The Bulong gold deposit, located in the southwest Tianshan in China, occurs in the Upper Devonian finegrained clastic rocks. The gold orebodies are controlled by an gently inclined interlayer fractured zone. They are ...The Bulong gold deposit, located in the southwest Tianshan in China, occurs in the Upper Devonian finegrained clastic rocks. The gold orebodies are controlled by an gently inclined interlayer fractured zone. They are hosted only in quartz-barite veins though there are barite veins and quartz veins in the ore district. The δ34S values of pyrite in the ores range from 14.6‰ to 19.2‰ and those of barite from 35.0‰ to 39.6‰, indicating that the sulfur was derived from the strata. 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite are 0.24-0.82 R/Ra, approximating to that of the crust. The 40Ar/39Ar ratios range from 338 to 471, slightly higher than that of the atmosphere. 40Ar /4He ratios of ore fluids range from 0.015 to 0.412 with a mean of 0.153. Helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions show that the ore fluids of the Bulong gold deposit were mainly derived from the crust.展开更多
The Yangshan gold deposit is a super-large fine-grained disseminated gold deposit located in southern Gansu Province. Its metallogenic age has been determined by using the cathodoluminescence image and ion probe U-Pb ...The Yangshan gold deposit is a super-large fine-grained disseminated gold deposit located in southern Gansu Province. Its metallogenic age has been determined by using the cathodoluminescence image and ion probe U-Pb dating techniques. It is found that zircons from quartz veinlet of the fine-grained disseminated gold ore show characters of magmatic origin with prism idiomorphism, oscillatory zoning and dominant Th/U ratios of 0.5-1.5. Three main populations of zircons are obtained, giving average 206Pb/238U ages of 197.6±1.7 Ma, 126.9±3.2 Ma and 51.2±1.3 Ma respectively. The first age corresponds to the K-Ar age of the plagiogranite dike, while the latter two ages indicate that buried Cretaceous and Tertiary intrusives exist in the orefield, suggesting that the Yangshan gold deposit was genetically related to the three magmatic hydrothermal activities. By contrast, zircons from coarse gold-bearing quartz vein in the mining area are much older than the host rock, indicating that the vein was formed earlier and was not contaminated by later magmatic fluids. It is concluded that the coupling of multiperiodic hydrothermal activities in the mining area has contributed a lot to mineralization of the Yangshan gold deposit.展开更多
In the eastern part of China there had occurred large\|scale gold mineralization during the Mesozoic, resulting in a large number of important gold ore\|concentrated areas. In this paper we have selected some isotope ...In the eastern part of China there had occurred large\|scale gold mineralization during the Mesozoic, resulting in a large number of important gold ore\|concentrated areas. In this paper we have selected some isotope data (including four gold deposits previously studied and two gold deposits in this work) of Au\|bearing quartz veins of the representative gold deposits in six important gold ore\|concentrated areas in the periphery of the North China Platform and calculated their metallogenic ages using the method of Ludwig (2.90 version). The results show that the representative gold deposits in the six gold ore\|concentrated areas were formed during the Mesozoic.展开更多
REE composition of the carbonates of the auriferous quartz carbonate veins(QCVs) of the Neoarchean Ajjanahalli gold deposit.Chitradurga schist belt.Dharwar Craton,is characterized by U-shaped chondrite normalized RE...REE composition of the carbonates of the auriferous quartz carbonate veins(QCVs) of the Neoarchean Ajjanahalli gold deposit.Chitradurga schist belt.Dharwar Craton,is characterized by U-shaped chondrite normalized REE patterns with both LREE and HREE enrichment and a distinct positive Eu anomaly.As positive Eu anomaly is associated with low oxygen fugacity,we propose that the auriferous fluids responsible for gold mineralization at Ajjanahalli could be from an oxygen depleted fluid.The observed positive Eu anomaly is interpreted to suggest the derivation of the auriferous fluids from a mantle reservoir.The location of Ajjanahalli gold deposit in a crustal scale shear zone is consistent with this interpretation.展开更多
