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The forty years of vermicular graphite cast iron development in China (Part Ⅰ) 被引量:4
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作者 QIU han-quan CHEN Zheng-de 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2007年第2期91-98,共8页
In China, the research and development of vermicular graphite cast iron (VGCI) as a new type of engineering material, were started in the same period as in other developed countries; however, its actual industrial app... In China, the research and development of vermicular graphite cast iron (VGCI) as a new type of engineering material, were started in the same period as in other developed countries; however, its actual industrial application was even earlier. In China, the deep and intensive studies on VGCI began as early as the 1960s. According to the incomplete statistics to date, more than 600 papers on VGCI have been published by Chinese researchers and scholars at national and international conferences, and in technical journals. More than ten types of production methods and more than thirty types of treatment alloy have been studied. Formulae for calculating the critical addition of treatment alloy required to produce VGCI have been put forward, and mechanisms for explaining the formation of dross during treatment were brought forward. The casting properties, metallographic structure, mechanical and physical properties and machining performance of VGCI, as well as the relationships between them, have all been studied in detail. The Chinese Standards for VGCI and VGCI metallographic structure have been issued. In China, the primary crystallization of VGCI has been studied by many researchers and scholars. The properties of VGCI can be improved by heat treatment and addition of alloying elements enabling its applications to be further expanded. Hundreds of kinds of VGCI castings have been produced and used in vehicles, engines, mining equipment, metallurgical products serviced under alternating thermal load, machinery, hydraulic components, textile machine parts and military applications. The heaviest VGCI casting produced is 38 tons and the lightest is only 1 kg. Currently, the annual production of the VGCI in China is about 200 000 tons. The majority of castings are made from cupola iron without pre-treatment, however, they are also produced from electric furnaces and by duplex melting from cupola-electric furnaces or blast furnace-electric furnace. Examples of typical applications for VGCI castings are introduced in this paper. In China, the technologies such as rapid testing of the molten metal and non-destructive testing of casting microstructure still need to be improved. Several proposals are put forward in this paper in order to improve the production of VGCI. Generally speaking, in China, the research, production, and application of vermicular graphite cast iron are at the same level as in other developed countries and in some fields China even takes lead. (332 references and 5 Tables) 展开更多
关键词 vermicular graphite cast iron China REVIEW
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Quantitative models for microstructure and thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron cylinder block based on cooling rate 被引量:2
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作者 Qing-yi Liu Xiao-fu Zhang +4 位作者 Yu-cheng Sun Ai-long Jiang Ji-chao Li Hong-liang Zheng Xue-lei Tian 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2021年第1期52-59,共8页
The relationships of cooling rate with microstructure and thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron(VGI) cylinder block were studied, which are important for design and optimization of the casting process ... The relationships of cooling rate with microstructure and thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron(VGI) cylinder block were studied, which are important for design and optimization of the casting process of VGI cylinder blocks. Cooling rates at different positions in the cylinder block were calculated based on the cooling curves recorded with a solidification simulation software. The metallographic structure and thermal conductivity were observed and measured using optical microscopy(OM), scanning electrical microscopy(SEM) and laser flash diffusivity apparatus, respectively. The effects of the cooling rate on the vermicularity, total and average areas of all graphite particles, and the pearlite fraction in the VGI cylinder block were investigated. It is found that the vermicularity changes in parabola trend with the increase of cooling rate. The total area of graphite particles and the cooling rate at eutectoid stage can be used to predict pearlite fraction well. Moreover, it is found that the thermal conductivity at room temperature is determined by the average area of graphite particles and pearlite fraction when the range of vermicularity is from 80% to 93%. Finally, the quantitative models are established to calculate the vermicularity, pearlite fraction, and thermal conductivity of the VGI cylinder block. 展开更多
关键词 vermicular graphite cast iron cylinder block quantitative model cooling rate thermal conductivity
