Ventricular septal rupture and partial left ventricular posterior wall tear resulted from blunt chest trauma

Cardiac contusion and valvular injuries are the most common cardiac injuries after a blunt traumatic chestinjury.1 But ventricular septal rupture （VSR） is a rare finding after a blunt chest wall trauma.2 Here we report a 16 years old young man with no medical history who sustained a chest wall injury after a bookshelf falling on his left chest. He was hospitalized because of his chest pain and heaviness. Initial physical examination showed parasternal Ⅲ-Ⅳ systolic murmur. ECG showed a complete right bundle branch conduction blockage.

Ventricular Septal Defect after Blunt Trauma in a Case of Preexisting Prosthetic Mitral Valve

We present a case of an isolated large ventricular septal defect (VSD) following blunt chest trauma in a motor vehicle accident in the patient with preexisting mechanical mitral valve. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large muscular VSD with significant left to right shunt along with septal edema. Surgical repair was performed in view of Qp:Qs of 2.5 with significant hemodynamic instability despite intra-aortic balloon pump. The ventricular septal defect was found in apical muscular portion of the interventricular septum, which was closed through left ventriculotomy. We here discuss the possible mechanisms of damage and importance of timely surgery. To conclude, minor looking external injury might contain devastating damage inside, especially with patients on anti-coagulant therapy.

Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect in patients with aortic valve prolapse and mild aortic regurgitation:feasibility and preliminary outcome

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of transcathcter closure of ventricular septal defect(VSD)in patients with aortic valve prolapse(AVP)and mild aortic regurgitation(AR).Methods:Between January 2008 and July 2014,transcatheter closure of VSD was attempted in 65 patients.Results:The total intermediate closure successful rate in all subjects was 96.9%.During the perioperative period,no death,major bleeding,pericardial tamponade,occluder dislodgement,residual shunt or hemolysis occurred.Two procedures had been forced to suspend due to significant aggregation of device related aortic regurgitation,three cases of transient complete left bundle branch block occurred but did not sustain.At 1-year followup,no patients had residual shunts and complications.Furthermore,grade of residual AR were relieved in 61.9%(39/63)cases and degree of AVP were ameliorated in 36.5%(23/63)patients;Conclusions:Transcatheter closure VSD in selected patients with AVP and mild AR is technically feasible and highly effective.Long term safety and efficacy needs to be assessed.

Restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left to right Shunt post urgent aortic balloon valvuloplasty and transcatheter aortic valve replacement

An 86-year-old male patient was admitted in our cardiology ward with signs of congestive biventricular heart failure. The patient presented with deteriorating dyspnea on mild exertion and at rest the last days, compatible with class NYHA Ⅲ-Ⅳ heart failure, bilateral peripheral oedema, increased NT-proBNP （9198 pg/mL）, mildly elevated Troponin （TnT 64 pg/mL）, interstitial pulmonary oedema and bilateral pleural effusions in chest X ray.

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC VALVE PROLAPSE IN CHINESE CHILDREN——A PROSPECTIVE ASCENDING AORTOGRAM STUDY OF 550 PATIENTS

From April 1985 to April 1991, ascending aortograms were peformed in 550consecutive children with I/SD. The locations of VSD were subpulmonary in 121,perimembranous in 420, and muscular in 9 cases. Seventy-eight cases (14.2%) were associ-ated with aortic valve prolapse (male 57,female 21), 38 without AR and 40 with AR,which occured in 54 (44.6%)subpulmonary VSD, 24 (5.7%) in perimembranous VSD.Most of the VSD with aortic prolapse were functionally small. Ascending aortogram andleft ventriculogram (RAO view) can demonstrate aortic prolapse.

Morphology and Function of the Aortic Valve after Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Valve Prolapse