The Dongping gold deposit, situated on the northern margin of the North China Platform, is a composite deposit composed of auriferous quartz vein-type and altered rock-type ore bodies. It is hosted in the inner contac...The Dongping gold deposit, situated on the northern margin of the North China Platform, is a composite deposit composed of auriferous quartz vein-type and altered rock-type ore bodies. It is hosted in the inner contact zone of an alkaline intrusion which was intruded into Archean metamorphic rocks and was formed not later than the Hercynian peried. Auriferous quartz veins of the deposit are dated with the fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron method at 103 ±4Ma, indicating that the gold deposit was formed in the Yenshanian period. 87Sr/86Sr sourcetracing shows the ore-forming materials came dominantly from alkaline intrusions. These results, combined with other isotope and REE data, suggest that the Dengping gold deposit is not a traditional magmatic hydrothermal deposit, but a reworked hydrothermal deposit related to heated and evoved meteoric water.展开更多
According to the differences in ore-controlling structural systems and the characteristics of host rocks, textures and structures of ores and mineral associations of ores, quartz vein-type gold deposits in the Rushan ...According to the differences in ore-controlling structural systems and the characteristics of host rocks, textures and structures of ores and mineral associations of ores, quartz vein-type gold deposits in the Rushan area can be divided into the Rushan and Tongling styles. Rushan style gold deposits, occurring in the Kunyushan complex, include Rushan, Tangjiagou and Tongxishan gold mines. They are distributed along four NNE-trending and sinistral, compresso-shear faults with a right stepping array. A prominent characteristic of the gold mineralization is that the orebodies in neighbouring gold deposits distributed in a single ore-controlling fault zone take opposite pitches. Study of the locating structures of the quartz vein gold deposits shows that the Rushan-style gold deposits are characterized by NNE and NE zoning. Therefore, the intersections of the NE direction of the known gold deposit and the neighbouring NNE-trending fault zones are favourable for looking for gold deposits, and the ends of the curving segments of sinistral and right-stepping faults are favourable for looking for large gold deposits. Tongling-style gold deposits occur in the Sanfosan porphyritic monzonitic granite. Emplacement of gold deposits is controlled by arcuate and radiate structures formed during the intrusion of the Sanfoshan porphyritic monzonitic granite; the radiate faults controlled the distribution of orebodies and the arcuate faults controlled the pitch of the orebodies.展开更多
The Donalda gold deposit in the southern part of the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt consists mainly of a subhonzontal gold-quartz vein perpendicular to subvertical shear zones.The 0.3—0.5 m thick vein is characteriz...The Donalda gold deposit in the southern part of the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt consists mainly of a subhonzontal gold-quartz vein perpendicular to subvertical shear zones.The 0.3—0.5 m thick vein is characterized by vein-parallel banding structures indicating multiple episodes of fracture opening and mineral precipitation.Measurement of the c-axis of primary growth quartz indicates that quartz preferentially grew perpendicular to the fracture,suggesting open space filling and/or extensional nature of the fracture.Measurement of the orientations of microfractures,veinlets and fluid—inclusion planes(FIPs) crosscutting primary growth quartz indicates that the vein minerals were subject to a vertical maximum principal stress(σ_1),which is inconsistent with the subhorizontalσ_1 inferred from the regional stress field with N—S shortening.This apparent discrepancy is explained by invoking episodic fluid pressure fluctuation between supralithostatic and hydrostatic regimes accompanied by episodic opening and closing of the sub-horizontal fracture.When fluid pressure was higher than the lithostatic value,the fracture was opened and primary growth minerals were precipitated,whereas when fluid pressure decreased toward the hydrostatic value,the hanging wall of the fracture collapsed,causing collision of protruding primary growth minerals from both sides of the fracture and resulting in formation of vein-parallel deformation bands.The columns where the two facing sides of the fracture collided were subject to higher-than-lithostatic stress due to the bridging effect and reduced support surface area,explaining the development of verticalσ_1.This hypothesis is consistent the fault-valve model,and explains the flipping ofσ_1 without having to change the regional stress field.展开更多