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Different thermal fatigue behaviors between gray cast iron and vermicular graphite cast iron 被引量:1
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作者 Gui-quan Wang Zhong-li Liu +1 位作者 Yan-xiang Li Xiang Chen 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2022年第3期245-252,共8页
The initiation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks in gray cast iron and vemicular graphite cast iron were investigated by Uddeholm method to reveal the complex thermal fatigue behaviors of cast iron.Differences... The initiation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks in gray cast iron and vemicular graphite cast iron were investigated by Uddeholm method to reveal the complex thermal fatigue behaviors of cast iron.Differences of thermal fatigue behaviors of gray cast iron and vemicular graphite cast iron were observed and analyzed.It is found that the observed differences are related to the combination of graphite morphology and the oxidization of matrix.More oxidized matrix is observed in gray cast iron due to its large specific surface area.The brittle oxidized matrix facilitates the propagation of microcracks along the oxidization layer.By contrast,the radial microcracks are formed in vermicular graphite at the edge of graphite due to fewer oxidization layers.It indicates that the thermal fatigue resistance of gray cast iron is dominated by graphite content and morphology while that of vermicular graphite cast iron strongly relates to the strength of the matrix. 展开更多
关键词 thermal fatigue gray cast iron vermicular graphite cast iron OXIDIZATION cracking propagation
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Numerical Simulation of Shrinkage Cavity Formation in Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings Based on Micro Modeling 被引量:5
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作者 Wenzhen Li Baicheng Liu Shantong Jin (Metallurgy Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1998年第1期9-12,共4页
A micro-modeling method (MM) for the quantitative prediction of the shrinkage cavity formation in SGiron castings is proposed. The mathematical models describing the volume changes during the solidification ofspheroid... A micro-modeling method (MM) for the quantitative prediction of the shrinkage cavity formation in SGiron castings is proposed. The mathematical models describing the volume changes during the solidification ofspheroidal graphite cast iron are established based on the models of solidification kinetics. The shrinkage cavityformation of T-shaped SG iron castings is calculated with MM method. The calculated results are compared with theexperimental results. It is shown that the predicted size, shape and distribution of shrinkage cavity by MM methodare in good agreement with the measured results. 展开更多
关键词 SOLIDIFICATION SHRINKAGE numerical simulation micro modeling spheroidal graphite cast iron
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Effect of Bi on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron 被引量:4
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作者 Song Liang Guo Erjun Tan Changlong 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2014年第2期125-131,共7页
To improve the mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron, bismuth(Bi) was introduced into the iron. Five castings with different Bi content from 0 to 0.014 wt.% were prepared; and four positions in the ... To improve the mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron, bismuth(Bi) was introduced into the iron. Five castings with different Bi content from 0 to 0.014 wt.% were prepared; and four positions in the casting from the edge to the center, with different solidifi cation cooling rates, were chosen for microstructure observation and mechanical properties test. The effect of the Bi content on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness at different positions in the fi ve castings decrease with a decrease in cooling rate. With an increase in Bi content, the graphite morphology and the mechanical properties at the same position are improved, and the improvement of mechanical properties is obvious when the Bi content is no higher than 0.011wt.%. But when the Bi content is further increased to 0.014wt.%, the improvement of mechanical properties is not obvious due to the increase of chunky graphite number and the aggregation of chunky graphite. With an increase in Bi content, the tensile fracture mechanism is changed from brittle to mixture ductile-brittle fracture. 展开更多
关键词 heavy section ductile cast iron Bi addition cooling rate graphite morphology mechanical properties
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Experimental and FEM Study of Coated and Uncoated Tools Used for Dry Milling of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron 被引量:7
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作者 陈明 姜立 +1 位作者 郭国强 安庆龙 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2011年第4期235-241,共7页
