利用Vernier传感器的“盐类的水解”引课案例——数字化实验探究醋酸钠的水解

“盐类的水解”在高中化学课程中扮演着关键角色,它覆盖了广泛的知识点并且具有高度的综合性,因此对学生讲是一种挑战。本文的主要设计思路是以研究醋酸钠的水解平衡为模型样例,为进一步学习认知“盐类的水解”做铺垫,继而突破难点,这也称之为“引课”。案例中运用不同的Vernier传感器设计了两个特色的教学环节:一是课前使用pH传感器记录了醋酸钠固体从刚加入水中至达到水解平衡时的pH曲线,课堂上用软件的回放功能直观地呈现了醋酸钠水解平衡建立的过程(缓慢、程度低,但能改变pH);二是因为醋酸钠水解进行的程度低、热效应难以表征,我们巧妙地通过温度传感器测量醋酸钠水解的逆反应(醋酸的中和反应)放热,可由此推理出醋酸钠水解应是吸热反应。数字化实验所营造的探究式学习环境,使得课堂氛围极其活跃,极大地提升了学生们的学习热情,并在问题研讨的过程中帮助学生构建水解平衡的认知模型,内化核心素养,提升关键能力。

基于Vernier Video Physics软件的物理实验探究——以“探究平抛运动的特点”为例

智能手机的飞速发展和智能手机APP的不断更新对当今社会的各个方面都产生了深远的影响。与此同时,智能手机APP也逐渐被引入课堂教学中,为学生提供了自主学习的机会,也使物理实验教学模式发生了巨大的改变,成了广大教育者关注的热点。利用Vernier Video Physics软件和Vernier Graphical Analysis软件,再结合平抛运动实验仪,对小钢球的运动轨迹进行逐帧追踪定位,得到小钢球做平抛运动的y-x图像、x-t图像、y-t图像和v_(y)-t图像,再对图像进行相应函数拟合,经过数据分析,得到小钢球做平抛运动在水平方向和竖直方向的运动特点。利用智能手机APP辅助高中物理实验教学可以激发学生的学习兴趣,帮助学生理解物理概念和规律,使学生积极主动地参与到实验中来,培养他们的动手能力,提升他们的实验素养。

Reduction of Unipolar Leakage Flux and Torque Ripple in Consequent-pole PM Vernier Machine

This paper proposes a new consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier machine(CPMVM),which can be regarded as a combination of two conventional CPMVM with opposite polarities.Based on the simplified axial magnetic circuit model,it is verified that the proposed CPMVM can reduce the unipolar leakage flux.In order to reduce the torque ripple of machine and improve the output torque of machine,the flux barrier is placed on the rotor of the proposed machine.Then,the parameters of the proposed CPMVM are optimized and determined.Moreover,the electromagnetic performance,including no-load air-gap flux density,average torque and torque ripple,flux linkage,back-electromotive force,cogging torque,average torque,torque ripple,power factor and loss,is compared with conventional surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machine(SPMVM)and CPMVM.Finally,it is demonstrated that proposed CPMVM with flux barrier can effectively reduce the unipolar leakage flux and greatly reduce the torque ripple of machine.Also,compared with the SPMVM,the proposed CPMVM with flux barrier saves more than 45%of the permanent magnet material without reducing output torque.

基于Vernier阳极微通道板光子计数探测器分割噪声

为消除微通道板光子计数探测器系统中电子噪声的干扰,研究了探测器分割噪声的来源,并提出利用COMSOL软件仿真计算分割噪声的方法.利用有限元方法对基于Vernier阳极探测器的成像过程进行三维建模,实现了一组5×5针孔阵列的模拟成像,计算出Vernier阳极分割噪声所产生的电子云质心位置的偏移量,验证了Vernier阳极探测器成像编码的正确性与仿真研究分割噪声的可行性.通过分析不同参量的阳极面板,利用数值拟合方法,得到电子云质心偏移量与阳极面板设计参量之间的关系.在固定面板参量的前提下,可以通过提高微通道板增益来有效降低分割噪声对质心位置偏移影响.