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the morphology and function of the aortic valve after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect(VSD)with aortic valve prolapse(AVP)abased on clinical and radiological outcomes.Methods:From January 2013 to November 2014,164 consecutive patients(97 males,59.1%)with VSD and AVP were treated by transcatheter closure.The patients were divided into the mild AVP group(n=63),moderate AVP group(n=89)and severe AVP group(n=12).The clinical and radiological outcomes of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In total,146(89.0%)patients were successfully treated with VSD occluders,including 59/63(93.7%)with mild AVP,80/89(89.9%)with moderate AVP and 7/12(58.3%)with severe AVP.The degree of AVP was ameliorated or disappeared in 39(26.7%)patients,and remained unchanged in 103(70.5%)patients after the intervention.In the 35 patients who initially had trivial-to-moderate aortic regurgitation(AR),the degree of AR was ameliorated or disappeared in 25(71.4%)patients,aggravated from trivial to mild AR in 1(2.9%)patient,and remained unchanged in 9(25.7%)patients.In 111 patients without AR,1(0.9%)patient had mild AR and 24(21.6%)patients had trivial AR after intervention.The depth and width of the prolapsed aortic valve decreased after transcatheter closure of VSD in all three groups.During the 70-month(range,54–77)follow-up period,no patients with AVP and AR needed an aortic valve intervention.Conclusions:Transcatheter closure of VSD with AVP is feasible.The morphology and function of the prolapsed aortic valve improved and remained stable for a long period after intervention.

Outcomes of Transcatheter Closure in Outlet-Type Ventricular Septal Defect after 1 Year

Background:Ventricular septal defect(VSD)is the most common congenital heart disease.Transcatheter VSD closure is an effective treatment for patients with muscular and perimembranous VSD.However,there is a limit data for outlet VSD,especially impact to the aortic valve leaflet after transcatheter closure.This study aims to assess the outcomes of transcatheter closure of the outlet-type ventricular septal defect(OVSD)after 1 postoperative year.Methods:A retrospective study was performed including 50 patients who underwent transcatheter(n=25)and surgical(n=25)OVSD closure during the exact time frame at two medical centres.Results:The median age and body weight of patients in the transcatheter group were significantly higher than those of patients in the surgical group(7.0 vs.2.8 years;27.0 vs.11.4 kg;p<0.01).The defect size in the surgical group was significantly larger than that in the transcatheter group(5.0 vs.3.0 mm;p<0.01).All OVSD patients have successful transcatheter closure(100%)as effective as surgical closure.Less than small residual shunt was present 20%and 8%immediately after the procedure in the transcatheter and surgical groups(p=0.50),which decreased to 12%and 4%at the 1-year follow-up(p=0.61),respectively.No incidence of complete atrioventricular block and other complications was observed in both groups,and no significant differences were noted in the new onset or worsening of the aortic regurgitation in both groups(p=1.0).Conclusions:Transcatheter treatment could be effectively and safely achieved for OVSD closure at 1-year follow-up.

Delayed papillary muscle rupture after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A case report

BACKGROUND With an increased number of surgical procedures involving the mitral annular region,the risk of mitral valve prolapse(MVP)has also increased.Previous studies have reported that worsening of MVP occurred early after radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)at papillary muscles in ventricular tachycardia(VT)patients with preoperative MVP.CASE SUMMARY We report a case where MVP and papillary muscle rupture occurred 2 wk after RFCA in a papillary muscle originated VT patient without mitral valve regurgitation or prolapse before.The patient then underwent mitral valve replacement with no premature ventricular contraction or VT.During the surgery,a papillary muscle rupture was identified.Pathological examination showed necrosis of the papillary muscle.The patient recovered after mitral valve replacement.CONCLUSION Too many ablation procedures and energy should be avoided.

超声分层应变技术评价二尖瓣脱垂伴中-重度反流患者的左心室收缩功能

目的:应用超声分层应变技术评价二尖瓣脱垂伴中-重度反流患者左心室心肌收缩功能。方法:收集2021年9月—2022年12月于宜昌市中心人民医院确诊的二尖瓣脱垂伴中-重度反流患者作为研究组(n=30),纳入同期健康体检者作为对照组(n=30)。分析两组患者超声应变参数,包括整体纵向应变(GLS)、峰值收缩离散度(PSD)、左心室心内膜下心肌GLS(GLSendo)、左心室中层心肌GLS(GLSmid)、左心室心外膜下心肌GLS(GLSepi)及各层心肌纵向应变值(LS)等,计算心肌跨壁应变梯度(ΔGLS),比较两组各参数的差异及各参数间的相关性。采用ROC曲线分析左心室分层应变参数评估二尖瓣脱垂伴中-重度反流患者左心室收缩功能的效能。结果:研究组患者的收缩压、左心房收缩末期内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)及每搏量(SV)均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患者的|GLS|、|GLSendo|、|GLSmid|、|GLSepi|、ΔGLS及各节段|LS|均显著减低(均P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,研究组患者LAD、LVDd与GLS、GLSendo、GLSmid及GLSepi呈负相关。ROC曲线显示,超声分层应变参数中,GLSendo(AUC=0.869)、GLSmid(AUC=0.801)、GLSepi(AUC=0.781)评价二尖瓣脱垂伴中-重度反流患者左心室收缩功能具有较高诊断效能(均P<0.05)。结论:超声分层应变技术可评估二尖瓣脱垂伴中-重度反流患者左心室及各层心肌受累程度,反映左心室收缩功能变化。

