On the Verbal and Non-Verbal Features in Chinese-English Interpretation

This paper investigates the verbal and non - verbal features of interpretation from Chinese into English . On the one hand the language of interpretation belongs to the category of oral language, So It determines the path an interpreter should follow while interpreting . On the other hand it is suggested that the non - verbal approach plays an important role in interpretation. Therefore an interpreter can not be a qualified interpreter unless he is, in addition to language techniques, skilled in the application of paralanguage.

Cultivation of College Students' Ability in Cross-cultural Non-verbal Communication

For a long time,students' non-verbal communicative competence is neglected by themselves as well as the teachers.Inthis paper a research is done to analyze the causes of students' non-verbal communicative failure.And some suggestions are givento cultivate students' ability in cross-cultural non-verbal Communication The students' enhanced communicative competencewill help them avoid non-verbal communicative failure and communicate effectively and appropriately in cross-cultural communi-cation.

Studies on the Avoidance of Cultural Conflicts from the Aspect of Relationship between Non-verbal Communication and Culture

Nowadays,communication with foreign people isbecoming closer.While,misunderstandings occur frequently inthis process.The main purpose of this essay is to offer some pro-posals on the problem of misunderstandings and conflicts in inter-cultural communication from the aspect of relationship betweenculture and non-verbal communication.

The Application of Non-verbal Communication Strategies in International Business Negotiations

As the economic globalization deepens, trades among nations are steadily increasing. Therefore, the international business negotiations become more and more significant. In the process of negotiations, the application of appropriate strategies is necessary for negotiators to reach an agreement smoothly. However, the non-verbal communication plays an important role to some extent in real international business negotiations. This article tends to explore the application of non-verbal strategies in the international business negotiations.

Effectiveness of Teacher's Non-verbal Communication in English Classrooms of Primary Schools in China

While there is a lot of research in non-verbal communication, a limited of studies are about the situation in primary schools in Chinese context. In this paper, I will argue for the relationship between teacher's non-verbal communication and student's learning interests in primary school.

Non-verbal Behavior in English Course

This paper first reveals the non-verbal behavior and then further emphasizes the important of body behavior which can be used in class frequently under the classification of the non-verbal behavior. By analyzing the important role of non-verbal behavior plays in communication, the paper discusses the specific and important part that non-verbal behavior serves, especially in foreign language teaching. The paper concludes that non-verbal behavior can perform as a relation maintainer, a structure maker, and a content container. The further suggestions for teacher to facilitate are proposed.

The Silent Language of Fingers and Hands—The Role of Finger and Hand Motions in Non-verbal Communication

This paper engages in the discussion about nonverbal intercultural communication from the perspective of hand and finger gestures,probing into the functions of non-verbal cues in cross-cultural interaction,talking over two different attitudes toward gestures,and giving a detailed analysis about the silent language of some specific gestures with fingers and hands in different cultures.

Evaluation of non-verbal cognitive function in infants with severe hearing impairment

BACKGROUND： The relationship between hearing impairment and verbal developmental deficits in infants has become a hotspot in research, focusing on improving hearing and promoting verbal development. However, language is only one element of cognition. There are other elements of non-verbal cognitive deficits in infants with hearing impairment. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to compare the differences in gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and behavioral development between infants with severe hearing impairment and ordinary children of the same age. DESIGN： Case-control observation. SETTING： Department of Otolaryngology-Head Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-two infants with hearing impairment, who received treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital from February to December 2007, were confirmed to suffer from severe （or extremely severe） sensorineural deafness by auditory brain-stem response （ABR） and were recruited for this study. The infants comprised 30 males and 22 females. Among them, 18 were aged 0-1 year, 18 were aged 1-2 years, and 16 were aged 2-3 years. An additional 60 individuals, aged 0-3 years, who received developmental monitoring simultaneously, and were confirmed to have normal hearing and verbal ability, were included as controls. Among the control subjects, there were 31 males and 29 females： 20 were 〈 1 year of age, 22 were between 1-2 years of age, and 18 were between 2-3 years of age. Informed consent for laboratory measurements was obtained from each infant＇s guardian, and the study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. METHODS： Infant gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and behavioral development were assessed in the hearing impairment and control infants. Comparison results were expressed as grading standards of development quotient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Developmental quotient of all subjects was determined using ＂psychometric test battery for 0-6 year-old infants＂, revised by Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Developmental quotient of each factor ≥ 130 points and 〈 69 points was defined as excellent and mentally disabled, respectively. RESULTS： All determination results were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in each factor between hearing-impaired and control infants, who were 1-year-old （P 〉 0.05）. The behavioral developmental quotient was significantly less in hearing-impaired infants compared to control infants, who were between 1 and 2 years of age （P 〈 0.05）. The development quotients of fine motor and behavioral development were significantly less in hearing-impaired infants than in control infants, who were 2 3 years of age （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Compared to control infants, severe hearing-impaired infants have a lower behavioral developmental quotient after 1 year and a lower fine motor developmental quotient after 2 years of age.