采用Vernier阵技术的SAS图像重建

在采用 Vernier阵技术时 ,为了避免由于等效相位中心 ( DPC)近似而引起的合成孔径声纳( SAS)图像模糊 ,提出一种新的数据处理方法 ,该方法根据收发分置成像的几何特性 ,采用修正的距离 -多普勒算法对单个接收元信号独立进行合成孔径处理 ,并将独立处理产生的所有图像相干叠加 ,得到 SAS系统的高分辨图像。对 DPC近似处理、单个接收元合成孔径处理以及相干叠加处理的计算机仿真结果进行了比较 ,结果验证了该处理方法的可行性和有效性 。

Vernier阳极设计与成像模拟

光子计数成像探测器作为探测微弱光的重要手段,由微通道板,解码阳极以及后续的读出电路组成,其中解码阳极的性能直接影响着探测器的成像质量。作为一种电荷分割型阳极,Vernier阳极利用周期性的正弦电极区域替代了楔条形阳极(WSA)的线性电极,可获得高的成像分辨率和大的电极活动区域。根据Vernier阳极的设计原理对Vernier阳极进行了仿真和设计,首先,介绍了矢量形式的阳极解码,确定了阳极设计参量为阳极周期长度,电极振幅及电极波长;其次,分析了各阳极设计参量对探测器成像的影响,利用Labview软件分别模拟了电子云,Vernier阳极板以及其相互作用成像情况,确定了Vernier阳极周期长度与粗调波长之间的关系以及设计参数一定时,成像达到最佳的电子云大小,依照模拟结果和实际的加工条件,设计和制备了周期为891μm,绝缘沟道为25μm,振幅为50μm,粗调数为5的九路Vernier阳极。

基于手机Vernier Video Physics的物理实验教学研究

将智能手机的APP功能应用于中学物理教学实践,已成为教师激发学生学习兴趣和培养学生动手能力的新途径.利用Vernier Video Physics研究了小车的匀加速直线运动和匀减速直线运动,得到了运动的轨迹图以及小车运动的x-t、v-t图象.实际生活中最常见的投篮过程中篮球的运动,作为二维斜抛运动的特例,得到了篮球运动的轨迹图以及两个方向上的x-t、v-t图象.通过对图象的分析提高学生对这些运动的深刻认识,解决了传统教学中学生很难理解为什么将曲线运动分解为两个直线运动的问题,使得教学更具可视化.将现代化教学设备应用到课堂教学,提高学生处理、分析图象的能力,体现了核心素养对高中物理教学的基本要求.

基于Vernier Video Physics软件研究抛体运动

随着信息技术的不断发展,智能手机App为实验研究和教学拓展了新思路。利用Vernier Video Physics软件及其配套的数据分析软件研究小圆块的平抛运动和斜抛运动的运动规律,既可突破传统教学方法的局限,又能提高学生处理、分析图象的能力,从而凸显高中物理教学培养核心素养的基本要求。

Design and Analysis of a V-Shaped Permanent Magnet Vernier Motor for High Torque Density

This paper proposes a V-shaped permanent magnet vernier(V-PMV)motor for potential applications in direct drive system.By designing suitable pole slot ratio and adopting the V-shaped PM topology and dummy slots in rotor,the flux leakage can be avoided effectively.Meanwhile,the high-order harmonics with large amplitude in the airgap magnetic field are fully utilized and served as the effective working harmonics,which aim at enhancing the output torque and reducing the torque ripple.Moreover,to extensively explore the performance advantages of the V-PMV motor,a multi-objective optimization study is carried out.And,the electromagnetic performances of the V-PMV motors are analyzed and compared in detail.Finally,a prototype machine is built and tested.Both theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the validity of the motor and multi-objective optimization design approach.