缺损上缘距主动脉瓣≤2 mm室间隔缺损经胸封堵治疗有效性观察

目的观察超声引导下经胸微创封堵治疗小儿缺损上缘距主动脉瓣≤2 mm膜周部室间隔缺损的有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年3月-2023年8月安徽省儿童医院收治的110例缺损上缘距主动脉瓣≤2 mm膜周部室间隔缺损的患儿,根据手术方式分为外科组(n=61)和封堵组(n=49)。外科组施行传统体外循环下修补手术治疗,封堵组给予超声引导下经胸微创封堵治疗。记录两组的手术时间、呼吸机辅助时间、重症监护治疗时间、手术总出血量、术后住院时间、围术期并发症及术后6个月超声心动图参数。结果封堵组患儿的手术时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后住院天数均短于外科组[61.8(49.8,77.4)min比140.0(130.0,160.0)min、100.0(67.5,120.0)min比210.0(175.0,240.0)min、4.0(3.0,5.0)d比6.0(6.0,6.0)d,均P<0.05];封堵组手术中位总出血量少于外科组[0.0(0.0,62.5)ml比115.0(90.0,140.0)ml,P<0.05];术后两组并发症发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);术后6个月与治疗前相比,两组患儿左心室舒张末径均下降(P<0.05),两组心律失常发生率,封堵组0%,外科组6.6%,无显著差异(P>0.05),封堵组新发瓣膜反流发生率大于外科组(8.2%比0%,P<0.05)。结论超声引导经胸封堵治疗缺损上缘距主动脉瓣≤2 mm膜周部室间隔缺损的患儿,对于不合并主动脉瓣反流的病例,疗效满意,是一种安全、可行的术式。

房室间隔缺损二尖瓣反流的手术治疗

目的总结先天性心脏病房室间隔缺损二尖瓣关闭不全的二尖瓣成形手术方法和临床效果。方法84例房室间隔缺损患者中,完全性房室间隔缺损9例、过度性房室间隔缺损21例、部分性房室间隔缺损54例。二尖瓣关闭不全的主要病理改变为瓣叶裂隙84例、瓣环扩大41例。二尖瓣成形方法为瓣叶裂隙缝合78例、交界环缩26例、瓣环环缩7例、双孔法2例等。术中左心室注水观察、评价成形后二尖瓣反流程度,脱离体外循环后食管超声心动图观察成形结果。结果全组死亡1例,1例因术后血尿行二尖瓣置换术。术后门诊随访,二尖瓣反流0￣Ⅰ级反流58例,Ⅱ级11例;术后随访,左心房、左心室缩小,与术前比较差别有统计学意义。结论房室间隔缺损二尖瓣关闭不全除瓣叶裂隙需要缝合外,还要矫正扩大的瓣环,术中注水试验和食管超声能为判断手术效果提供帮助。

二尖瓣置换术后左心室破裂

目的 :总结分析二尖瓣置换术后左心室破裂的经验教训。 方法 :1 995年～ 2 0 0 1年间我院共有 9例二尖瓣置换术后发生左心室破裂的患者 ,占同期二尖瓣置换术的 0 2 3%。其中早期破裂 2例 ,延迟性破裂 7例。修补方法 :单纯心外缝合 1例 ,心内心外同时修补 7例 ,未行修补 1例。 结果 :死亡 6例 ;存活 3例 (平均随访 4年 ) ;其中 2例为左心室早期破裂 (术后 1小时内 ) ;1例为术后 2小时破裂。 结论 :快速建立体外循环是抢救左心室破裂的关键。

