Optimum placement and characteristics of velocity-dependent dampers under seismic excitation

In this study, through novel drift-based equations of motion in the frequency domain, optimum placement and characteristics of linear velocity-dependent dampers are investigated. In this study, the sum of the square of the absolute values of transfer matrix elements for interstory drifts is considered as the optimization index. Optimum placement and characteristics of dampers are simultaneously obtained by minimizing the optimization index through an incremental procedure. In each step of the procedure, a predefined value is considered as the damper characteristic. The optimum story for this increment is selected such that it leads to a minimum value for the optimization index. The procedure is repeated for the next increments until the optimization index meets its target value, which is obtained according to the desired damping ratio for the overall structure. In other words, the desired overall damping ratio is the input to the proposed procedure, and the optimal placement and characteristics of the dampers are its output. It is observed that the optimal placement of a velocitydependent damper depends on the damping coefficient of the added damper, frequency of the excitation, and distribution of the mass, stiffness, and inherent damping of the main structure.

Closure to“Discussion on‘Optimum placement and characteristics of velocity-dependent dampers under seismic excitation' by SA Mousavi and AK Ghorbani-Tanha”by Izuru Takewaki

The authors would like to thank the discusser for his considerations and comments. The discusser believes that some of the derived formulations need to be referred to his previously published works and also some related studies have not been cited.

Discussion on “Optimum placement and characteristics of velocity-dependent dampers under seismic excitation” by Seyed Amin Mousavi and Amir K. Ghorbani-Tanha

The authors presented an interesting aspect in viscous or visco-elastic damper optimization under earthquake excitation. They also reviewed the research development in the field of passive damper optimization.

Optimizing distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers for building structures with inverse element exchange method

Multiple tuned mass dampers(MTMDs)reduce dynamic response with multiple specified frequencies of building structures.Many optimization algorithms for placement design exist,though they rarely conform to code-based verification nor produce high quality solutions without high computational effort and high complexity.This study proposes an inverse element exchange method(IEEM)with multi-level programming and compares it to a single tuned mass damper(STMD)and uniform distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers in the frequency and time domains.A ten-story shear building is used for the numerical case study.The results show that the proposed method can offer improvement over the STMD,uniform distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers,and distribution optimized by genetic algorithms(GA)with regard to minimizing the interstory drift ratio(IDR)in both the frequency and time domains and the time consumption for optimization.

基于Damper的方向盘抖动问题优化设计

方向盘是顾客使用频次较高的零部件,受发动机等振源影响,在某些工况下方向盘会出现抖动等让顾客感到不适的问题,本文浅析了某车型方向盘高速抖动的原因,在现有方向盘结构上优化设计,增加Damper吸振器,有效解决了方向盘抖动问题,提升了顾客舒适性。

Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Performance of Hermetic Diaphragm Squeeze Film Dampers for Gas-Lubricated Bearings

Low damping characteristics have always been a key sticking points in the development of gas bearings.The application of squeeze film dampers can significantly improve the damping performance of gas lubricated bearings.This paper proposed a novel hermetic diaphragm squeeze film damper(HDSFD)for oil-free turbomachinery supported by gas lubricated bearings.Several types of HDSFDs with symmetrical structure were proposed for good damping performance.By considering the compressibility of the damper fluid,based on hydraulic fluid mechanics theory,a dynamic model of HDSFDs under medium is proposed,which successfully reflects the frequency dependence of force coefficients.Based on the dynamic model,the effects of damper fluid viscosity,bulk modulus of damper fluid,thickness of damper fluid film and plunger thickness on the dynamic stiffness and damping of HDSFDs were analyzed.An experimental test rig was assembled and series of experimental studies on HDSFDs were conducted.The damper fluid transverse flow is added to the existing HDSFD concept,which aims to make the dynamic force coefficients independent of frequency.Although the force coefficient is still frequency dependent,the damping coefficient at high frequency excitation with damper fluid supply twice as that without damper fluid supply.The results serve as a benchmark for the calibration of analytical tools under development.

