Among the different parts of speech in each language,verbs are usually the most complicated and difficult to understand and master.This paper attempts to classify and analyze English verbs from a semantic perspective,...Among the different parts of speech in each language,verbs are usually the most complicated and difficult to understand and master.This paper attempts to classify and analyze English verbs from a semantic perspective,esp.to have a semantic analysis of the grammatical concept of the progressive aspect of English verbs,so as to raise students’awareness of the relationship between semantics and grammar,and thus to help students have a deeper understanding and mastery of the grammatical rules in future English teaching.展开更多
Verbs of creation in English and Chinese demonstrate asymmetries in its projection to double-object construction. But underling the projection process there is a uniform operation mechanism, namely that the configurat...Verbs of creation in English and Chinese demonstrate asymmetries in its projection to double-object construction. But underling the projection process there is a uniform operation mechanism, namely that the configuration is affected by the interaction between the Meaning Assignment Principle （MAP）, the Distance Principle of Iconicity （DPI） and the Lexical Feature Constraints （LFC）, among which MAP and DPI are inviolable due to its cross-linguistic universality. Once LFC is violated, there must be compensation on the part of DPI, otherwise, the verb of creation in question would be unacceptable to double-object construction.展开更多
Chinese learning surges in Rwanda as economic ties with China strengthen.In the full classroom of Rwanda’s Confucius Institute at the University of Rwanda,Remera campus,the echoes of“ni hao,”“xièxiè”and...Chinese learning surges in Rwanda as economic ties with China strengthen.In the full classroom of Rwanda’s Confucius Institute at the University of Rwanda,Remera campus,the echoes of“ni hao,”“xièxiè”and“nǐjiào shénme míngzì?”reverberate alongside the scribbling of Chinese characters on chalkboards.The rise of Chinese learning in Rwanda underscores a flourishing trend fuelled by economic opportunities and cross-cultural exchanges between Rwanda and China.展开更多
Through classifying modal verbs from the semantic aspect and the pragmatic aspect, this paper discusses difficulties that students may encounter in modal verb learning. It indicates that modal verbs have complicacy, a...Through classifying modal verbs from the semantic aspect and the pragmatic aspect, this paper discusses difficulties that students may encounter in modal verb learning. It indicates that modal verbs have complicacy, and a deductive approach and inductive approach should intermingle as an appropriate method to improve students' accuracy in use of modal verbs.展开更多
This study attempts to examine the colligational use of the high-frequency verbs DO, HAVE and BE in Chinese EFL learners'written production in the CIA (Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis) approach. Findings of the...This study attempts to examine the colligational use of the high-frequency verbs DO, HAVE and BE in Chinese EFL learners'written production in the CIA (Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis) approach. Findings of the study indicate that: Chinese learners use a much smaller variety of colligational patterns, they tend to underuse the inflected forms of these verbs in their colligations and they tend to use pronouns as the subject of these verbs. Though at advanced level, they still have difficulty with grammar in terms of tense, aspect and voice. The influence of L1 transfer, the learners'spoken style in writing, the classroom teaching and the learners'use of the avoidance strategy are thought to be the major reasons. The findings in this study may have some light to shed on the EFL teaching and research in China.展开更多
Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners...Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners under-use copular verbs; 2) Chinese college English learners select a limited variety of copular verbs; 3) Types of complement after most copular verbs used by Chinese college English learners lack variety; 4) Chinese college English learners use less various and more simpler complements than native speakers.展开更多
This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing mod...This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing model. Firstly,the scheme of verb subdivision is described. Secondly,a maximum entropy model is presented to distinguish verb subclasses. Finally,a statistical parser is developed to evaluate the verb subdivision. Experimental results indicate that the use of verb subclasses has a good influence on parsing performance.展开更多