Research on Slot-pole Combination in High-power Direct-drive PM Vernier Generator for Fractional Frequency Transmission System

Offshore wind energy is an important part of clean energy,and the adoption of wind energy to generate electricity will contribute to the implementation of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The combination of the fractional frequency transmission system(FFTS) and the direct-drive wind turbine generator will be beneficial to the development of the offshore wind power industry.The use of fractional frequency in FFTS is beneficial to the transmission of electrical energy,but it will also lead to an increase in the volume and weight of the generator,which is unfavorable for wind power generation.Improving the torque density of the generator can effectively reduce the volume of the generators.The vernier permanent magnet machine(VPM) operates on the magnetic flux modulation principle and has the merits of high torque density.In the field of electric machines,the vernier machine based on the principle of magnetic flux modulation has been proved its feasibility to reduce the volume and weight.However,in the field of low-speed direct-drive machines for high-power fractional frequency power generation,there are still few related researches.Therefore,this paper studies the application of magnetic flux modulation in fractional frequency and high-power direct-drive wind turbine generators,mainly analyzes the influence of different pole ratios and different pole pairs on the generator,and draws some conclusions to provide reference for the design of wind turbine generators.

基于Vernier Video Physics软件的物理实验探究——以“探究影响单摆周期的因素”为例

随着科技的不断发展,将信息技术与物理实验课堂相融合,已经成为教师培养学生科学素养和信息素养的一种重要手段.采用控制变量法探究影响单摆周期的因素,利用Vernier Video Physics视频分析软件对小钢球的运动轨迹进行逐帧追踪定位,得到小钢球做单摆运动的x-t图像和v-t图像,通过数据分析,得到单摆周期与摆球质量、振幅和摆长之间的定量关系.实验器材取自日常生活,成本低廉,为学生课后自主探究创造了条件.对培养学生的创新意识、发展学生的自主学习能力和独立研究能力有重要的意义,有利于学生从被动学习转变为自主、合作、探究的学习范式.

基于手机Vernier Video Physics APP的物理实验教学研究——以研究斜抛运动为例

将智能手机APP功能应用到中学物理教学实践中,已成为教师激发学生学习兴趣和培养学生动手能力的新途径.利用Vernier Video Physics研究了实际生活中最常见的投篮过程中篮球的运动.作为二维斜抛运动的特例,得到了篮球运动的轨迹图以及两个方向上的x-t和v-t图像.通过对图像的分析提高学生对这些运动的深刻认识,解决了传统教学中学生很难理解将曲线运动分解到两个方向的直线运动,使得教学更具可视化.将现代化教学设备应用到课堂教学,提高学生处理、分析图像的能力,体现了核心素养对高中物理教学的基本要求.

手机Vernier Video Physics App在物理实验探究中的应用

信息技术与物理教学的融合是当今物理教育的热点。利用手机Vernier Video Physics App研究自由落体运动和单摆运动,对小球进行逐帧追踪定位,实时创建出小球做自由落体运动及单摆运动的相关运动图像并进行数据拟合,简便、高效、直观地揭示物体运动规律,促进学生对物理概念和规律的理解,为教师辅助传统实验教学及学生课外自主探究提供了有力工具。

Remedial Phase-Angle Control of a Five-Phase Fault-Tolerant Permanent- Magnet Vernier Machine With Short-Circuit Fault

A fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier(FT-PMV)machine incorporates the merits of high fault-tolerant capability and high torque density.In this paper,a remedial phase-angle control(RPAC)strategy is proposed for a five-phase FT-PMV machine with short-circuit fault.Firstly,the proposed strategy can reduce the amount of unknown quantities by structuring the phase-angles of the normal phases.It can simplify the calculation of the remedial currents.Then,in order to obtain the desired torque,only the amplitudes of the remedial currents need to be calculated.Based on the principle of instantaneous electrical input power and mechanical output power balance condition,the real components are used to maintain the torque capability,while the reactive components are limited zero to minimize the torque ripple.Both simulations and experiments are presented to verify the proposed RPAC strategy.