Vibration attenuation performance of wind turbine tower using a prestressed tuned mass damper under seismic excitation

With the rapid development of large megawatt wind turbines,the operation environment of wind turbine towers(WTTs)has become increasingly complex.In particular,seismic excitation can create a resonance response and cause excessive vibration of the WTT.To investigate the vibration attenuation performance of the WTT under seismic excitations,a novel passive vibration control device,called a prestressed tuned mass damper(PS-TMD),is presented in this study.First,a mathematical model is established based on structural dynamics under seismic excitation.Then,the mathematical analytical expression of the dynamic coefficient is deduced,and the parameter design method is obtained by system tuning optimization.Next,based on a theoretical analysis and parameter design,the numerical results showed that the PS-TMD was able to effectively mitigate the resonance under the harmonic basal acceleration.Finally,the time-history analysis method is used to verify the effectiveness of the traditional pendulum tuned mass damper(PTMD)and the novel PS-TMD device,and the results indicate that the vibration attenuation performance of the PS-TMD is better than the PTMD.In addition,the PS-TMD avoids the nonlinear effect due to the large oscillation angle,and has the potential to dissipate hysteretic energy under seismic excitation.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

Parameters Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Tuned Inerter Damper for the Seismic Protection of Adjacent Building Structures

In order to improve the seismic performance of adjacent buildings,two types of tuned inerter damper(TID)damping systems for adjacent buildings are proposed,which are composed of springs,inerter devices and dampers in serial or in parallel.The dynamic equations of TID adjacent building damping systems were derived,and the H2 norm criterion was used to optimize and adjust them,so that the system had the optimum damping performance under white noise random excitation.Taking TID frequency ratio and damping ratio as optimization parameters,the optimum analytical solutions of the displacement frequency response of the undamped structure under white noise excitation were obtained.The results showed that compared with the classic TMD,TID could obtain a better damping effect in the adjacent buildings.Comparing the TIDs composed of serial or parallel,it was found that the parallel TIDs had more significant advantages in controlling the peak displacement frequency response,while the H2 norm of the displacement frequency response of the damping system under the coupling of serial TID was smaller.Taking the adjacent building composed of two ten-story frame structures as an example,the displacement and energy collection time history analysis of the adjacent building coupled with the optimum design parameter TIDs were carried out.It was found that TID had a better damping effect in the full-time range compared with the classic TMD.This paper also studied the potential power of TID in adjacent buildings,which can be converted into available power resources during earthquakes.

Parameter Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper Inerter via Adaptive Harmony Search

Dynamic impacts such as wind and earthquakes cause loss of life and economic damage.To ensure safety against these effects,various measures have been taken from past to present and solutions have been developed using different technologies.Tall buildings are more susceptible to vibrations such as wind and earthquakes.Therefore,vibration control has become an important issue in civil engineering.This study optimizes tuned mass damper inerter(TMDI)using far-fault ground motion records.This study derives the optimum parameters of TMDI using the Adaptive Harmony Search algorithm.Structure displacement and total acceleration against earthquake load are analyzed to assess the performance of the TMDI system.The effect of the inerter when connected to different floors is observed,and the results are compared to the conventional tuned mass damper(TMD).It is indicated that the case of connecting the inerter force to the 5th floor gives better results.As a result,TMD and TMDI systems reduce the displacement by 21.87%and 25.45%,respectively,and the total acceleration by 25.45%and 19.59%,respectively.These percentage reductions indicated that the structure resilience against dynamic loads can be increased using control systems.

Seismic Resilience Analysis of a Concrete-Framed Hospital Building with Viscous Dampers

To study the seismic resilience of a concrete-framed hospital building with viscous dampers,the elastoplastic time history analysis of a three-story concrete-framed hospital building under moderate and rare earthquakes was carried out by finite element analysis software.The structure’s overall response was studied,meanwhile,the seismic resilience of the building was evaluated from three aspects:repair cost,repair time,and casualties.The results show that viscous dampers can effectively reduce the repair cost,repair time,and casualties under earthquakes.Compared with the structure without dampers,the repair cost and repair time of the structure with dampers have been reduced by 67%and 69%respectively under moderate earthquakes,42%and 39%respectively under rare earthquakes,and the seismic resilience grade has been increased from zero to one star.