The synthetic defining style, a predominant way used to define verbs in many dictionaries, is the main factor that makes dictionary definitions vague and incomplete. The present paper argues that instead of the synthe...The synthetic defining style, a predominant way used to define verbs in many dictionaries, is the main factor that makes dictionary definitions vague and incomplete. The present paper argues that instead of the synthetic defining mode, an analytical meaning-explaining way should be used in dictionaries designed for SLA learners. The analytical meanings of verbs are viewed as mini-narratives and form event schemata comprised of three sub-schemata, namely, participant schema, action schema and scenario schema. The three sub-schemata should be clearly fore-grounded in verbs＇ definitions in learners＇ dictionaries.展开更多
This paper is a generic study of schematic structures and the use of modal verbs of 50 English Research Article （RA） abstracts. With Bhatia＇s （1990） model as the framework, three other move patterns were obtained...This paper is a generic study of schematic structures and the use of modal verbs of 50 English Research Article （RA） abstracts. With Bhatia＇s （1990） model as the framework, three other move patterns were obtained besides the normal move order. The density of modal verbs varies greatly from move to move with significant differences in the frequency of occurrence in different moves. The use of modal verbs is much more move-determined than discipline-determined.展开更多
In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explor...In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explores the motivations of this language phenomenon,and points out that verbs converted from animal nouns can help enrich the vocabulary,make the expression vivid and concise,and achieve certain pragmatic effects as well.Second,it studies the mechanisms of the conversion by analyzing the mapping process and similarities between two domains.Last it points out the importance of the context and the geographic factor in understanding verbs converted from animal nouns.展开更多
Through English and Chinese Modals with adverbs, Continuous modal verbs such as a comparative analysis between the two languages inspection Modals different grammatical function comparison.
It is found in the study that there is a big difference concerning the overall frequency of Do with Hong Kong students using much more DO in their writings than native speakers.Besides,Hong Kong university students te...It is found in the study that there is a big difference concerning the overall frequency of Do with Hong Kong students using much more DO in their writings than native speakers.Besides,Hong Kong university students tend to overuse the verbal operator DO,which is contrary to Qi Yan's study(2006).At the same time,they also misuse Do;When Do is used as de-lexical verb,Hong Kong students share the same characteristics with the study of Fu zhuqin(2006),that is,they allow more freedom to collocate with more Nouns,some of which are inappropriate collocates in native English.The potential reasons for these problems might be illustrated as overgeneralization,mother-tongue interference,and lack of vocabulary etc.Based on the findings,the paper presents two pedagogical implications about vocabulary teaching and learning:the content of vocabulary teaching should be extended and enriched,and the corpus-based vocabulary teaching methodology should be integrated into class practices.展开更多
Verb movement is a kind of important phenomenon in English syntax,and involves many forms.This paper is to analyze the verb movement phenomenon in early modern English and have a try of summarizing its rules.
The article gives a brief review on Hinkel's study "The Use of Modal Verbs as a Reflection of Cultural Values",aiming at improving language teacher's awareness that culture can influence language lea...The article gives a brief review on Hinkel's study "The Use of Modal Verbs as a Reflection of Cultural Values",aiming at improving language teacher's awareness that culture can influence language learners' use of modals.At the same time,by pointing out the weakness of Hinkel's study,the author suggests that the mere acquisition of linguistic competence is insufficient and teachers should integrate current research findings into their transmission of knowledge to learners.展开更多
Empty categories,which lack phonological form and hence are not visible in the phonetic representation of the sentence,have both syntactic and semantic properties.Null subjects PRO and pro are base-generated empty cat...Empty categories,which lack phonological form and hence are not visible in the phonetic representation of the sentence,have both syntactic and semantic properties.Null subjects PRO and pro are base-generated empty categories.This thesis,based on Chomsky's theory about empty categories and research achievements made by Chinese scholars,attempts to analyze the liandong(Serial Verb) construction from Figure and Ground perspective.展开更多