The Sanshenjiang gold deposit in southeastern Guizhou Province, China, is hosted by the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks which experienced low-grade greenschist facies metamorphism. Gold mineralization occurs main...The Sanshenjiang gold deposit in southeastern Guizhou Province, China, is hosted by the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks which experienced low-grade greenschist facies metamorphism. Gold mineralization occurs mainly in the ribbon chiltern slate of the first member of the Longli Formation and is controlled by both strata and faults. Ore bodies are characterized by abundant quartz-arsenopyrite-gold-pyrite-bedding veins, veinlets and small lenses within the shear zone. In this study, trace element and REE geochemistry was analyzed to constrain the origin and genesis of this deposit. The trace element signatures of wall rocks and veins display a basically similar tendency in the spider diagram, showing the genetic relationship. The values of Co/Ni, Y/Ho, Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La reflect that the hydrothermal fluids of this deposit were derived from the mixture of multiple sources with marked enrichment of Cl and moderate to high temperature. There is a broad similarity in the chondrite-normalized patterns and REE fractionation between wall rocks and ore bodies, possibly reflecting their similar origin. Based on the difference in δCe and δEu, quartz veins and lenses can be subdivided into weakly negative Ce-anomalies (δCe=0.81 to 1.06) with slight Eu anomalies (δEu=0.81 to 1.06) type and the significant positive Ce-anomalies (δCe=1.13 to 1.97) with moderate negative Eu-anomalies type, probably suggesting physical-chemical changes in the evolution process of ore-forming fluids from the early to late stage. It can be concluded that the ore-forming process may have experienced three stages: formation of the original ore source bed, regional metamorphism and gold mineralization, on the basis of trace element and REE analysis and field observation.展开更多
The Rushan gold deposit, explored in recent years in the Jiaodong area, Shandong Province is a quartz vein-type gold deposit hosted in granite. The temperature of its major mineralization episode is between 220℃ and ...The Rushan gold deposit, explored in recent years in the Jiaodong area, Shandong Province is a quartz vein-type gold deposit hosted in granite. The temperature of its major mineralization episode is between 220℃ and 280℃. The salinity of the ore-forming fluid is 5 % to 9% NaCl equivalent, with H2O and CO2 as the dominant gas constituents. The fluid is rich in Na+, Ca+ and Cl-, but relatively impoverished in K+ and F-, characterized by either Ca2+ >Na+ >K+ (in three samples) or Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ (in six samples). Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the ore-forming fluid are highly variable with δ18 OH2O ranging between -7. 70‰ and 5. 97‰ and δDH2O between - 128‰ and - 71‰. The possibility of lamprophyre serving as the source of gold can be excluded in view of its low gold content on the order of 2. 5 × 10 -9. Rb-Sr isochron ages of the deposit and the host Kunyushan granite are (104. 8±1. 5) Ma and 134. 6 Ma respectively with the respective initial Sr ratios of 0. 71307 and 0. 7096. It is considered that the emplacement of the lamprophyre under a tensile environment had provided sufficient heat energy to facilitate deep circulation of meteoric water by which ore metals were extracted from the Kunyushan granite through long-term water-rock reaction.展开更多
The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the dep...The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the deposit is rich in iron, but poor in manganese, showing that this mineral crystallized from hydrothermal solution at low temperature. The temperatures at the main metallogenic stage of the Qixia gold deposit are Within the range of 160 -270t. The gaseous phases in fluid inclusions are dominated by H2O and CO2, while Na+,Ca2+ and Cl- are the major species in the fluid phase with K+ and F- present in relativelysmall amounts. The salinities of fluids are 4. 2 wt% - 8. 0 wt% NaCl equiv. Meanwhile, thefluid is characterized by either Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ (in five samples) or Na+ > Ca2 + > K+ (in twosamples), quite similar to the composition of ore-forming fluid derived from meteoric water.Primary data on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluid fallwithin a wide range: δ%H2o = - 56‰-95‰ and δ18OH2O=- 3.6‰-4. 5‰ relative toSMOW. These isotopic values fully reflect the distribution features of meteoric water which hasexchanged with the metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Group at different temperatures and W/R ratios, and the metallogenic process is characterized by low W/R ratios. The Rb-Sr isochronage of the Qixia gold deposit is 125. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma, with (87Sr/86Sr) being 0. 7168, and the timeinterval between the gold deposit and its country rocks (granite or metamoprhic rocks) is verylarge. The formation Of the Qiaxia gold deposit is directly related to the evolution of geologicalhistory in eastern Shandong, and a genetic model in which the deep convective circulating meteoric water reacts with the country rocks can be used to explain the metallogenic mechanism ofthe deposit.展开更多
