This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed m...This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed model considers lateral position preference by each vehicle type and introduces a position preference parameter fl in the model which facilitates gradual drifting towards preferred position on road, even if the gap in front is sufficient. Additionally, the model also improves upon the conven- tional model by calculating safe front and back gap dynamically based on speed and deceleration properties of leader and follower vehicles. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of β on vehicular interac- tions and the model was calibrated and validated using interaction rates observed in the field. Paired tests were conducted to determine the determining interaction rates validity of the model in Results of the simulations show that there is a parabolic relationship between area occupancy and interaction rate of different vehicle types. The model performed satisfactorily as the simulated interaction rate between different vehicle types were found to be statistically similar to those observed in field. Also, as expected, the interaction rate between light motor vehicles （LMVs） and heavy motor vehicles （HMVs） were found to be higher than that between LMVs and three wheelers because LMVs and HMVs share the same lane. This could not be done using conventional CA models as lateral movement rules were dictated by only speeds and gaps. So, in conventional models, the vehicles would end up in positions which are not realistic. The position preference parameter introduced in this model motivates vehicles to stay in their preferred positions. This study demonstrates the use of interaction rate as a measure to validate micro- scopic traffic flow models.展开更多
链路时延是决定车联网(vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)许多网络性能的重要标准.现存的VANETs基于节点移动性解决链路时延的问题,但是都没有预测的功能,不适合实际VANETs中动态预测车-车(vehicle to vehicle,V2V)链路时延.提出动态...链路时延是决定车联网(vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)许多网络性能的重要标准.现存的VANETs基于节点移动性解决链路时延的问题,但是都没有预测的功能,不适合实际VANETs中动态预测车-车(vehicle to vehicle,V2V)链路时延.提出动态预测任意2车链路时延的数学模型DPLD,考虑2车相对速度分布、相对距离变化、交通密度和城市场景中交通灯因素对2车之间链路时延的影响,因为这些因素在链路连接过程中是变化的.通过考虑相对速度的分布,模型能够实时地调整原则自适应车速变化.通过自动调整2车之间相对距离计算方法,DPLD模型能够自适应2车间相对距离的变化.因此该模型能够有效地预测预期要发生的2车之间的链路时延.这个模型实现取决于相对速度分布参数的估计方法、指数移动平均法对车速异常处理以及交通灯对链路时延影响的概率建模并且详细给出2车遇到不同交通灯的具体链路时延预测方法.仿真结果表明:DPLD模型预测的城市环境的2车之间链路时延准确性很高.展开更多
由于车联网(VANET,vehicular Ad Hoc networks)的节点移动速度快、拓扑动态变化以及移动轨迹局限性等特性,多跳广播成为VANET中车间通信的有效方式之一。此外,由于直接在真实环境中评估VANET的性能是非常困难的,仿真成为研究VANET的有...由于车联网(VANET,vehicular Ad Hoc networks)的节点移动速度快、拓扑动态变化以及移动轨迹局限性等特性,多跳广播成为VANET中车间通信的有效方式之一。此外,由于直接在真实环境中评估VANET的性能是非常困难的,仿真成为研究VANET的有效工具。为此,先分析VANET的网络结构,再讨论了广播协议的发展现状,并分析了典型的广播协议。随后论述了VANET移动模型仿真的发展现状,并重点分析、对比了当前交通仿真器和网络仿真器的特点。最后,探讨了车载自组网仿真器未来的发展方向。展开更多