It is widely known that a finite verb phrase(fVP)of a clause in English consists of three components:tense,aspect and voice.While the two tenses,present and past,and the two voices,active and passive,are recognized an...It is widely known that a finite verb phrase(fVP)of a clause in English consists of three components:tense,aspect and voice.While the two tenses,present and past,and the two voices,active and passive,are recognized and generally agreed,the number and constituents of aspects may not be so simple and they are open to dispute.This paper proposes that a new aspect,the“modal”aspect,be included in addition to the commonly recognized ones,namely“simple”,“perfect”and“continuous”(also known as“progressive”).With the inclusion of the“modal”aspect,there are four single aspects:“simple”,“modal”,“perfect”and“continuous”.They can be combined to form multiple aspects according to the aforesaid sequence.The“modal”aspect is realized with a modal verb(any ofthe modal verbs will/would,shall/should,can/could,may/might,must,ought to,used to and the two semi-modals,“need”and“dare”in interrogative and negative structures).Whenever a modal verb is used,the verb phrase is in the modal aspect.The modal verb to be used is for the interlocutor to decide and falls beyond this discussion,which focuses on the structure of the fVP of the English language.The two tenses,eight aspects and two voices(active and passive)make up the 32 TAVs(an acronym formed with“Tense”,“Aspect”and“Voice”)of the English fVP.The“discovery”of the“modal”aspect and its incorporation in the aspect system of English might have a significant impact on the learning of English for non-native speakers as they would have a clearer and more precise concept about the“TAVs”of the English fVP.展开更多
The paper aims at investigating the encoding of self-propelled motion events in Homeric Greek in the light of the typology of motion events,taking into account the case of to go.The verbal class of the self-propelled ...The paper aims at investigating the encoding of self-propelled motion events in Homeric Greek in the light of the typology of motion events,taking into account the case of to go.The verbal class of the self-propelled motion refers to those verbs expressing the idea of a simple translational motion,such as to go,to move,without any information about the manner of motion(see,by contrast,the class of the manner-of-motion verbs,such as to run,to swim)or about the path of motion(see,by contrast,the class of the path verbs,such as to enter,to exit).According to Talmy(2000),world languages can be distinguished depending on whether they prototypically express the semantic component of Path in or outside the motion verb.Languages belonging to the S(atellite)-Framed type tend to convey Path outside the motion verb,in a satellite element,such as a particle,an adposition(adpositional phrase),a preverb,an adverb(ial),a nominal case marker.The prototypical encoding pattern of the S-Framed languages,such as Homeric Greek,involves a motion verb conveying Manner and a satellite conveying Path,i.e.,[manner-of-motion verb+Path-satellite].Nonetheless,another pattern is used by this type of languages,albeit less prototypical,which involves a motion verb conveying only Motion and a satellite conveying Path,i.e.,[self-propelled motion verb+Path-satellite].Verb-inherent actionality,namely telicity,turns out to be a strong feature within the ancient Indo-European languages,such as Homeric Greek,playing a role not only in the development of aspectual/tense morphology,but also in the encoding of motion events,at least with reference to manner-of-motion verbs.The present paper aims at verifying the role of inherent telicity within self-propelled motion verbs,through the analysis of Homeric verbs for go.The study takes into account the Homeric suppletive paradigm for go,focusing on ερχομαι“go;come”and ηλθον(aorist)“go;come”(also with reference to the unclear actional opposition between ερχομαι and ειμι“go;come”).From the textual analysis of all the occurrences of both ερχομαι and ηλθον,as well as their co-occurring Path-encoding elements in the Iliad and the Odyssey,data show to what extent verbal inherent telicity plays an important role in motion event encoding also within the class of self-propelled motion verbs.展开更多