Shibaqinghao gold deposit is situated in the western part of the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is controlled by an E-W trending tectonic zone that is located in the middle unit of Dongwufenzi group whi...Shibaqinghao gold deposit is situated in the western part of the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is controlled by an E-W trending tectonic zone that is located in the middle unit of Dongwufenzi group which consists of a se- quence of greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks in an Archean greenstone belt. In Shibaqinghao gold deposit there are two types of gold ore, a mylonite ore and a quartz vein ore. Mylonite ore bodies were formed during ductile shearing stage in the Early Proterozoic, whereas quartz vein ore bedies might have been fOrmed in the Mesozoic time. Pyrite accompanied with native gold in the mylonite ore has sulpfur of which ■S values range from-5. 8 to + 0. 8 per mil,similar to the values of mantle-derived sulphur. These data suggest that gold in the mylonite ore be derived from the country rocks which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pyrite in quartz vein ore has the of ■S values between + 3. 0 and + 11. 0 per mil, similar to the values of some granitic rocks. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz vein ore is related to some granitic magma generated in the crust. This study revealed that two different mineralization occurred at different geological times and in different environments but in the same place, resuling in the Shibaqinghao gold deposit.展开更多
The Jinshan gold deposit consists of gold\|bearing ultramylonite and gold\|bearing quartz vein ores. The Rb\|Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from quartz veins is the same as that of the gold\|bearing ult...The Jinshan gold deposit consists of gold\|bearing ultramylonite and gold\|bearing quartz vein ores. The Rb\|Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from quartz veins is the same as that of the gold\|bearing ultramylonite, suggesting that both the types of orebodies were formed simultaneously in the Caledonian period, in the range 406-409 Ma. REE patterns and sulfur, lead, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen isotope data, as well as the composition of fluid inclusions, have shown that the ore\|forming fluids were derived from formation water, and the ore\|forming materials came from the gold\|hosted rocks. The Jinshan gold deposit occurring in a Caledonian brittle\|ductile zone in metamorphosed microclastic rocks owes its origin to Caledonian reworking processes.展开更多
There are two types of gold ore in Shibaqinghao gold deposit, a mylonite ore and a quartz - vein ore. Pb isotope compositions for mylonite ore are characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios ranging from 16.63 to 17.45 (...There are two types of gold ore in Shibaqinghao gold deposit, a mylonite ore and a quartz - vein ore. Pb isotope compositions for mylonite ore are characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios ranging from 16.63 to 17.45 (206Pb/204Pb), 15.31 to15.48 (207Pb/204pb), 36.52 to 38.85 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the mantle evolution. These ratios suggest that gold in the mylonite ore might be derived from the country rocks, which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pb isotope compositions for quartz - vein ore are characterized by higher Pb isotope ratios ranging from 18.23 to 19.74 (206Pb/204Pb), 15.69 to 15.89 (207Pb/204Pb), 38.64 to 40. 13 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the upper crustal evolution. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz - vein ore might be related to some granitic magma generated in the crust.展开更多
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grants G 2001CB 409807,G 1999043216).
文摘The Bulong gold deposit, located in the southwest Tianshan in China, occurs in the Upper Devonian finegrained clastic rocks. The gold orebodies are controlled by an gently inclined interlayer fractured zone. They are hosted only in quartz-barite veins though there are barite veins and quartz veins in the ore district. The δ34S values of pyrite in the ores range from 14.6‰ to 19.2‰ and those of barite from 35.0‰ to 39.6‰, indicating that the sulfur was derived from the strata. 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite are 0.24-0.82 R/Ra, approximating to that of the crust. The 40Ar/39Ar ratios range from 338 to 471, slightly higher than that of the atmosphere. 40Ar /4He ratios of ore fluids range from 0.015 to 0.412 with a mean of 0.153. Helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions show that the ore fluids of the Bulong gold deposit were mainly derived from the crust.
