Exploring the Relationship between Learning Styles and Proficiency in Verbal Communication

In the light of need to use learning styles to enhance verbal proficiency,this paper will explore the interconnectedness of learning styles and proficiency in verbal communication.It will first introduce the background of the study.This will be followed by an overview of the research on related literature and studies in the field.Lastly the paper concludes that foreign language teachers should give attention to the styles for languages learning and verbal proficiency since they are closely correlated.

English translation of modern Chinese verbal ＂-le＂ --A study based on English-Chinese ＆ Chinese-English parallel corpus

Through the contrastive study on functional load of ＂-le＂ in original Chinese texts and translated Chinese texts, the results show that past tense, perfective aspect and seldom other forms are the corresponding forms of ＂-le＂ and its translation has a close relationship with verb classes, pragmatic functions, contextual meaning and so on.

弗朗索瓦·邦的数字写作及其启示——以Le Tiers Livre网站为例

弗朗索瓦·邦是较早利用网络技术进行数字实践与数字写作的法国当代作家。他在自创的Le Tiers Livre网站进行了形式多样的数字写作:添加对作品的总体评论;通过超链接形式在不同作品之间建立联系;续写;纸质版与网络版作品互为补充;通过添加对作品整体与局部的详细评论变旧书为新作;等等。通过不断评论、修改、续写、利用自己的旧文本,邦在旧作品的基础上获得了全新的作品,实现了文学创作形式的更新,同时也推动人们在技术时代对文学创作与观念进行更为深入的反思。

Cultivation of College Students' Ability in Cross-cultural Non-verbal Communication

For a long time,students' non-verbal communicative competence is neglected by themselves as well as the teachers.Inthis paper a research is done to analyze the causes of students' non-verbal communicative failure.And some suggestions are givento cultivate students' ability in cross-cultural non-verbal Communication The students' enhanced communicative competencewill help them avoid non-verbal communicative failure and communicate effectively and appropriately in cross-cultural communi-cation.

Multimodal Discourse Analysis of College English Teacher 's Nonverbal Behaviors

This paper analyzes College English teacher's non-verbal behaviors in multimedia classroom from the perspective ofMultimodal Discourse Analysis, aiming to explore how the non-verbal behaviors in classroom teaching can be applied in meaning-making process to facilitate teacher-students interaction and realize three metafunctions of language in class.

不同RANS/LES混合方法在汽车标模外流场非定常数值模拟中的对比

针对MIRA汽车标模外流场,采用RANS/LES混合方法开展非定常数值模拟,通过与风洞实验测力、测压结果进行详细对比分析,探究不同RANS/LES混合方法(DDES、IDDES、SBES、SDES)以及基于不同RANS模型(RKE、SA、SST k-ω、GEKO k-ω)的DDES方法在汽车外流场计算中的适用性。研究表明:对于气动力系数,不同混合方法的预测结果都偏高,其中DDES-GEKO模型的相对误差最小;对于表面压力系数,不同混合方法对垂直中截线的压力预测结果与实验值吻合程度较高,其中SBES-GEKO模型的结果更优;DDES模型内嵌不同RANS模型对后风窗的压力预测差别明显,其中SA模型较优;而不同混合方法对车底的压力预测偏差较大,对车底前部压力预测都小于实验值,其中对车底后部,SBES-GEKO模型的结果较优;此外,SBESGEKO模型能较好的识别出尾迹区的非定常流动结构。

Atrophy of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with poor performance in verbal fluency in elderly poststroke women

This study aimed to investigate the association between atrophy in the prefrontal cortex with executive function and verbal fluency in elderly male and female patients poststroke. Thirty elderly female patients with non-aphasic ischemic stroke aged -〉 60 years and 30 age-matched non-aphasic male patients with ischemic stroke were recruited. Automatic magnetic resonance imaging segmentation was used to assess the volume of the whole prefrontal cortex, along with its subdivisions： anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The Semantic Verbal Fluency Test was administered at 3 and 15 months poststroke. At 3 months poststroke, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume was significantly correlated with Verbal Fluency Test score in female patients only （partial coefficient = 0.453, P = 0.045）, after controlling for age, education, diabetes, neurological deficit, white matter lesions volume, as well as the location and volume of infarcts. At 15 months poststroke, there remained a significant association between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume and Verbal Fluency Test （partial coefficient = 0.661, P = 0.001） and between the left prefrontal cortex volume and Verbal Fluency Test （partial coefficient = 0.573, P = 0.004） in female patients after the same adjustments. These findings indicate that atrophy of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impairment of verbal fluency in elderly female patients with stroke. Sex differences may be present in the neuropsychological mechanisms of verbal fluency impairment in patients with stroke.

