[Objectives]The use of natural enemies of living insects and their derivatives can effectively avoid the problems of pesticide residues,pest resistance,biodiversity decline,control effect weakening and so on.[Methods]...[Objectives]The use of natural enemies of living insects and their derivatives can effectively avoid the problems of pesticide residues,pest resistance,biodiversity decline,control effect weakening and so on.[Methods]Parasites inject various parasitic factors into hosts to inhibit the development of hosts,adjust the immunity of hosts,interfere with the growth and development of hosts,and reduce the nutrition metabolism of hosts,so as to ensure the growth and development of the offspring.Host pests can escape or conquer the parasitism of parasitic wasps through immune defense system in order to reproduce their own offspring.[Results]Under intense and strong selection pressure,in order to effectively ensure the success rate of parasitism,the adaptive diversity of parasitism strategies of parasitic wasps is finally caused.In the process of evolution and under the pressure of directional selection,the innate immunity and acquired immunity gradually evolve.[Conclusions]In-depth research on parasitic factors of parasitic wasps and their interaction with crop pests immunity and development can not only improve theoretical understanding of insect immunity and development biology,pest biological control and other disciplines,but also be expected to enable the application of some components of parasitic factors to agriculture,medicine and pharmacy.Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive fruit and vegetable pest.This paper summarized the venom protein of B.dorsalis parasitoids and the immune interaction with hosts,in order to provide theoretical basis for biological control of plant pests by using parasitic natural enemies.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant protein （SVHRP） exhibits protective effects on primary cultured hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of SVHRP on astrocyte acti...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant protein （SVHRP） exhibits protective effects on primary cultured hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of SVHRP on astrocyte activity and synaptic density in the hippocampus induced by amyloid β peptide 1-40 （Aβ1-40） neurotoxicity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory, the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, and the Laboratory of Physiology, in Dalian Medical University between March 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS： Aβ1-40 was provided by Biosource, USA; SVHRP was a patented biological product of Dalian Medical University （No. ZL01 1 06166.9）. METHODS： A total of 27 healthy, 2-month-old, male SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups： control, Aβ, and SVHRP, with 9 rats in each group. Alzheimer＇s disease was simulated with 10 μg Aβ1-40 bilaterally injected into the hippocampus of the Aβ and SVHRP groups. The control group was injected with 2 μL 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. One day following model establishment, the SVHRP group received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg/100 g SVHRP, while the control group and Aβ group received 0.5 mL/100 g tri-distilled water, once per day, for 10 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 16 days following model establishment, synaptophysin （p38） expression in CA1-CA4 regions of the rat hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression surrounding the hippocampal Aβ1-40 injected area was also detected. At 11 days following model establishment, escape latency, swimming time, and distance to target quadrant were measured using the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the Aβ group exhibited notably reduced p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably increased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was prolonged （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were shortened in the Aβ group. Compared with the Aβ group, the SVHRP group exhibited notably increased p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably decreased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION： SVHRP inhibited exogenous Aβ1-40-induced astrocyte activation and synaptic density decline in the rat hippocampus. Place navigation and spatial searching results showed that SVHRP blocked Aβ1-40-induced impaired learning and memory.展开更多
基金Supported by Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests (2020-ST-05)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi (GK AA17202017-2).
文摘[Objectives]The use of natural enemies of living insects and their derivatives can effectively avoid the problems of pesticide residues,pest resistance,biodiversity decline,control effect weakening and so on.[Methods]Parasites inject various parasitic factors into hosts to inhibit the development of hosts,adjust the immunity of hosts,interfere with the growth and development of hosts,and reduce the nutrition metabolism of hosts,so as to ensure the growth and development of the offspring.Host pests can escape or conquer the parasitism of parasitic wasps through immune defense system in order to reproduce their own offspring.[Results]Under intense and strong selection pressure,in order to effectively ensure the success rate of parasitism,the adaptive diversity of parasitism strategies of parasitic wasps is finally caused.In the process of evolution and under the pressure of directional selection,the innate immunity and acquired immunity gradually evolve.[Conclusions]In-depth research on parasitic factors of parasitic wasps and their interaction with crop pests immunity and development can not only improve theoretical understanding of insect immunity and development biology,pest biological control and other disciplines,but also be expected to enable the application of some components of parasitic factors to agriculture,medicine and pharmacy.Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive fruit and vegetable pest.This paper summarized the venom protein of B.dorsalis parasitoids and the immune interaction with hosts,in order to provide theoretical basis for biological control of plant pests by using parasitic natural enemies.
基金Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30770737
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that scorpion venom heat-resistant protein （SVHRP） exhibits protective effects on primary cultured hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of SVHRP on astrocyte activity and synaptic density in the hippocampus induced by amyloid β peptide 1-40 （Aβ1-40） neurotoxicity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory, the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, and the Laboratory of Physiology, in Dalian Medical University between March 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS： Aβ1-40 was provided by Biosource, USA; SVHRP was a patented biological product of Dalian Medical University （No. ZL01 1 06166.9）. METHODS： A total of 27 healthy, 2-month-old, male SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups： control, Aβ, and SVHRP, with 9 rats in each group. Alzheimer＇s disease was simulated with 10 μg Aβ1-40 bilaterally injected into the hippocampus of the Aβ and SVHRP groups. The control group was injected with 2 μL 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. One day following model establishment, the SVHRP group received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg/100 g SVHRP, while the control group and Aβ group received 0.5 mL/100 g tri-distilled water, once per day, for 10 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 16 days following model establishment, synaptophysin （p38） expression in CA1-CA4 regions of the rat hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression surrounding the hippocampal Aβ1-40 injected area was also detected. At 11 days following model establishment, escape latency, swimming time, and distance to target quadrant were measured using the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the Aβ group exhibited notably reduced p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably increased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was prolonged （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were shortened in the Aβ group. Compared with the Aβ group, the SVHRP group exhibited notably increased p38 expression （P 〈 0.05） and notably decreased GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus （P 〈 0.05）. Water maze results demonstrated that escape latency was significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05）, and swimming time and distance to the target quadrant were significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION： SVHRP inhibited exogenous Aβ1-40-induced astrocyte activation and synaptic density decline in the rat hippocampus. Place navigation and spatial searching results showed that SVHRP blocked Aβ1-40-induced impaired learning and memory.