Compacted graphite cast iron (CG1) has been the material for high-power diesel engines recently, but its increased strength causes poor machinability. In this study, coated and uncoated carbide tools were used in dr... Compacted graphite cast iron (CG1) has been the material for high-power diesel engines recently, but its increased strength causes poor machinability. In this study, coated and uncoated carbide tools were used in dry milling experiment and FEM simulation to study the machinability of CGI and wear behaviour of tools. The experimental and FEM simulation results show that coated tool has great advantage in dry milling of CGI. SEM and EDS analysis of tool wear indicate the wear morphology and wear mechanism. Adhesive wear is the main mechanism to cause un- coated tool wear, while abrasive wear and delamination wear are the main mechanism to cause coated tool wear. Stress and temperature distribution in FEM simulation help to understand the wear mechanism including the reason for coat- ing peeled off. 展开更多
关键词 compacted graphite cast iron dry milling tool wear modelling
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Eutectic solidification mode of spheroidal graphite cast iron and graphitization 被引量:3
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作者 Hideo Nakae Sanghoon Jung Takayuki Kitazawa 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2007年第1期34-37,共4页
The shrinkage and chilling tendency of spheroidal graphite (abbreviated SG) cast iron is much greater than that of the flake graphite cast iron in spite of its higher amount of C and Si contents. Why? The main reason ... The shrinkage and chilling tendency of spheroidal graphite (abbreviated SG) cast iron is much greater than that of the flake graphite cast iron in spite of its higher amount of C and Si contents. Why? The main reason should be the difference in their graphitization during the eutectic solidification. In this paper, we discuss the difference in the solidification mechanism of both cast irons for solving these problems using unidirectional solidification and the cooling curves of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. The eutectic solidification rate of the SG cast iron is controlled by the diffusion of carbon through the austenite shell, and the final thickness is 1.4 times the radius of the SG, therefore, the reduction of the SG size, namely, the increase in the number, is the main solution of these problems. 展开更多
关键词 spheroidal graphite cast iron SHRINKAGE chilling tendency eutectic solidification GRAPHITIZATION
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Graphite Nucleation in Cast Iron Melts Based on Solidification Experiments and Microstructure Simulation 被引量:1
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作者 Andreia Sommerfeld Bernd Bttger Babette Tonn 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第3期321-324,共4页
Microstructure strongly influences the mechanical properties of cast iron. By inoculating the melt with proper inoculants, foreign substrates are brought into the melt and eventually the graphite can crystallize on th... Microstructure strongly influences the mechanical properties of cast iron. By inoculating the melt with proper inoculants, foreign substrates are brought into the melt and eventually the graphite can crystallize on them. The elements and substrates that really play a role for nucleation are yet unknown. Until now there is very little knowledge about the fundamentals of nucleation, such as composition and morphology of nuclei. In this work we utilized EN-GJL-200 as a base material and examined several produced specimens. The specimens were cast with and without inoculants and quenched at different solidification states. Specimens were also examined with a high and low oxygen concentration, but the results showed that different oxygen contents have no influence on the nucleation in cast iron melts. Our research was focused on the microscopic examination and phase-field simulations. For studying the samples we applied different analytical methods, where SEM-EDS, -WDS were proved to be most effective. The simulations were conducted by using the software MICRESS, which is based on a multiphase-field model and has been coupled directly to the TCFE3 thermodynamic database from TCAB. On the basis of the experimental investigations a nucleation mechanism is proposed, which claims MnS precipitates as the preferred site for graphite nucleation. This theory is supported by the results of the phase-field simulations. 展开更多
关键词 graphite nucleation cast iron melts SOLIDIFICATION Microstructure simulation
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Influence of boron on ferrite formation in copper-added spheroidal graphite cast iron 被引量:1
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作者 Ying Zou Hideo Nakae 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2014年第4期375-381,共7页
This paper reviews the original work of the authors published recently,describing the influence of B on the matrix of the Cuadded spheroidal graphite cast iron.The effect of Cu has been corrected as a ferrite formatio... This paper reviews the original work of the authors published recently,describing the influence of B on the matrix of the Cuadded spheroidal graphite cast iron.The effect of Cu has been corrected as a ferrite formation promoter in the matrix of the grey cast iron by the usage of high-purity material.Also,this paper focuses on the ferrite formation and the observation of the Cu distribution in the B-added and B-free Cu-containing spheroidal graphite cast iron.The Cu film on the spheroidal graphite can be successfully observed in the B-free sample using a special etching method.However,in the B-added sample,no Cu film could be found,while the secondary graphite was formed on the surface of the spheroidal graphite.The interaction between B and Cu is stressed as a peculiar phenomenon by the employment of a contrast experiment of B and Mn.The heat treatment could make Cu precipitate more significantly in the eutectic cells and in the matrix in the form of large Cu particles because of the limited solubility of Cu. 展开更多