Seismic Behavior Research of SRC Frame Special⁃shaped Columns with Viscous Damper

Based on the non⁃linear finite element analysis software ETABS,a 3⁃spans of 1/2.5⁃scale of two⁃bay and three⁃story frame composed of steel reinforced concrete(SRC)special⁃shaped columns with energy dissipation devices,and time⁃history analysis were employed to research the seismic response of the models.The results show that the seismic performance of SRC frame special⁃shaped columns with fluid viscous dampers was superior to those structures without the devices;most of the energy of the structure imposed by earthquake was dissipated by the viscous dampers.By means of analysis result,the damping parameters of the viscous dampers are optimized;the results show that the vibration damping effect of viscous dampers was sensitive to the spectral characteristics of seismic wave.These results can serve for the structure design,retrofitted design and parameter analysis of the SRC frame with special⁃shaped columns with viscous dampers.

基于性能谱设计的被动消能减震结构易损性分析

建设韧性城市的实质是实现城市灾后的可修复和自修复功能,消能减震技术为提高城市韧性、实现可持续发展提供了新思路。基于性能谱设计方法,提出一种适用于中低层框架结构的减震设计方法,将结构阻尼参数、响应及地震动参数结合起来,通过改变结构性能参数达到控制其响应的目的;并采用该方法对一6层Benchmark钢框架结构进行减震设计,对比分析在远场和近场有、无明显脉冲地震动记录下,减震设计前后结构不同损伤状态下的易损性。结果表明:在弹性阶段,近场非脉冲和脉冲型地震动记录下的结构响应基本一致,且略大于远场地震动记录下;在弹塑性至倒塌阶段,近场非脉冲型地震动记录下的结构响应大于远场地震动记录下;相比于远场和近场非脉冲型地震动记录,近场脉冲型地震动记录更容易引起结构的破坏甚至倒塌。基于性能谱减震设计方法设计的结构,其抗倒塌能力在远场、近场非脉冲和近场脉冲型地震动记录下分别提高了44.8%、43.8%和45.6%,进一步说明该减震设计方法受地震动记录的影响非常小。

速度放大型电涡流扭矩阻尼器的缓速性能研究

由于展开速度过快,旋转机构展开到预定形态时常引起机构与限位装置碰撞而造成损坏,如SpaceX公司生产的猎鹰9号火箭在折叠支腿展开过程中,过大转角速度可能导致支腿销铰破坏.加装阻尼器可减缓机构转速,提升展开安全性,是火箭稳定着陆的前提与保证.传统位移型阻尼器不具备速度适应能力,在应用于机构展开时存在展开卡死风险;而传统高压油液阻尼器在高速运作下易引发漏液造成失效.电涡流扭矩阻尼器作为一类新型的速度型阻尼器,可用于减缓机构转动角速度,具有不需外接电源、无工作流体、耐久性强等优势,但因永磁体与导体板的相对运动速度小导致其耗能效率不高,限制了其在工程中的应用.为加强传统复合管电涡流阻尼器性能,本文提出了一种磁路优化后的复合管电涡流扭矩阻尼器.相较于传统的复合管电涡流阻尼器,本文提出的阻尼器有更小的磁漏和安装体积,此外,加入齿轮增速装置提升其工作转速,进一步提升耗能性能.基于COMSOL分析软件建立了电涡流扭矩阻尼器的有限元模型,分析了空气间隙、导体管厚度、背铁厚度等参数对扭转阻尼系数的影响;同时考虑安装空间尺寸,推导了电涡流阻尼力计算公式,提出了复合管电涡流扭矩阻尼系数估算公式.制造了速度放大型电涡流扭矩阻尼器样机和展开机构原理验证装置,并进行了冲击缓速性能测试.研究结果表明,对于特定的阻尼器参数,合理地对永磁体及导体板的厚度取值,能获得较大的扭转阻尼系数;本文提出的阻尼系数估算方法能精确描述速度放大型电涡流扭矩阻尼器在阻尼线性段的力学性能;采用质量为12 kg左右的阻尼器样机可将试验展开机构在最不利工况下的最终动能耗散效率达41.6%,具有较强耗能效率优势.