Friendliness to Animals and Verbal Aggressiveness to People: Using Prison Inmates Education Networks as an Illustration

Goal of this research is to detect possible relations between animal-related attitudes and verbal aggressiveness as well as types combining such parameters. The sample collected in 2015 contains two adult education classes equivalent to secondary school level (class A = 23 inmates and B = 12 inmates, all male) at a correctional facility. Questionnaires were used. Network analysis software (Visone) and conventional statistics (SPSS) are used for calculating network variables (indegree, outdegree, katz, pageranketc) and implementing Spearman test and Principal Component Analysis. Inmates who have adopted an animal-friendly value system and are too coward to react against torture of animals, maintain a repressed emotion. If they do not intervene and provoke, then they are also not targeted by others. No reaction against torture is also connected with a deep-rooted aggressiveness. Concerning superficial aggressiveness, a profile, whose characterize is multiple verbal aggressiveness, can be attributed to repressed emotions. A type is torturing and indifferently restricts his aggressiveness, as he can satisfy his need of dominance by being aggressive towards animals. A type of inmate who loves animals and reacts against their torture, presents the most restricted and relatively smooth aggressiveness, as he discharges his repressed emotions to this reaction. Under condition of indifference, keeping pets is not evidence of loving but of a need of companionship. As for the deep-rooted aggressiveness (over-extroversion), it does not seem to be triggered by any repression.

The Role of Non-verbal Behavior of Teachers in Providing Students Corrective Feedback and Their Consequences

Considering the primary focus of corrective feedback literature on verbal-correction provided by teachers and lack of attention to the role of other forms of corrective feedback in FL （foreign language） classroom interaction, this paper demonstrates how essential teachers＇ non-verbal communication and stance display are in making students＇ errors noticeable for them by providing samples from videotaped data. The findings in this study provide insights into the use of non-verbal behavior in providing students with corrective feedback. This study shows that research dealing only with verbal corrections provided by FL teachers cannot fully define the classroom interaction in terms of teachers＇ use of error correction techniques and student notification and uptake.

基于RANS/LES混合方法的三维L型弯管流场特性数值模拟

L型弯管是船用典型部件,可实现流体质量输运和热量交换等功能。由于弯曲段曲率的影响,其内部流动十分复杂。传统的雷诺平均方法(RANS)无法模拟弯曲段的复杂流动,而大涡模拟方法(LES)则计算量太大。为此,采用RANS/LES混合方法对经典L型弯管进行数值模拟研究,该方法在近壁面区域采用RANS方法,在湍流核心区采用LES方法,不仅可保持模拟精度,而且网格需求量较低更适用于工程应用。针对商软中的2类RANS/LES方法——脱体涡方法(IDDES)及应力混合涡模拟(SBES)方法,比较分析其在L型弯管内部流场仿真方面的优劣,并同时考虑流向曲率修正的影响。结果表明:SBES方法对弯管内二次流(迪恩涡)的预测能力优于IDDES方法,且曲率修正模型可进一步改善SBES方法的仿真结果。

上颌骨改良Le FortⅠ型截骨术的三维建模和术后咬合有限元分析

目的根据CT扫描数据,基于4种软件建立光顺的上颌骨三维几何模型,模拟改良Le FortⅠ型截骨术及固定方案,对患者术后咬合情况进行有限元分析。方法使用Mimics软件初步处理CT图像,建立STL模型。将模型导入Inspire Studio软件中,建立光滑的PolyNURBS几何模型。使用SpaceClaim软件,模拟手术截骨及钛板、钛钉固定方案。使用ANSYS Workbench软件,对术后患者咬合情况进行三维有限元分析。结果仿真结果显示,在磨牙咬合状态下有限元模型的连接关系建立准确无误。在共计6 N的咬合力作用下,钛板最大等效应力为73 MPa。结论本研究采用的上颌骨建模和分析方法可获得适用于仿真分析的光滑几何模型,有限元分析结果可以为各类正颌手术的固定方案提供参考。

Constructing a Simple Verbal Compiler

The paper’s purpose is to design and program the four operation-calculators that receives voice instructions and runs them as either a voice or text phase. The Calculator simulates the work of the Compiler. The paper is a practical example programmed to support that it is possible to construct a verbal Compiler.