Machine Learning Enabled e-Learner Non-Verbal Behavior Detection in IoT Environment

Internet of Things(IoT)with e-learning is widely employed to collect data from various smart devices and share it with other ones for efficient e-learning applications.At the same time,machine learning(ML)and data mining approaches are presented for accomplishing prediction and classification processes.With this motivation,this study focuses on the design of intelligent machine learning enabled e-learner non-verbal behaviour detection(IML-ELNVBD)in IoT environment.The proposed IML-ELNVBD technique allows the IoT devices such as audio sensors,cameras,etc.which are then connected to the cloud server for further processing.In addition,the modelling and extraction of behaviour take place.Moreover,extreme learning machine sparse autoencoder(ELM-SAE)model is employed for the detection and classification of non-verbal behaviour.Finally,the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)algorithm is utilized to properly tune the weight and bias parameters involved in the ELM-SAE model.In order to ensure the improved performance of the IML-ELNVBD model,a comprehensive simulation analysis is carried out and the results highlighted the betterment compared to the recent models.

Support from Examiner’s Non-verbal Behavior in Spoken Test

Based on the overall view of communication theory and spoken English language testing system,this paper has conducted a comprehensive and specific observation and research on how examiner non-verbal behavior has affected candidate performance.The research has found out that not only examiner behavior including non-verbal behavior but language testing scenario itself is of communicative nature and examiner’s non-verbal behavior indeed promotes examinee’s test performance,which can help to better understand spoken testing system,examiner non-verbal behavior,and testing environment to promote the development of language speaking test and reflect examinee’s real language competence and ability.

Use of Non-Verbal Representations to Define Concept of Pulse Conditions in Traditional Chinese Medicine Standards

The standardization of terms and definitions is fundamental to all activities in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).For decades,definitions of TCM terminology relied on conventional verbal representations to differentiate between related concepts.However,the ancient Chinese is obscure and comprises a massive volume of information,making it difficult to convey the definition accurately in other languages.This article proposes a potential solution that the definition for pulse terminology can be supplemented by modern means of non-verbal representation,i.e.,using pulse waveform graphs and parameters to complete the definition of each pulse.A discussion of the challenges of obtaining reliable data is also included.

I-Quiz:An Intelligent Assessment Tool for Non-Verbal Behaviour Detection

Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.

Body language and Non-verbal Communication Reading教学设计

授课对象：高一学生指导老师：刘广丽（黑龙江省绥化市第一中学高级教师）一、教学内容分析本堂课的教学内容为外研版高中英语必修四Module 3 Body language and Non-verbal Communication的Reading部分。

Cultural Messages in Chinese and English Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is a part of culture and plays a very important role in social communication.From the comparative analysis of usages and meanings of non-verbal communication between Chinese and English which people are familiar with,we can understand the Chinese and English better and strengthen the intercultural communication.

Strategies for Fostering Interaction in Online Classrooms:A Conversation Analysis of Teacher-Student Verbal Interaction in Random Questioning in Pandemic-Initiated Online Teaching

This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.

Non-verbal Communication in the Adaptation of Literary Work-Take A Dream of Red Mansions for Instance

Apart from intercultural communication and ESL education,non-verbal communication is also an ideal method to examine the visual adaptation of literary works when it is further classified into direct and indirect communication.Whether an actor or an actress’non-verbal performances are compatible to the non-verbal behaviour of the character he or she plays is of great importance in the appraisal,which is transparent through the comparison and contrast of non-verbal communication in two versions of A Dream of Red Mansions TV series.

Verbal Dyspraxia: A Case Study

Introduction: While approaching the aspect of learning disorders, particular attention is paid to verbal dyspraxia, a phenomenon that runs its course regularly over the last years. Verbal dyspraxia is inherent in the person without mental disorders and accompanies them throughout the whole spectrum of life. Comorbidity is an added issue. Although dyspraxia is met in homogeneous groups, some common elements such as intelligence, difficulty regarding linguistic skills, low learning performance and low self-esteem are present. Purpose: The object is to research how dyspraxia is manifested and how it affects a 6-year-old boy as well as the possibility of promptly interfering and simplifying his everyday life. Method: In the current case study, Achenbach’s questionnaire was used, combined with the use of expressive vocabulary. Results: The results of the research were unveiled through experts’ references in coordinance with the conferences conducted. Conclusion: Winding up, dyspraxia is a learning disorder that exists within the person through their lifespan. Immediate diagnosis, combined with experts’ personalized intervention programs (and perhaps, a differentiated curriculum, where applicable) can guide the person to live up to the educational needs. Family’s role is to be supportive, intending to eliminate possible emotional strains.

Effect of Specific Verbal Instructions on the Identification of Pain Location during a Passive Straight Leg Raise Test

Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and accurately. Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) tests. The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ± 9.6 years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using McNemar’s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain location. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants who changed their pain location between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test (McNemar’s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (κ = 0.28) just after receiving the specific verbal instructions in the fourth test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the fifth test (κ = 0.57);93% of the participants answered that the pain location had become clearer. This study revealed the effects of specific verbal instructions in identifying pain locations. This detailed information may help PTs provide appropriate treatment and contribute to reducing pain in clinical settings.

Cultivation of Translators for Multimodal Translation in the New Media Age

In the 21st century,the development of digital and new media technologies has ushered in an age of pervasive multimodal communication,which has significantly amplified the role of multimodal translation in facilitating crosscultural exchanges.Despite the profound impact of these developments,the prevailing translation pedagogy remains predominantly focused on the enhancement of linguistic translation skills,with noticeable neglect of the imperative to cultivate students’competencies in multimodal translation.Based on the distinctive characteristics and challenges that multimodal translation presents in the context of new media,this study delves into the formulation of educational objectives and curriculum design for the training of multimodal translators.The intent is to propose a framework that can guide the preparation of translators who are adept and equipped to navigate the complexities and demands of the contemporary age.