Single-Stage Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter with Sub-Gate Delay Time Resolution

This paperpresents a single-stage Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter (VTDC) that utilizes the dynamic-logic phase detector. The zero dead-zone characteristic of this phase detector allows for the single-stage VTDC to deliver sub-gate delay time resolution. The single-stage VTDC has been designed in 0.13μm CMOS technology. The simulation results demonstrate a linear input-output characteristic for input dynamic range from 0 to 1.6ns with a time resolution of 25ps.

巧用Vernier传感器的实验探究教学片段

数字化实验对于化学教与学的价值越来越受到化学工作者的重视。借由一次市公开课的机会,作者开设了以电影《流浪地球》为素材的主题式复习课,其中设计了一个特色环节:给集气瓶“穿上毛衣”,然后巧用Vernier传感器创设问题情景,先以宇航服材料的选择引发认知冲突,再通过数字化实验探究羊毛和化纤的隔热及保温效果,最终引导出“虽然性质决定用途,但还需要考虑诸多因素”的思想。通过质疑激发了学生的学习兴趣,质疑并思考是促进学生思维发展的重要方式,也是培养化学核心素养中“证据推理”的必要环节。学生通过数字化实验探究和分析讨论,在解决问题的过程中发展思维,内化素养。

Vernier阳极探测器及其电子读出电路的设计

介绍基于一维游标阳极的紫外单光子计数成像探测系统及其信号预处理电路的原理,重点设计和制作了一维游标阳极探测器的前端电子读出电路,用以探测脉宽100~200 ms,电荷量为1~20 pc的脉冲。通过使用自己实验室搭建的单光子计数成像系统对电子读出电路进行了测试。测试结果表明,电子读出电路能够满足探测系统的成像要求,并在实验中利用电路对掩膜板成像,成功获得了灰度图像。

A low dead time vernier delay line TDC implemented in an actel flash-based FPGA

In this paper,a high precision vernier delay line(VDL) TDC(Time-to-Digital Convertor) in an actel flash-based Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays A3PE1500 is implemented,achieving a resolution of 16.4-ps root mean square value or 42-ps averaged bin size.The TDC has a dead time of about 200 ns while the dynamic range is 655.36 μs.The double delay lines method is employed to cut the dead time in half to improve its performance.As the bin size of the TDC is dependent on temperature,a compensation algorithm is adopted as temperature drift correction,and the TDC shows satisfying performance in a temperature range from –5℃ to +55℃.

Fundamental study on short range measurement using RF time of flight based on Vernier effect

Recognizing the position of moving objects, facilities or important equipments has been regarded as a hot issue in the future environment which needs ubiquitous characteristics. Furthermore, it is indispensably needed to acquire location data in order to realize an infrastructure of sensor network system. Namely, distance data are the preliminary information to complete localization of a moving object in local area. Even though there have been several researches on this topic, there are however still much amount of problems in getting precisely exact distance data. Out of them, the research on using TOF (Time-of-flight) is very few as well as could be thought of as a cutting-edge technique. Moreover, it is very difficult to get minutely RF signal's TOF for getting short distance data; that is, very complicated signal processing skills are requested for realizing it. In this paper, we present a new methodology of RF short ranging technique based on vernier effect through using of heterogeneous operating clocks.

Dynamic OADM Using Tunable Sampled Bragg Gratings Based on Vernier Effect

A novel dynamic optical add-drop multiplexer(OADM) scheme using tunable sampled fiber Bragg gratings(SFBG) by Vernier effect is firstly proposed. In this scheme, broad wavelength tuning range is achieved by only slightly adjusting the SFBG, the wavelength tuning of OADM will be faster than traditional dynamic OADM.