Translating Interdisciplinary Research on Language Learning into Identifying Specific Learning Disabilities in Verbally Gifted and Average Children and Youth

The current research was grounded in prior interdisciplinary research that showed cognitive ability (verbal ability for translating cognitions into oral language) and multiple-working memory endophenotypes (behavioral markers of genetic or brain bases of language learning) predict reading and writing achievement in students with and without specific learning disabilities in written language (SLDs-WL). Results largely replicated prior findings that verbally gifted with dyslexia score higher on reading and writing achievement than those with average verbal ability but not on endophenotypes. The current study extended that research by comparing those with and without SLDs-WL with assessed verbal ability held constant. The verbally gifted without SLDs-WL (n = 14) scored higher than the verbally gifted with SLDs-WL (n = 27) on six language skills (oral sentence construction, best and fastest handwriting in copying, single real word oral reading accuracy, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and four endophenotypes (orthographic and morphological coding, orthographic loop, and switching attention). The verbally average without SLDs-WL (n = 6) scored higher than the verbally average with SLDs-WL (n = 22) on four language skills (best and fastest hand-writing in copying, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and two endophenotypes (orthographic coding and orthographic loop). Implications of results for translating interdisciplinary research into flexible definitions for assessment and instruction to serve students with varying verbal abilities and language learning and endophenotype profiles are discussed along with directions for future research.

Lower-Elementary Level School Pupils' Developmental Trajectories of Chinese Verbal Vocabulary Knowledge and Influential Factors

149 elementary school pupils were selected as the subjects for this study, to whom five tracking assessments of their verbal vocabulary knowledge were given over a period of three years. In addition, a latent variable growth model was adopted to explore grades 1-3 elementary school pupil's developmental trajectory for verbal Chinese vocabulary knowledge. The phonological awareness, homomorphic morpheme awareness, compound morpheme awareness and family socioeconomic status(SES) on the students' verbal vocabulary knowledge were also investigated. The ndings are: 1, grades 1-3 elementary school pupils verbal Chinese vocabulary knowledge developmental trajectory shows a curvilinear form, of which linear development is trended in the first two years, and as of the third year the developmental rate doubles the previous two years, whereas individual di erences are remarkable in both the initial level and the growth rate; 2, awareness of phonetics, homomorphic morphemes and complex morphemes as well as the family socioeconomic status can be referred to for a positive forecast of the students' initial level of verbal vocabulary knowledge; 3, only the awareness of homomorphic morphemes and the family socioeconomic status can be applied to a positive prediction of the students' verbal vocabulary knowledge growth rate..

Effect of Specific Verbal Instructions on the Identification of Pain Location during a Passive Straight Leg Raise Test

Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and accurately. Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) tests. The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ± 9.6 years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using McNemar’s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain location. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants who changed their pain location between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test (McNemar’s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (κ = 0.28) just after receiving the specific verbal instructions in the fourth test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the fifth test (κ = 0.57);93% of the participants answered that the pain location had become clearer. This study revealed the effects of specific verbal instructions in identifying pain locations. This detailed information may help PTs provide appropriate treatment and contribute to reducing pain in clinical settings.

Effect of Verbal Instructions in Pain Assessment during a Passive Straight Leg Raise Test in People with Chronic Low Back Pain