含改进LuGre摩擦的斜楔减振器斜碰撞动力学分析

针对货车转向架用斜楔摩擦减振器,引入改进LuGre动摩擦,通过简化得到一类含动摩擦及间隙的3自由度斜碰撞振动系统,建立系统的力学模型,得到系统的运动方程,并分析系统的运动状态及其条件。通过数值仿真分析外激励频率变化时系统运动的转迁过程以及黏滞、颤振现象。结果表明:在一定参数下,随着激振频率的变化,系统发生周期倍化分岔、逆周期倍化分岔以及Neimark-Sacher分岔,系统运动存在“周期泡”现象。当系统激振频率在4.4至4.6之间时,系统运动中存在颤振和黏滞现象;当系统激振频率在4.6至5.9之间时,黏滞现象消失,只存在颤振现象。

海上浮式风机纵摇及其抑制研究进展

梳理了风浪荷载单独作用与联合作用下浮式风机的纵摇响应规律,总结了调谐质量阻尼器、波浪能利用装置以及船用减摇设备等外加阻尼装置对浮式风机的减摇效果,揭示了不同减摇措施的作用机理,指出了各装置未来在控制策略、布置形式以及应用对象等研究中仍需要解决的问题。

有轨电车弹性车轮尖啸噪声分析及阻尼器设计

针对有轨电车通过曲线段时的尖啸噪声问题,文章提出了一种基于实车数据先验的弹性车轮噪声阻尼器设计方法。对某有轨电车进行小曲线线路噪声测试,获取相应的噪声主频,并建立弹性车轮有限元模型,分析噪声主频对应的车轮模态,从而确定阻尼器设计方向;建立弹性车轮尖啸噪声阻尼器动力学模型,对弹性车轮噪声阻尼器结构进行设计;建立有阻尼器的弹性车轮模型,通过声辐射分析,研究阻尼器的降噪效果。结果表明:相比无阻尼器的弹性车轮,有阻尼器的弹性车轮的辐射噪声明显降低,其在两个尖啸噪声频率处的辐射声功率级分别降低8.5 dB和6.6 dB,总声功率级降低6.8 dB。最后,为验证有限元模型的准确性,进行模态试验验证,结果表明,前11阶仿真模态频率的平均误差为3.07%,模型较为准确可靠。

铰链结构颗粒阻尼防振锤及输电线振动控制研究

为解决微风振动所造成的输电线疲劳破坏、低频振动吸收不明显问题,提出一种新型柔性约束颗粒阻尼防振锤结构,并研究其对输电线振动控制效果。设计一种铰链结构,将导线的振动传导至防振锤并起到将防振锤横向位移放大的效果,为通过颗粒阻尼充分耗能提供有利条件;通过柔性约束颗粒和防振锤腔体灵活设计,增强防振锤中颗粒间的摩擦耗能,进而实现对输电线振动的抑制。在实验室中搭建防振锤-输电线实验平台,分析防振锤对输电线振动控制特性。研究结果表明:带有铰链结构防振锤在保持线夹处动弯应变不变的情况下,具有更好的低频振动抑制效果;所设计的新型柔性颗粒铰链防振锤对于输电线的振动控制效果明显,且具有抑制宽频振动特性。研究结果可为输电线的微风振动控制以及新型防振锤的设计提供新的思路和技术途径。

Semi-active control for vibration attenuation of vehicle suspension with symmetric MR damper

A semi-active force tracking PI controller is formulated and analyzed for a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based damper in conjunction with a quarter-vehicle model. Two different models of the MR-damper are integrated into the closed-loop system model, which includes: a model based upon the mean force-velocity (f-v) behaviour; and a model synthesis comprising inherent nonsmooth hysteretic force and the force limiting properties of the MR damper. The vehicle models are analyzed to study the vibration attenuation performance of the MR-damper using the semi-active force tracking PI control algorithm. The simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, specifically the hysteresis, on the suspension performance. The results show that the proposed control strategy can yield superior vibration attenuation performance of the vehicle suspension actuated by the controllable MR-damper not only in the sprung mass resonance and the ride zones, but also in the vicinity of the wheel-hop. The results further show that the presence of damper hystersis deteriorates the suspension performance.