In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity,which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person.Howe...In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity,which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person.However,sometimes the subjective person is expressed by the sign of the objective person or vice versa,which is called inversion in Georgian language.There are many options about the reason of inversion.Bipersonal static verbs are considered as the oldest verbs as believed by many scientists.These are the verbs of feeling and owning;they are inverse,bipersonal and hold the dative construction.We think that inversion cannot be only explained with the static character.There are the verbs,which are not static but are inverse.We believe that it must be one and the same aspect in every case:perfect semantics.In Indo-European languages,the verbs of the perfect semantics have been converted from the class of the lexical words into the grammar perfect.When the Georgian language encountered the need to express the perfect forms respective to Indo-European languages,thus,the third series has been generated and it used the form as the model,belonging to the verbs of bipersonal non-transitional“perfect semantics”in present.This form has been supplemented by preverb and has become dynamic and gradually acquired various semantic nuances characterizing the perfect tense:resultativity,will,evidentiality,interrogative and negative,etc.In our opinion such verbs are not the continuation of the I and II series;they are the standalone link of the verb system,namely the perfect group characterized with the dative construction,which is inverse and always bipersonal.展开更多
文摘Among the different parts of speech in each language,verbs are usually the most complicated and difficult to understand and master.This paper attempts to classify and analyze English verbs from a semantic perspective,esp.to have a semantic analysis of the grammatical concept of the progressive aspect of English verbs,so as to raise students’awareness of the relationship between semantics and grammar,and thus to help students have a deeper understanding and mastery of the grammatical rules in future English teaching.
文摘Verbs of creation in English and Chinese demonstrate asymmetries in its projection to double-object construction. But underling the projection process there is a uniform operation mechanism, namely that the configuration is affected by the interaction between the Meaning Assignment Principle （MAP）, the Distance Principle of Iconicity （DPI） and the Lexical Feature Constraints （LFC）, among which MAP and DPI are inviolable due to its cross-linguistic universality. Once LFC is violated, there must be compensation on the part of DPI, otherwise, the verb of creation in question would be unacceptable to double-object construction.
文摘Chinese learning surges in Rwanda as economic ties with China strengthen.In the full classroom of Rwanda’s Confucius Institute at the University of Rwanda,Remera campus,the echoes of“ni hao,”“xièxiè”and“nǐjiào shénme míngzì?”reverberate alongside the scribbling of Chinese characters on chalkboards.The rise of Chinese learning in Rwanda underscores a flourishing trend fuelled by economic opportunities and cross-cultural exchanges between Rwanda and China.
文摘Through classifying modal verbs from the semantic aspect and the pragmatic aspect, this paper discusses difficulties that students may encounter in modal verb learning. It indicates that modal verbs have complicacy, and a deductive approach and inductive approach should intermingle as an appropriate method to improve students' accuracy in use of modal verbs.
文摘This study attempts to examine the colligational use of the high-frequency verbs DO, HAVE and BE in Chinese EFL learners'written production in the CIA (Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis) approach. Findings of the study indicate that: Chinese learners use a much smaller variety of colligational patterns, they tend to underuse the inflected forms of these verbs in their colligations and they tend to use pronouns as the subject of these verbs. Though at advanced level, they still have difficulty with grammar in terms of tense, aspect and voice. The influence of L1 transfer, the learners'spoken style in writing, the classroom teaching and the learners'use of the avoidance strategy are thought to be the major reasons. The findings in this study may have some light to shed on the EFL teaching and research in China.
文摘Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners under-use copular verbs; 2) Chinese college English learners select a limited variety of copular verbs; 3) Types of complement after most copular verbs used by Chinese college English learners lack variety; 4) Chinese college English learners use less various and more simpler complements than native speakers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60435020, 60575042 and 60503072).
文摘This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing model. Firstly,the scheme of verb subdivision is described. Secondly,a maximum entropy model is presented to distinguish verb subclasses. Finally,a statistical parser is developed to evaluate the verb subdivision. Experimental results indicate that the use of verb subclasses has a good influence on parsing performance.
