THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRESS-RELATED PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CEREBRAL VENOUS BLOOD FLOW IN NEWBORN RATS ASSESSED BY DOCT

In experiments on newbom rats with stress related intracrani al hemorhage(ICH)using Doppler optical coberence tomognaphy(DOCT)we have shown that latent stage of ICH(4 h after stress)is characterized by decrease of venous blood outflow and the loss of sensitivity of sagittal vein to vasoconstrictor ffect of adrenaline.The incidence of ICH(24 h after stress)was accompanied by progressi on of early pathological changes in cerebral venous blood flow(CVBF)and development of venous insufficiency.Taking into consideration of this fact,we suggest that the suppression of CVBF related to the severity to the deleterious effect of stress on the brain hemodynamics in newborn rats.These facts allow us to conclude that the venous insufficiency with the loss of vasoconstrictor response to adrenaline is an informative and sensitive component of pattern of CVBF that can be important diagnostic criteria of risk of ICH development in newborns.

Can venous blood gas analysis be used for predicting seizure recurrence in emergency department?

BACKGROUND:Epileptic seizures account for 1%–2% of all admissions of patients to the emergency department(ED). The present study aimed to determine whether venous blood pH,bicarbonate,base excess,and lactate levels taken within 1 hour of the last seizure episode help to determine seizure recurrence in emergency departments.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department(ED) between January and July,2012. Patients who were admitted to the emergency department consecutively were included in the study if they were 14 years or older and within 1 hour after last seizure. Demographics,seizure type,use of antiepileptic drugs,observation period at the emergency department,seizure recurrence,pH,bicarbonate,base excess,and lactate levels from venous blood gas analysis were determined.RESULTS:A total of 94 patients aged 14 years or older were included in the study. Of these patients,10.6%(n=10) experienced recurrent seizures in the observation period at the emergency department. To predict recurrent seizures in ED,threshold venous blood gas values were determined as follows:pH<7.245 [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 96.9%(95%CI:88.3–99.4)],bicarbonate<17.1 mmol/L [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 97%(95%CI:89–99.5)],base excess<–11.1 mEq/L [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 97%(95%CI:89–99)],and lactate>7.65 mmol/L [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 96.6%(95%CI:87–99)].CONCLUSION:If venous blood gas analysis is made on pH,base excess,lactate and bicarbonate immediately one hour after the last epileptic seizure episode,it is possible to predict whether the patient will have seizure recurrence.

The clinical significance of detection of specific CK-20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood from patients with bladder carcinoma

Objective To determine the diagnostic significance of detecting the specific epithelial keratin CK-20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood from patients with bladder carcinomas. Methods Reverse transcription coupled with two-step polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) was used to detect CK-20 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood from patients with blodder carcinomas. Results Detection of CK-20 mRNA expression was positive in 37 of 91 patients with bladder carcinoma (41 % ). Among 20 patients with distant metastasis, 17 were positive (85 % ). CK-20 mRNA was not detectable in the blood samples from 25 normal individuals. The frequency of positive CK-20 mRNA expression was signficantly higher in those with distant metastasis. Conclusion The presence of CK-20 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be used as an early indicator of hematogenous metastasis of bladder carcinoma cells. 6 refs,1 tab.

Handgrip exercise elevates basilic venous hemodynamic parameters in healthy subjects

Purpose:This study examined the effect of handgrip exercise on hemodynamic indices to determine the most effective regimen for promoting blood circulation.Methods:Healthy individuals were divided into three treatment groups with each performing exercises using an electronic handgrip.Groups performed exercises to determine the most appropriate tap position,frequency,and duration.The hemodynamic indices were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Results:The best handgrip position was the weak tap position.Venous blood flow velocity and blood flow increased significantly with each exercise relative to the resting state(p<0.01).Venous blood flow velocity and blood flow peaked with handgrip exercise frequency of 25 times/min for 2 min(p<0.01).No significant differences were observed between sexes.Conclusion:Handgrip exercise is an effective method for improving blood circulation in the upper extremities.

Comparison of Capillary and Venous Glucose Concentrations:A Real-world Study in Patients Undergoing Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron Emission Tomography

Objective Fasting capillary blood glucose(CBG)must be measured before fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography(FDG-PET)imaging.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether a recently measured fasting venous blood glucose(VBG)concentration could be substituted for CBG.Methods This retrospective study included 520 of 1,378 patients who had undergone FDG-PET at our institution in June 2022.None of the study patients had a history of diabetes mellitus.Each study patient’s CBG was measured immediately before FDG administration,whereas the VBG(VBG<7.8 mmol/L)was measured within one week before and after PET imaging.We used Bland−Altman plots to compare the two blood glucose concentrations.Results The 520 participants(315 male,205 female;ages 13-87 years)accounted for 37.7%(520/1378)of all patients.The median CBG and VBG were 5.7 mmol/L(interquartile range,5.2-6.2 mmol/L)and 5.1 mmol/L(interquartile range,4.8-5.8 mmol/L),respectively.There was a moderate positive correlation between CBG and VBG(r=0.4370,95%CI:0.3625-0.5059,P<0.0001).Bland-Altman plots revealed that only 5.8%(30/520)of the dots exceeded the 95%limits of agreement and these were all within acceptable limits,indicating that the bias was not clinically significant.Conclusion When performing FDG-PET on patients without diabetes,a VBG of<7.8 mmol/L within the previous week may be an acceptable alternative to CBG.

Evaluation of PIMA Point-of-care CD4 Analyzer in Yunnan, China

Background： CD4 count is used to determine antiretroviral therapy （ART） eligibility. In China, flow cytometers are mostly located in urban areas with limited access by patients residing in remote areas. In an attempt to address this issue, we conducted a study to validate the performance ofAlere PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer. Methods： Venous and finger-prick blood specimens were collected from HIV-positive participants from two voluntary counseling and testing sites in Yunnan Province. Both venous and finger-prick blood specimens were tested with the PIMA analyzer. Venous blood specimens tested with the Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur were used as a reference. Results： Venous specimens from 396 and finger-prick specimens from 387 persons were available for analysis. CD4 counts by PIMA correlated well with those from FACSCalibur with an R2 of 0.91 for venous blood and 0.81 for finger-prick blood. Compared to FACSCalibur, the PIMA analyzer yielded lower counts with a mean bias of- 47.0 cells/μl （limit of agreement, [LOA]： -204-110 cells/μl） for venous blood and -71.0 cells/μl （LOA： -295-153 cells/μl） for finger-prick blood. For a CD4 threshold of 350 cells/μl, the positive predictive value （PPV） of PIMA was 84.2% and 75.7% and the negative predictive value （NPV） was 97.6% and 95.8% for venous and finger-prick blood, respectively. For an ART threshold of 500 cells/μl, the corresponding PPV was 90.3% and 84.0% and NPV was 94.3% and 93.4%, respectively. Conclusions： CD4 counting using venous blood with PIMA analyzers is a feasible alternative to a large flow cytometer to determine ART eligibility.