关键词 spheroidal graphite cast iron CU B pearlite formation ferrite formation Cu distribution
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Analysis of Graphite Morphology of Gray Cast Iron in Pulse Magnetic Field 被引量:1
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作者 LIQiu-shu LIULi-qiang ZHAIQi-jie 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第2期45-48,共4页
By self-made pulse electrical source and strong magnetic field solidification tester, the effect of strong pulse magnetic field on graphite morphology and solidification structure of gray cast iron was studied. The re... By self-made pulse electrical source and strong magnetic field solidification tester, the effect of strong pulse magnetic field on graphite morphology and solidification structure of gray cast iron was studied. The results show that the structure is remarkably refined after treated by pulse magnetic field, and the width of graphite flakes is decreased while the length is increased after a slight decrease. The solidification temperature and eutectic temperature are increased and the undercooling degree of eutectic transformation is decreased by magnetic field. 展开更多
关键词 pulse magnetic field gray cast iron graphite morphology SOLIDIFICATION
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Shrinkage Behaviour of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron in Green and Dry Sand Molds for the Benchmarking of Solidification Simulation 被引量:1
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作者 Wenzhen LI and Baicheng LIU Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Jiarong LI Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2001年第6期610-614,共5页
The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inocula... The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inoculation, casting modulus, mold type (green or dry) and pouring temperature within specific ranges of these variables. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the metallurgical and processing parameters of the minimum casting shrinkage and the maximum casting shrinkage were obtained, and the effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroids graphite cast iron castings were discussed. Finally, two regression equations relating these variables to the formation of shrinkage porosity were derived based upon the orthogonal experiments conducted. 展开更多
关键词 Shrinkage Behaviour of Spheroidal graphite cast iron in Green and Dry Sand Molds for the Benchmarking of Solidification Simulation graphite Simulation cast
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PIXE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHITE PHASE IN NODULAR CAST IRON
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作者 钟溟 冯松林 +5 位作者 王禹 任闽秦 刘年庆 张晓峰 焉伶娜 韩其勇 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1992年第3期210-215,共6页
The graphite phase has been extracted from the nodular cast iron to measure the concentration of trace element in it. The impurity phase was removed from the extracted matter by dissolving it with HCl and HCl+H<sub... The graphite phase has been extracted from the nodular cast iron to measure the concentration of trace element in it. The impurity phase was removed from the extracted matter by dissolving it with HCl and HCl+H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to get the pure graphite phase. PIXE measurements were performed with thick targets of the pure graphite phase. Differences in the trace element concentrations between the graphite phase and the matrix have been observed. The effect of Ti and As in graphite phase on the nodularization rate and the mechanical properties have been studied. 展开更多
关键词 PIXE graphite phase NODULAR cast iron TRACE elements
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Effect of Rare Earths and Nitrogen on Graphite Structure of Gray Cast Iron
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作者 翟启杰 曾奇 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1997年第4期42-45,共4页
By means of inoculating, the effects of rare earths, N and RE N joint inoculants on the content and surface morphology of graphite of high CE gray cast irons were studied The results indicate that RE, N, and espec... By means of inoculating, the effects of rare earths, N and RE N joint inoculants on the content and surface morphology of graphite of high CE gray cast irons were studied The results indicate that RE, N, and especially RE N joint inoculants make the content of graphite decrease; N and RE N joint inoculants could make the surface of graphite rougher and the heads of graphite flake passive 展开更多
关键词 Rare earths NITROGEN INOCULANT graphite Gray cast irons