文摘The synthetic defining style, a predominant way used to define verbs in many dictionaries, is the main factor that makes dictionary definitions vague and incomplete. The present paper argues that instead of the synthetic defining mode, an analytical meaning-explaining way should be used in dictionaries designed for SLA learners. The analytical meanings of verbs are viewed as mini-narratives and form event schemata comprised of three sub-schemata, namely, participant schema, action schema and scenario schema. The three sub-schemata should be clearly fore-grounded in verbs＇ definitions in learners＇ dictionaries.
文摘This paper is a generic study of schematic structures and the use of modal verbs of 50 English Research Article （RA） abstracts. With Bhatia＇s （1990） model as the framework, three other move patterns were obtained besides the normal move order. The density of modal verbs varies greatly from move to move with significant differences in the frequency of occurrence in different moves. The use of modal verbs is much more move-determined than discipline-determined.
文摘20世纪60年代,美国黑人在马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King,1928—1968)的领导下掀起了大规模的反种族隔离运动。这场运动在英语语言里留下了永久的痕迹。美国黑人采用了非暴力的方式,在室内举行静坐抗议,英语中称之为 sit-in。sit-in一词通常作为名词来使用。如:The unem-ployed workers will stage a 48-hour sit-in next week.
文摘In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explores the motivations of this language phenomenon,and points out that verbs converted from animal nouns can help enrich the vocabulary,make the expression vivid and concise,and achieve certain pragmatic effects as well.Second,it studies the mechanisms of the conversion by analyzing the mapping process and similarities between two domains.Last it points out the importance of the context and the geographic factor in understanding verbs converted from animal nouns.
文摘Through English and Chinese Modals with adverbs, Continuous modal verbs such as a comparative analysis between the two languages inspection Modals different grammatical function comparison.
文摘It is found in the study that there is a big difference concerning the overall frequency of Do with Hong Kong students using much more DO in their writings than native speakers.Besides,Hong Kong university students tend to overuse the verbal operator DO,which is contrary to Qi Yan's study(2006).At the same time,they also misuse Do;When Do is used as de-lexical verb,Hong Kong students share the same characteristics with the study of Fu zhuqin(2006),that is,they allow more freedom to collocate with more Nouns,some of which are inappropriate collocates in native English.The potential reasons for these problems might be illustrated as overgeneralization,mother-tongue interference,and lack of vocabulary etc.Based on the findings,the paper presents two pedagogical implications about vocabulary teaching and learning:the content of vocabulary teaching should be extended and enriched,and the corpus-based vocabulary teaching methodology should be integrated into class practices.
文摘Verb movement is a kind of important phenomenon in English syntax,and involves many forms.This paper is to analyze the verb movement phenomenon in early modern English and have a try of summarizing its rules.
文摘The article gives a brief review on Hinkel's study "The Use of Modal Verbs as a Reflection of Cultural Values",aiming at improving language teacher's awareness that culture can influence language learners' use of modals.At the same time,by pointing out the weakness of Hinkel's study,the author suggests that the mere acquisition of linguistic competence is insufficient and teachers should integrate current research findings into their transmission of knowledge to learners.
文摘Empty categories,which lack phonological form and hence are not visible in the phonetic representation of the sentence,have both syntactic and semantic properties.Null subjects PRO and pro are base-generated empty categories.This thesis,based on Chomsky's theory about empty categories and research achievements made by Chinese scholars,attempts to analyze the liandong(Serial Verb) construction from Figure and Ground perspective.