文摘The Yangshan gold deposit is a super-large fine-grained disseminated gold deposit located in southern Gansu Province. Its metallogenic age has been determined by using the cathodoluminescence image and ion probe U-Pb dating techniques. It is found that zircons from quartz veinlet of the fine-grained disseminated gold ore show characters of magmatic origin with prism idiomorphism, oscillatory zoning and dominant Th/U ratios of 0.5-1.5. Three main populations of zircons are obtained, giving average 206Pb/238U ages of 197.6±1.7 Ma, 126.9±3.2 Ma and 51.2±1.3 Ma respectively. The first age corresponds to the K-Ar age of the plagiogranite dike, while the latter two ages indicate that buried Cretaceous and Tertiary intrusives exist in the orefield, suggesting that the Yangshan gold deposit was genetically related to the three magmatic hydrothermal activities. By contrast, zircons from coarse gold-bearing quartz vein in the mining area are much older than the host rock, indicating that the vein was formed earlier and was not contaminated by later magmatic fluids. It is concluded that the coupling of multiperiodic hydrothermal activities in the mining area has contributed a lot to mineralization of the Yangshan gold deposit.
基金This research project was granted jointly by the State Key Program (95pre39)sponsored by the China National Science and Tech nology Departmentthe State Out standing Young Scientists Foundation (GrantNo .4 96 2 5 3 0 4 ) and the Open Lab.of Ore Depo
文摘In the eastern part of China there had occurred large\|scale gold mineralization during the Mesozoic, resulting in a large number of important gold ore\|concentrated areas. In this paper we have selected some isotope data (including four gold deposits previously studied and two gold deposits in this work) of Au\|bearing quartz veins of the representative gold deposits in six important gold ore\|concentrated areas in the periphery of the North China Platform and calculated their metallogenic ages using the method of Ludwig (2.90 version). The results show that the representative gold deposits in the six gold ore\|concentrated areas were formed during the Mesozoic.
基金funding through Minor Research Project from Indian School of Mines,Dhanbad and SERC,Department of Science & Technology,New Delhi,India
文摘REE composition of the carbonates of the auriferous quartz carbonate veins(QCVs) of the Neoarchean Ajjanahalli gold deposit.Chitradurga schist belt.Dharwar Craton,is characterized by U-shaped chondrite normalized REE patterns with both LREE and HREE enrichment and a distinct positive Eu anomaly.As positive Eu anomaly is associated with low oxygen fugacity,we propose that the auriferous fluids responsible for gold mineralization at Ajjanahalli could be from an oxygen depleted fluid.The observed positive Eu anomaly is interpreted to suggest the derivation of the auriferous fluids from a mantle reservoir.The location of Ajjanahalli gold deposit in a crustal scale shear zone is consistent with this interpretation.
文摘The Dongping gold deposit, situated on the northern margin of the North China Platform, is a composite deposit composed of auriferous quartz vein-type and altered rock-type ore bodies. It is hosted in the inner contact zone of an alkaline intrusion which was intruded into Archean metamorphic rocks and was formed not later than the Hercynian peried. Auriferous quartz veins of the deposit are dated with the fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron method at 103 ±4Ma, indicating that the gold deposit was formed in the Yenshanian period. 87Sr/86Sr sourcetracing shows the ore-forming materials came dominantly from alkaline intrusions. These results, combined with other isotope and REE data, suggest that the Dengping gold deposit is not a traditional magmatic hydrothermal deposit, but a reworked hydrothermal deposit related to heated and evoved meteoric water.
基金This research was supported by the Funds for Key Scientific and Technological Projects of the 9th Five-Year Plan.
文摘According to the differences in ore-controlling structural systems and the characteristics of host rocks, textures and structures of ores and mineral associations of ores, quartz vein-type gold deposits in the Rushan area can be divided into the Rushan and Tongling styles. Rushan style gold deposits, occurring in the Kunyushan complex, include Rushan, Tangjiagou and Tongxishan gold mines. They are distributed along four NNE-trending and sinistral, compresso-shear faults with a right stepping array. A prominent characteristic of the gold mineralization is that the orebodies in neighbouring gold deposits distributed in a single ore-controlling fault zone take opposite pitches. Study of the locating structures of the quartz vein gold deposits shows that the Rushan-style gold deposits are characterized by NNE and NE zoning. Therefore, the intersections of the NE direction of the known gold deposit and the neighbouring NNE-trending fault zones are favourable for looking for gold deposits, and the ends of the curving segments of sinistral and right-stepping faults are favourable for looking for large gold deposits. Tongling-style gold deposits occur in the Sanfosan porphyritic monzonitic granite. Emplacement of gold deposits is controlled by arcuate and radiate structures formed during the intrusion of the Sanfoshan porphyritic monzonitic granite; the radiate faults controlled the distribution of orebodies and the arcuate faults controlled the pitch of the orebodies.