27例二尖瓣置换术后左心室后壁破裂的临床分析研究

目的:总结二尖瓣置换术后左心室后壁破裂的防治原则。方法:回顾分析北京安贞医院自2001年9月至2012年12月间,共实施二尖瓣人工瓣替换术7 495例,其间发生左心室后壁破裂27例。其中早期破裂6例,延迟破裂21例。同期行主动脉人工瓣替换8例,三尖瓣成形13例,冠状动脉旁路移植术1例,心房颤动射频消融术10例。结果:左心室后壁破裂发生率为0.36%,体外循环下修补与非体外循环下修补相比具有较高的止血成功率(8/16,50%vs.1/11,9.1%,P=0.042)。1例早期破裂患者在体外循环下经心室内修补存活,26例患者院内死亡。全组病死率96.3%。18例死亡原因为修补失败,8例患者死于其它并发症。结论:左心室后壁破裂是高致死性并发症,治疗难度大,效果差,应针对导致该并发症发生的危险因素采取主动预防措施,科学显露二尖瓣、保留二尖瓣后叶及腱索行之有效。体外循环下经左心室内部修补的方法有一定优势。

二尖瓣置换术中术后左心室后壁破裂的影响因素

目的:分析二尖瓣置换(MVR)术中术后左心室后壁破裂的影响因素。方法:收集接受MVR的520例患者的资料,其中10例发生左心室后壁破裂。采用Poisson回归筛选MVR术中术后左心室后壁破裂的影响因素。结果:520例中,3例于术中、7例于术后发生左心室后壁破裂,发生率为1.92%(10/520);1例术中发生早期破裂,经体外循环心室内修补存活;另9例均于院内死亡。Poisson回归分析结果显示,年龄、贫血、瓣膜假体选择不当、风湿性心脏病史、NYHA心功能分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、LVEF<50%、LVEDD>80 mm、左室后壁厚度≥10 mm为MVR术中术后发生左心室后壁破裂的危险因素,IRR(95%CI)分别为1.234(1.038~1.466)、1.514(1.019~2.250)、1.412(1.138~1.752)、2.192(1.348~3.565)、1.508(1.225~1.857)、1.477(1.212~1.800)、1.322(1.164~1.501)、1.565(1.023~2.395);而体外循环时间<140 min、不使用正性肌力药物为保护因素,IRR(95%CI)分别为0.667(0.529~0.841)、0.662(0.516~0.850)。结论:MVR术前应进行风险评估,选择合适瓣膜假体,并调整患者心功能至最佳状态后手术。

中老年二尖瓣脱垂和腱索断裂患者的超声心动图分析

目的:比较中老年二尖瓣脱垂和二尖瓣腱索断裂患者的超声心动图像。方法:通过超声心动图检查对54例中老年二尖瓣脱垂和二尖瓣腱索断裂患者的心脏结构和功能进行分析。结果:二尖瓣脱垂组中性别无明显差异,前后叶无明显差异,二尖瓣返流以中度为主(73.1%);二尖瓣腱索断裂组中,男性(67.9%)多于女性(32.1%),腱索断裂后叶(60.7%)多于前叶(39.3%),二尖瓣返流以中重度为主(92.9%);心脏结构改变腱索断裂组重于脱垂组。结论:中老年患者二尖瓣脱垂和腱索断裂的超声心动图具有明显的特征性。

伴室间隔缺损的主动脉窦瘤破裂患者主动脉瓣反流外科技术探讨

目的:回顾性总结伴室间隔缺损的主动脉窦瘤破裂(RSVA)的手术治疗,对术前主动脉瓣反流(AR)及术后中期随访AR加重的危险因素进行分析。方法:全组94例患者,RSVA起源于右冠窦瘤91例,破入右心室流出道85例。所有患者均限期内行根治手术,术中行主动脉瓣置换(AVR)24例,补片修补破口基底部63例,直接缝合破口7例。结果:手术无死亡,术后晚期死亡1例系AVR患者。术前61例合并AR,经Logistic回归分析,主动脉瓣继发性改变和室缺直径为术前并发AR的危险因素。术后中期随访56例患者,9例AR加重,单因素分析显示术后合并AR者中期随访AR加重的比率显著高于未合并AR者。结论:早发现、早手术是避免术前AR的有效方法;RSVA术后合并有AR患者应密切随访。