文摘Through English and Chinese modal verb form of a denial, study English and Chinese languages internal Modals different grammatical form their sense of
文摘It is widely known that a finite verb phrase(fVP)of a clause in English consists of three components:tense,aspect and voice.While the two tenses,present and past,and the two voices,active and passive,are recognized and generally agreed,the number and constituents of aspects may not be so simple and they are open to dispute.This paper proposes that a new aspect,the“modal”aspect,be included in addition to the commonly recognized ones,namely“simple”,“perfect”and“continuous”(also known as“progressive”).With the inclusion of the“modal”aspect,there are four single aspects:“simple”,“modal”,“perfect”and“continuous”.They can be combined to form multiple aspects according to the aforesaid sequence.The“modal”aspect is realized with a modal verb(any ofthe modal verbs will/would,shall/should,can/could,may/might,must,ought to,used to and the two semi-modals,“need”and“dare”in interrogative and negative structures).Whenever a modal verb is used,the verb phrase is in the modal aspect.The modal verb to be used is for the interlocutor to decide and falls beyond this discussion,which focuses on the structure of the fVP of the English language.The two tenses,eight aspects and two voices(active and passive)make up the 32 TAVs(an acronym formed with“Tense”,“Aspect”and“Voice”)of the English fVP.The“discovery”of the“modal”aspect and its incorporation in the aspect system of English might have a significant impact on the learning of English for non-native speakers as they would have a clearer and more precise concept about the“TAVs”of the English fVP.
文摘The paper aims at investigating the encoding of self-propelled motion events in Homeric Greek in the light of the typology of motion events,taking into account the case of to go.The verbal class of the self-propelled motion refers to those verbs expressing the idea of a simple translational motion,such as to go,to move,without any information about the manner of motion(see,by contrast,the class of the manner-of-motion verbs,such as to run,to swim)or about the path of motion(see,by contrast,the class of the path verbs,such as to enter,to exit).According to Talmy(2000),world languages can be distinguished depending on whether they prototypically express the semantic component of Path in or outside the motion verb.Languages belonging to the S(atellite)-Framed type tend to convey Path outside the motion verb,in a satellite element,such as a particle,an adposition(adpositional phrase),a preverb,an adverb(ial),a nominal case marker.The prototypical encoding pattern of the S-Framed languages,such as Homeric Greek,involves a motion verb conveying Manner and a satellite conveying Path,i.e.,[manner-of-motion verb+Path-satellite].Nonetheless,another pattern is used by this type of languages,albeit less prototypical,which involves a motion verb conveying only Motion and a satellite conveying Path,i.e.,[self-propelled motion verb+Path-satellite].Verb-inherent actionality,namely telicity,turns out to be a strong feature within the ancient Indo-European languages,such as Homeric Greek,playing a role not only in the development of aspectual/tense morphology,but also in the encoding of motion events,at least with reference to manner-of-motion verbs.The present paper aims at verifying the role of inherent telicity within self-propelled motion verbs,through the analysis of Homeric verbs for go.The study takes into account the Homeric suppletive paradigm for go,focusing on ερχομαι“go;come”and ηλθον(aorist)“go;come”(also with reference to the unclear actional opposition between ερχομαι and ειμι“go;come”).From the textual analysis of all the occurrences of both ερχομαι and ηλθον,as well as their co-occurring Path-encoding elements in the Iliad and the Odyssey,data show to what extent verbal inherent telicity plays an important role in motion event encoding also within the class of self-propelled motion verbs.
文摘In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity,which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person.However,sometimes the subjective person is expressed by the sign of the objective person or vice versa,which is called inversion in Georgian language.There are many options about the reason of inversion.Bipersonal static verbs are considered as the oldest verbs as believed by many scientists.These are the verbs of feeling and owning;they are inverse,bipersonal and hold the dative construction.We think that inversion cannot be only explained with the static character.There are the verbs,which are not static but are inverse.We believe that it must be one and the same aspect in every case:perfect semantics.In Indo-European languages,the verbs of the perfect semantics have been converted from the class of the lexical words into the grammar perfect.When the Georgian language encountered the need to express the perfect forms respective to Indo-European languages,thus,the third series has been generated and it used the form as the model,belonging to the verbs of bipersonal non-transitional“perfect semantics”in present.This form has been supplemented by preverb and has become dynamic and gradually acquired various semantic nuances characterizing the perfect tense:resultativity,will,evidentiality,interrogative and negative,etc.In our opinion such verbs are not the continuation of the I and II series;they are the standalone link of the verb system,namely the perfect group characterized with the dative construction,which is inverse and always bipersonal.