The most prevalent issue in physical therapy is pain. Due to the subjective nature of pain, assessment tools are essential in understanding it as objective data. However, assessment of pain may result in distress for the patient. A physical therapist (PT) should conduct these tests as quickly and accurately as possible. Straightforward instructions are vital in such cases. This study aimed to clarify the effect of verbal instructions for pain assessment during a passive straight leg raise (PSLR) test for participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study included 22 participants who provided informed consent and received three consecutive PSLR tests with measurement of the hip flexion range of motion (HFROM) and were instructed to cease the test at submaximal pain before the first test. Following the second and third tests, participants were given specific verbal instructions to remember pain intensity, quality, and location. After each test, participants were to circle the pain location on the body chart and rate their pain intensity on a numeric rating scale (NRS) and pain quality. All participants were then interviewed about the differences between having and not having specific verbal instructions. The results of HFROM, NRS, and pain extent were not significantly different between the first and second tests or between the second and third tests using a paired t-test. Eleven changes in pain location were found in the second test compared to those in the first test. In the third test, only three participants circled a different area than in the second test. Ten participants showed similar changes with pain location in pain quality in the three PSLR tests. This study revealed the effect of specific verbal instructions prior to PSLR tests. Particularly, participants could notice exact pain location. Our findings may help PT to understand pain cause and reduce patients’ stress during pain assessment in clinical settings.

亚临界区圆柱绕流相干结构壁面模化混合RANS/LES模型

本文发展了一种具有壁面模化大涡模拟能力的雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)和大涡模拟(LES)方法的混合模型(简称WM-HRL模型),致力于对亚临界区雷诺数钝体绕流相干结构这类复杂流动现象进行高置信度的CFD解析模拟研究.该方法通过一个仅与当地网格空间分布尺寸有关的湍动能解析度指标参数rk即可实现从RANS到LES的无缝快速转换,并且RANS/LES混合转换区的边界位置及其各个分区(包括RANS区、LES区及RANS/LES混合转换区)对湍动能的解析能力均可通过两个指标参数nrk1-Q和nrk2-Q准则进行预先设定.通过对雷诺数Re=3900下圆柱绕流场的系列数值模拟研究,获得了能够高置信度解析并捕捉其绕流场中三维时空瞬态发展相干结构特性的湍动能解析度指标参数nrk1-Q和nrk2-Q准则的组合条件.研究表明,该WM-HRL模型不仅能够准确获取圆柱绕流场中剪切层小尺度K-H不稳定性结构的精细谱结构,而且在同一套网格系统下通过变化湍动能解析度指标参数nrk2-Q和nrk1-Q准则的组合条件,还可以精细解析圆柱绕流场中两类不同回流区的长度结构特征,及其对应的圆柱尾部近壁面处V和U形两个平均流向速度剖面的分支结构特性.

Selective verbal memory impairment due to left fornical crus injury in a patient with intraventricular hemorrhage

The fornix, a part of the Papez circuit, transfers information of episodic memory between the medial temporal lobe and the medial diencephalon （Aggleton and Brown, 1999）. The right medial temporal lobe is known to be specialized for visual memory and the left medial temporal lobe for verbal memory （Tucker et al., 1988; Aegleton and Brown, 1999）.

A Study of Verbal Humor in Public Speech from the Perspective of Relevance Theory and Cooperative Principle--Taking TED Talks as An Example

Verbal humor carries rich cultural connotation and reflects the wisdom,communicative skills of the humor maker.There are many researches on verbal humor both at home and abroad,especially in the fields of sitcoms and literature from the perspective of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics.However,the researches on the humorous corpus of public speech are limited.This paper intendsto use qualitative research methods to explore the mechanism of verbal humor generation under the theoretical framework of cooperative principle and relevance theory.Through the analysis in the paper,it points out that verbal humor can be produced by violating the cooperative principle,the gap between maximum relevance and optimal relevance,and the speaker’s expanding contextual reasoning.The cooperation principle and relevance theory have a good elaboration on humor in public speeches,but both have their own deficiencies in explanatory power.Only the combination of those two theories can better explain the generation mechanism of verbal humor.

An Analysis of Verbal Humor in the Dialogues of the American Sitcom The Big Bang Theory from the Perspective of Relevance Theory

Abstract:Humor,as an art of language,reflects the wisdom of the speaker and positive attitude towards life,and brings joy to both speaker and listener.Based on relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson,this paper analyzes the verbal humor in the Dialogues of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics,selects 5 specific cases of verbal humor to probe into its generation process and expression effects.The research is significant to the discovery of humor,application of relevance theory and research in pragmatics.It studies the generation process and expression effect to help people better understand humor in daily life,improve the ability of applying humor and feel the artistic charm of language.Meanwhile,the research provides a latest corpus to help English lovers and learners with their English language proficiency.