室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂超声心动图诊断分析

目的:探讨室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂超声心动图表现。方法:12例室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂患儿分别用二维和彩色多普勒超声观察室间隔缺损部位、大小和主动脉瓣脱垂情况,分析两者关系。结果:12例室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂均为右冠瓣脱垂,干下型室间隔缺损占了5%(9/12),超声诊断准确率92.3%。结论:超声心动图对室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂的诊断具有重要价值。

62例室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣脱垂的外科治疗

目的 总结室间隔缺损（VSD）合并主动脉瓣脱垂的外科治疗经验.方法 2001年1月至2010年12月间,我院收治62例VSD合并主动脉瓣脱垂患者,行单纯VSD心内修复术31例、主动脉瓣置换术（AVR）29例、主动脉瓣成形术（AVP）11例.结果 术后早期死亡2例,1例VSD修补和AVR患者术后3 d因室性心律失常死亡;1例15岁患者,7年前在外院行VSD修复和AVP,复查超声心动图示主动脉瓣重度关闭不全、巨大左心室,再次行AVR,术后1周因心衰死亡.余60例均存活.术后门诊随访,随访时间6个月至10年,共55例,随访率91.7 %.心功能Ⅰ级50例、Ⅱ级5例,均能从事正常生活及学习.1例单纯VSD修复患者出现VSD残余漏,术后1年复查超声心动图示主动脉瓣中度关闭不全,行AVR,目前已治愈.11例AVP患者中,轻度关闭不全8例（2例为肺动脉瓣下VSD,6例为围膜部VSD）;轻-中度关闭不全2例（均为围膜部VSD）;中度关闭不全1例（围膜部VSD）,于术后5年行AVR后治愈.行全迷宫双极射频消融术治疗心房颤动1例,患者心律转为窦性心律.结论 根据主动脉瓣脱垂的程度,合理处理VSD及主动脉瓣病变,可取得满意的疗效.

组织多普勒超声显像对严重器质性二尖瓣反流引起左心室功能不全及扩张的评价和预测

目的应用组织多普勒超声显像(TDI)对严重器质性二尖瓣反流引起的左心室扩张和功能衰竭进行评价,并探讨其对左心室代偿失调的预测作用。方法入选中等程度以上(>Ⅲ级)的器质性二尖瓣反流患者148例,年龄52±18岁,患者左心室射血分数均在正常范围(≥55%)。所有患者行基线和随访常规超声心动图、TDI检查(其间相隔650±362d),比较前后两次检查时的心脏大小及心功能指标变化。所有患者按随访检查左心室收缩末期容积是否超过基线的20%分为左心室扩张组和左心室未扩张组,比较两组间患者基线水平的左心室功能,并判定左心室扩张的预测因子。结果患者随访检查经体表面积纠正后的左心室收缩末期容积、舒张末期容积、左心房容积(分别为20±6ml/m2、55±13ml/m2、42±11ml/m2)较基线检查(分别为17±5ml/m2、49±12ml/m2、36±14ml/m2)显著增加(P<0.01);二尖瓣血流E峰与TDI左心室二尖瓣瓣环(侧壁?室间隔)的早期舒张速度E′峰的比值E/E′也显著增加;随访检查时E′则显著减低。两次检查左心室射血分数?左心房射血分数、TDI二尖瓣瓣环收缩速度(S′)及舒张晚期速度(A′)基本相同。40例(27%)患者左心室有显著性扩张,较之左心室未扩张组基线TDIS′及A′值更低,左心室射血分数更低。多因素分析证实,基线A′是左心室扩张与否的独立预测因子(P<0.01),受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)下面积为0.78(95%CI:0.70～0.86)。A′<11.0cm/s预测随后左心室显著扩张的特异性为90%,敏感性为64%。结论慢性严重的器质性二尖瓣反流,反流量不断增加的同时,左心室和左心房的重塑也在不断进展。TDI检查A′降低可以预测左心室的扩张。

56例干下型室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的总结讨论干下型室间隔缺损的手术治疗要点和方法。方法回顾分析1990年1月至2010年3月我院手术治疗干下型室间隔缺损56例的临床资料。结果全组病例无死亡,手术治疗效果满意,随访6个月~10年,复查心脏彩超缺损无残余分流及主动脉瓣关闭不全。结论干下型室间隔缺损容易引起主动脉瓣脱垂及关闭不全,甚至导致肺动脉高压,应该尽早手术治疗,对于成形效果欠佳及主动脉瓣重度关闭不全的患者,宜采用主动脉瓣置换术。