a large 3D object, then the automatic registration is performed to obtain a whole realistic 3D model. This system is composed of one line strip laser and one color CCD camera. The scanned object is pictured twice by a color CCD camera. First, the texture of the scanned object is taken by a color CCD camera. Then the 3D information of the scanned object is obtained from laser plane equations. This paper presents a practical way to implement the three dimensional measuring method and the automatic registration of a large 3D object and a pretty good result is obtained after experiment verification.
文摘In this paper the development of the technology of the laser scanning is summarized.The principles of laser range scanning are introduced.Based on the laser scanning technology and methods,which are investigated by the authors to survey deposit volume,a surveying system is developed and a practical application is performed.It is shown that the laser_scanning technology has obvious advantages such as measurement precision,automation and visualization of observed data in comparison with the traditional methods.As a result,labor intensity is relieved obviously and work efficiency is promoted.