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GROWTH MODE AND MODIFICATION OF GRAPHITE IN CAST IRON MELT
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作者 LIU Yongkun Southwestern Institute of Technology and Engineering,Chongqing,ChinaYANG Shihao Shandong Polytechnical University,Jinan,China 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1992年第10期263-267,共5页
Using liquid quenching technique,the change of growth mode of graphite in cast iron melt was analysed.Based on the interface structure theory of crystal growth,the concept of multiplication of spiral growth steps was ... Using liquid quenching technique,the change of growth mode of graphite in cast iron melt was analysed.Based on the interface structure theory of crystal growth,the concept of multiplication of spiral growth steps was advanced and two basic multiplication models were given.It was proposed that multiplication of spiral steps is responsible for the change of growth mode of graphite in cast iron melt.The modifying elements such as Ce promote multiplication of spiral steps,which is regarded as the core of modification.Origination of screw dislocation and branch of the sector blocks in radius direction,both of which are essential to spheroidization of graphite in the melt,are caused by multiplication of spiral steps:and so is thickening of graphite plates. 展开更多
关键词 graphite crystallization morphology growth mode spiral growth seeps cast iron
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Effects of cooling rate on vermicular graphite percentage in a brake drum produced by onestep cored wire injection
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作者 Yu-shuang Feng Ze-sheng Ji +1 位作者 He-sheng Wu Yong-cheng Feng 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2015年第5期349-353,共5页
In this research, a vermicular graphite cast iron brake drum was produced by cored wire injection in a one-step method. Silica sand and low-density alumina-silicate ceramic were used as molding materials in order to i... In this research, a vermicular graphite cast iron brake drum was produced by cored wire injection in a one-step method. Silica sand and low-density alumina-silicate ceramic were used as molding materials in order to investigate the effect of cooling rate on percentage of vermicular graphite and mechanical properties of the brake drum casting. Several thermocouples were inserted into the casting in the desired positions to measure the temperature change. By means of one-step cored wire injection, the two residual concentrations of Mg and RE were effectively controlled in the ranges of 0.013%-0.017% and 0.019%-0.025%, respectively, which are crucial for the production of vermicular graphite cast iron and the formation of vermicular graphite. In addition, the cooling rate had a significant effect on the vermicular graphite percentage. In the case of the silica mold brake drum casting, there was an obvious difference in the cooling rate with the wall change, leading to a change in vermicular graphite percentage from 70.8% to 90%. In the low-density alumina-silicate ceramic mold casting, no obvious change in temperature was detected by the thermocouples and the percentage of the vermicular graphite was stable at 85%. Therefore, the vermicular graphite cast iron brake drum with a better combination of mechanical properties could be obtained. 展开更多
关键词 cored wire injection in one-step vermicular graphite cast iron cooling rate vermicular graphite percentage brake drum
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EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON GRAPHITE MORPHOLOGY IN GRAY CAST IRON
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作者 ZHAI Qijie HU Hanqi University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,China Faculty of Foundry,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1993年第8期151-155,共5页
The distribution of N and morphology of graphite in gray cast iron containing N were studicd by adopting the man-made specimens of Fe-C-Si-Mn alloys with some N added. The N adsorbed along the interfaces between graph... The distribution of N and morphology of graphite in gray cast iron containing N were studicd by adopting the man-made specimens of Fe-C-Si-Mn alloys with some N added. The N adsorbed along the interfaces between graphite and matrix together with solid- solutioned in graphite is believed to be the principal cause of morpholongical variation of graphite. 展开更多
关键词 gray cast iron graphite morphology N
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Cerium Distribution in Spheroidal Graphite of Cast Iron
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作者 方克明 苗柏和 余宗森 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1992年第3期208-211,共4页
Six thin sections of spheroidal graphites in cast iron have been investigated by TEM and SEM.The spheroidal graphites consist of two or three layers and have nuclei which are composed of Ce_2O_2S and Ce_2O_3. Cerium i... Six thin sections of spheroidal graphites in cast iron have been investigated by TEM and SEM.The spheroidal graphites consist of two or three layers and have nuclei which are composed of Ce_2O_2S and Ce_2O_3. Cerium is existed ont only in nuclei,but also in central layer and middle layer of graphite. 展开更多