文摘The Donalda gold deposit in the southern part of the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt consists mainly of a subhonzontal gold-quartz vein perpendicular to subvertical shear zones.The 0.3—0.5 m thick vein is characterized by vein-parallel banding structures indicating multiple episodes of fracture opening and mineral precipitation.Measurement of the c-axis of primary growth quartz indicates that quartz preferentially grew perpendicular to the fracture,suggesting open space filling and/or extensional nature of the fracture.Measurement of the orientations of microfractures,veinlets and fluid—inclusion planes(FIPs) crosscutting primary growth quartz indicates that the vein minerals were subject to a vertical maximum principal stress(σ_1),which is inconsistent with the subhorizontalσ_1 inferred from the regional stress field with N—S shortening.This apparent discrepancy is explained by invoking episodic fluid pressure fluctuation between supralithostatic and hydrostatic regimes accompanied by episodic opening and closing of the sub-horizontal fracture.When fluid pressure was higher than the lithostatic value,the fracture was opened and primary growth minerals were precipitated,whereas when fluid pressure decreased toward the hydrostatic value,the hanging wall of the fracture collapsed,causing collision of protruding primary growth minerals from both sides of the fracture and resulting in formation of vein-parallel deformation bands.The columns where the two facing sides of the fracture collided were subject to higher-than-lithostatic stress due to the bridging effect and reduced support surface area,explaining the development of verticalσ_1.This hypothesis is consistent the fault-valve model,and explains the flipping ofσ_1 without having to change the regional stress field.
基金supported jointly by the Doctoral Program of the Ministry of Education of China (20105201110002)the Program of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guizhou Province+1 种基金the Provincial Foundation of Guizhou Provincethe Doctoral Program Foundation of Guizhou University
文摘The Sanshenjiang gold deposit in southeastern Guizhou Province, China, is hosted by the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks which experienced low-grade greenschist facies metamorphism. Gold mineralization occurs mainly in the ribbon chiltern slate of the first member of the Longli Formation and is controlled by both strata and faults. Ore bodies are characterized by abundant quartz-arsenopyrite-gold-pyrite-bedding veins, veinlets and small lenses within the shear zone. In this study, trace element and REE geochemistry was analyzed to constrain the origin and genesis of this deposit. The trace element signatures of wall rocks and veins display a basically similar tendency in the spider diagram, showing the genetic relationship. The values of Co/Ni, Y/Ho, Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La reflect that the hydrothermal fluids of this deposit were derived from the mixture of multiple sources with marked enrichment of Cl and moderate to high temperature. There is a broad similarity in the chondrite-normalized patterns and REE fractionation between wall rocks and ore bodies, possibly reflecting their similar origin. Based on the difference in δCe and δEu, quartz veins and lenses can be subdivided into weakly negative Ce-anomalies (δCe=0.81 to 1.06) with slight Eu anomalies (δEu=0.81 to 1.06) type and the significant positive Ce-anomalies (δCe=1.13 to 1.97) with moderate negative Eu-anomalies type, probably suggesting physical-chemical changes in the evolution process of ore-forming fluids from the early to late stage. It can be concluded that the ore-forming process may have experienced three stages: formation of the original ore source bed, regional metamorphism and gold mineralization, on the basis of trace element and REE analysis and field observation.
文摘The Rushan gold deposit, explored in recent years in the Jiaodong area, Shandong Province is a quartz vein-type gold deposit hosted in granite. The temperature of its major mineralization episode is between 220℃ and 280℃. The salinity of the ore-forming fluid is 5 % to 9% NaCl equivalent, with H2O and CO2 as the dominant gas constituents. The fluid is rich in Na+, Ca+ and Cl-, but relatively impoverished in K+ and F-, characterized by either Ca2+ >Na+ >K+ (in three samples) or Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ (in six samples). Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the ore-forming fluid are highly variable with δ18 OH2O ranging between -7. 70‰ and 5. 97‰ and δDH2O between - 128‰ and - 71‰. The possibility of lamprophyre serving as the source of gold can be excluded in view of its low gold content on the order of 2. 5 × 10 -9. Rb-Sr isochron ages of the deposit and the host Kunyushan granite are (104. 8±1. 5) Ma and 134. 6 Ma respectively with the respective initial Sr ratios of 0. 71307 and 0. 7096. It is considered that the emplacement of the lamprophyre under a tensile environment had provided sufficient heat energy to facilitate deep circulation of meteoric water by which ore metals were extracted from the Kunyushan granite through long-term water-rock reaction.