近年来,车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,VANETs)的研究得到了越来越多学者的关注,作为研究焦点之一的车载网络连通性,VANETs的连通程度决定了整个网络的通讯质量.通过尽可能真实地模拟道路交通状况,为车辆通信的连通效率提...近年来,车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,VANETs)的研究得到了越来越多学者的关注,作为研究焦点之一的车载网络连通性,VANETs的连通程度决定了整个网络的通讯质量.通过尽可能真实地模拟道路交通状况,为车辆通信的连通效率提供更优化的方案,并为将来VANETs基站铺设、道路管理等实际应用提供参考.为了尽可能模拟真实的道路交通情况,避免传统的交通流模型过于依赖速度-密度关系的假设,引入交通流的Lattice Boltzmann模型(LB模型),在此基础上对VANETs连通性进行仿真,根据仿真的结果提出了在保证车载自组织网络良好连通程度的前提下,对发射距离的调整方案.该方案在尽可能贴近现实交通流的前提下,为VANETs的网络连通性能提供了更高效的解决意见,即让车辆以最小的能量进行信号发射来达到一定的网络连通程度,同时也能达到减少信道阻塞的作用.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed model considers lateral position preference by each vehicle type and introduces a position preference parameter fl in the model which facilitates gradual drifting towards preferred position on road, even if the gap in front is sufficient. Additionally, the model also improves upon the conven- tional model by calculating safe front and back gap dynamically based on speed and deceleration properties of leader and follower vehicles. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of β on vehicular interac- tions and the model was calibrated and validated using interaction rates observed in the field. Paired tests were conducted to determine the determining interaction rates validity of the model in Results of the simulations show that there is a parabolic relationship between area occupancy and interaction rate of different vehicle types. The model performed satisfactorily as the simulated interaction rate between different vehicle types were found to be statistically similar to those observed in field. Also, as expected, the interaction rate between light motor vehicles （LMVs） and heavy motor vehicles （HMVs） were found to be higher than that between LMVs and three wheelers because LMVs and HMVs share the same lane. This could not be done using conventional CA models as lateral movement rules were dictated by only speeds and gaps. So, in conventional models, the vehicles would end up in positions which are not realistic. The position preference parameter introduced in this model motivates vehicles to stay in their preferred positions. This study demonstrates the use of interaction rate as a measure to validate micro- scopic traffic flow models.
文摘链路时延是决定车联网(vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)许多网络性能的重要标准.现存的VANETs基于节点移动性解决链路时延的问题,但是都没有预测的功能,不适合实际VANETs中动态预测车-车(vehicle to vehicle,V2V)链路时延.提出动态预测任意2车链路时延的数学模型DPLD,考虑2车相对速度分布、相对距离变化、交通密度和城市场景中交通灯因素对2车之间链路时延的影响,因为这些因素在链路连接过程中是变化的.通过考虑相对速度的分布,模型能够实时地调整原则自适应车速变化.通过自动调整2车之间相对距离计算方法,DPLD模型能够自适应2车间相对距离的变化.因此该模型能够有效地预测预期要发生的2车之间的链路时延.这个模型实现取决于相对速度分布参数的估计方法、指数移动平均法对车速异常处理以及交通灯对链路时延影响的概率建模并且详细给出2车遇到不同交通灯的具体链路时延预测方法.仿真结果表明:DPLD模型预测的城市环境的2车之间链路时延准确性很高.
文摘由于车联网(VANET,vehicular Ad Hoc networks)的节点移动速度快、拓扑动态变化以及移动轨迹局限性等特性,多跳广播成为VANET中车间通信的有效方式之一。此外,由于直接在真实环境中评估VANET的性能是非常困难的,仿真成为研究VANET的有效工具。为此,先分析VANET的网络结构,再讨论了广播协议的发展现状,并分析了典型的广播协议。随后论述了VANET移动模型仿真的发展现状,并重点分析、对比了当前交通仿真器和网络仿真器的特点。最后,探讨了车载自组网仿真器未来的发展方向。
文摘近年来,车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,VANETs)的研究得到了越来越多学者的关注,作为研究焦点之一的车载网络连通性,VANETs的连通程度决定了整个网络的通讯质量.通过尽可能真实地模拟道路交通状况,为车辆通信的连通效率提供更优化的方案,并为将来VANETs基站铺设、道路管理等实际应用提供参考.为了尽可能模拟真实的道路交通情况,避免传统的交通流模型过于依赖速度-密度关系的假设,引入交通流的Lattice Boltzmann模型(LB模型),在此基础上对VANETs连通性进行仿真,根据仿真的结果提出了在保证车载自组织网络良好连通程度的前提下,对发射距离的调整方案.该方案在尽可能贴近现实交通流的前提下,为VANETs的网络连通性能提供了更高效的解决意见,即让车辆以最小的能量进行信号发射来达到一定的网络连通程度,同时也能达到减少信道阻塞的作用.