关键词 Spheroidal graphite Cerium distribution cast iron
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Numerical simulation of microstructure evolution on near eutectic spheroidal graphite cast iron
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作者 Bing Wu Di Meng +1 位作者 Hong-liang Zheng Xue-lei Tian 《China Foundry》 SCIE 2017年第5期386-391,共6页
A multiphase cellular automaton model was developed to simulate microstructure evolution of near eutectic spheroidal graphite cast iron(SGI) during its solidification process, and both dendritic austenite and spheroid... A multiphase cellular automaton model was developed to simulate microstructure evolution of near eutectic spheroidal graphite cast iron(SGI) during its solidification process, and both dendritic austenite and spheroidal graphite growth models were adopted. To deduce the mesh anisotropy of cellular automaton method, the composition averaging and geometrical parameter were introduced to simulate the spheroidal graphite growth. Solute balance method and decentered square algorithms were employed to simulate austenite dendrites growth with different crystallographic orientations. The simulated results indicate that the graphite nodule grows in a spherical morphology when the surrounding environment of a single graphite nodule is same. However, for two adjacent graphite nodules, the environment is different. The higher the carbon concentration, the faster the growth of graphite. By comparison with experimental results, it is found that the microstructure evolution of near eutectic spheroidal graphite cast iron during solidification process can be reproduced quantitatively by numerical simulation with this model. 展开更多
关键词 spheroidal graphite cast iron cellular automaton model numerical simulation mesh anisotropy graphite growth
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Calculating the effective thermal conductivity of gray cast iron by using an interconnected graphite model
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作者 Guang-hua Wang Yan-xiang Li 《China Foundry》 SCIE 2020年第3期183-189,共7页
A new theoretical model of gray cast iron taking into account a locally interconnected structure of flake graphite was designed,and the corresponding effective thermal conductivity was calculated using the thermal res... A new theoretical model of gray cast iron taking into account a locally interconnected structure of flake graphite was designed,and the corresponding effective thermal conductivity was calculated using the thermal resistance network method.The calculated results are obviously higher than that of the effective medium approximation assuming that graphite is distributed in isolation.It is suggested that the interconnected structure significantly enhances the overall thermal conductivity.Moreover,it is shown that high anisotropy of graphite thermal conductivity,high volume fraction of graphite,and small aspect ratio of flake graphite will cause the connectivity effects of graphite to more obviously improve the overall thermal conductivity.Higher graphite volume fraction,lower aspect ratio and higher matrix thermal conductivity are beneficial to obtain a high thermal conductivity gray cast iron.This work can provide guidance and reference for the development of high thermal conductivity gray cast iron and the design of high thermal conductivity composites with similar locally interconnected structures. 展开更多
关键词 gray cast iron effective thermal conductivity flake graphite interconnected graphite structure
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Thermomechanical Testing of GGG 40 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Alloy
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作者 Marwan Faisal Eman El-Shenawy Mohamed A. Taha 《Materials Sciences and Applications》 2017年第3期273-280,共8页
Spheroidal graphite cast iron GGG 40 was thermo-mechanically tested using thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble-3500. Three deformation steps were successively applied on test-specimen at temperatures namely;900&deg... Spheroidal graphite cast iron GGG 40 was thermo-mechanically tested using thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble-3500. Three deformation steps were successively applied on test-specimen at temperatures namely;900&deg;C, 850&deg;C and 750&deg;C within the austenitic zone, at the same strain rate of 0.1 s-1. No cracks were observed, up to 50% deformation, after successive deformation steps. Stress-strain relationship obtained is correlated with previous work on SGCI with a different carbon equivalent. It was found that by decreasing the deformation temperature;for the same CE, young’s modulus, yield strength and strain hardening exponent increase. Microstructure of the deformed zone, for a specimen quenched after the final deformation step, reveals fine elongated ferrite and pearlite, as well as elongated graphite. While microstructure of the non-deformed zone subjected to the same treatment, includes coarser ferrite and pearlite with graphite spheres embedded in the matrix. 展开更多
关键词 THERMO-MECHANICAL Behavior SPHEROIDAL graphite cast iron Gleeble-3500
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