文摘The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the deposit is rich in iron, but poor in manganese, showing that this mineral crystallized from hydrothermal solution at low temperature. The temperatures at the main metallogenic stage of the Qixia gold deposit are Within the range of 160 -270t. The gaseous phases in fluid inclusions are dominated by H2O and CO2, while Na+,Ca2+ and Cl- are the major species in the fluid phase with K+ and F- present in relativelysmall amounts. The salinities of fluids are 4. 2 wt% - 8. 0 wt% NaCl equiv. Meanwhile, thefluid is characterized by either Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ (in five samples) or Na+ > Ca2 + > K+ (in twosamples), quite similar to the composition of ore-forming fluid derived from meteoric water.Primary data on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluid fallwithin a wide range: δ%H2o = - 56‰-95‰ and δ18OH2O=- 3.6‰-4. 5‰ relative toSMOW. These isotopic values fully reflect the distribution features of meteoric water which hasexchanged with the metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Group at different temperatures and W/R ratios, and the metallogenic process is characterized by low W/R ratios. The Rb-Sr isochronage of the Qixia gold deposit is 125. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma, with (87Sr/86Sr) being 0. 7168, and the timeinterval between the gold deposit and its country rocks (granite or metamoprhic rocks) is verylarge. The formation Of the Qiaxia gold deposit is directly related to the evolution of geologicalhistory in eastern Shandong, and a genetic model in which the deep convective circulating meteoric water reacts with the country rocks can be used to explain the metallogenic mechanism ofthe deposit.
文摘Shibaqinghao gold deposit is situated in the western part of the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is controlled by an E-W trending tectonic zone that is located in the middle unit of Dongwufenzi group which consists of a se- quence of greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks in an Archean greenstone belt. In Shibaqinghao gold deposit there are two types of gold ore, a mylonite ore and a quartz vein ore. Mylonite ore bodies were formed during ductile shearing stage in the Early Proterozoic, whereas quartz vein ore bedies might have been fOrmed in the Mesozoic time. Pyrite accompanied with native gold in the mylonite ore has sulpfur of which ■S values range from-5. 8 to + 0. 8 per mil,similar to the values of mantle-derived sulphur. These data suggest that gold in the mylonite ore be derived from the country rocks which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pyrite in quartz vein ore has the of ■S values between + 3. 0 and + 11. 0 per mil, similar to the values of some granitic rocks. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz vein ore is related to some granitic magma generated in the crust. This study revealed that two different mineralization occurred at different geological times and in different environments but in the same place, resuling in the Shibaqinghao gold deposit.
文摘The Jinshan gold deposit consists of gold\|bearing ultramylonite and gold\|bearing quartz vein ores. The Rb\|Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from quartz veins is the same as that of the gold\|bearing ultramylonite, suggesting that both the types of orebodies were formed simultaneously in the Caledonian period, in the range 406-409 Ma. REE patterns and sulfur, lead, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen isotope data, as well as the composition of fluid inclusions, have shown that the ore\|forming fluids were derived from formation water, and the ore\|forming materials came from the gold\|hosted rocks. The Jinshan gold deposit occurring in a Caledonian brittle\|ductile zone in metamorphosed microclastic rocks owes its origin to Caledonian reworking processes.
文摘There are two types of gold ore in Shibaqinghao gold deposit, a mylonite ore and a quartz - vein ore. Pb isotope compositions for mylonite ore are characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios ranging from 16.63 to 17.45 (206Pb/204Pb), 15.31 to15.48 (207Pb/204pb), 36.52 to 38.85 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the mantle evolution. These ratios suggest that gold in the mylonite ore might be derived from the country rocks, which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pb isotope compositions for quartz - vein ore are characterized by higher Pb isotope ratios ranging from 18.23 to 19.74 (206Pb/204Pb), 15.69 to 15.89 (207Pb/204Pb), 38.64 to 40. 13 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the upper crustal evolution. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz - vein ore might be related to some granitic magma generated in the crust.