The characteristics of vertical crustal movement in Chinese mainland are studied, and the ideas and principles for dividing active blocks according to the map of recent vertical crustal deformation rate in China is pr...The characteristics of vertical crustal movement in Chinese mainland are studied, and the ideas and principles for dividing active blocks according to the map of recent vertical crustal deformation rate in China is proposed. As a result, Chinese mainland is divided into 2 first-grade blocks, the east and west block, 6 second-grade blocks, the Northeast China, North China, East China, Xizang (Tibet), Gansu-Qinghai-Xizang (Gan-Qing-Zang) and Xinjiang block, and 16 third-grade blocks. The boundaries of active blocks divided in this paper are generally consistent with the pattern of neotectonic movement with some local difference. It shows that the recent crustal activity in Chinese mainland inherits the neotectonic movement occurred since the Quaternary, while some new activity tendencies appear.展开更多
Vertical cycle karst zone has been studied for more than 100 years, however karst subzones in the zone have never been divided and affected depth of CO2 from rainwater in the zone has never been studied. On the basis ...Vertical cycle karst zone has been studied for more than 100 years, however karst subzones in the zone have never been divided and affected depth of CO2 from rainwater in the zone has never been studied. On the basis of field observation, survey and chemical analysis, the difference of karst processes indicated by CaCO3 and pH values in fine and loose sedimentary strata as well as limestone strata, and the vertical cycle zone ascertained by predecessors can be divided into three subzones, that is, the upper first subzone, characterized by unsaturated water solution and strong dissolution processes, the middle second subzone, characterized by supersaturated water solution and precipitation, and the lower third subzone, characterized by unstable water solution and weak dissolution or weak precipitation. The three subzones can indicate the vertical CO2 cycle. In fine and loose sediment strata, the bottom of the first subzone is the lower boundary strongly influenced by CO2 from rainwater, soil and air; all CO2 from rainwater, soil and air is almost exhausted in the second subzone. In the early developmental period of karst process in limestone strata, karst funnels and vertical caves do not form, vertical seeping of rainwater and soil water is very slow, and CO2 from soil, rainwater and air almost can reach the third subzone, but in the middle and late developmental periods, karst funnels and vertical caves occur, CO2 from soil, rainwater and air can reach deep seasonal change zone and horizontal cycle zone and quicken development of karst morphology. Deep karst morphology near groundwater level under vertical cycle zone develops better in the middle and late periods of karst process.展开更多
The paper expounds the characteristics of the verticaldistribution of agrotopoclimatic resources in the warm sectors of the Three Gorges area of theChangjiang (Yangtze) River, sets up models of vertical distribution o...The paper expounds the characteristics of the verticaldistribution of agrotopoclimatic resources in the warm sectors of the Three Gorges area of theChangjiang (Yangtze) River, sets up models of vertical distribution of resources, and make a vertical division of the agrotopoclimate. Mean temperature presents a linear decrease with increasing altitude. In general, the mean annual maximum temperature and the mean annual munimum temperature decrease with the altitude increase especially, the absolute minimum temperature presents an indictal decline. Days of high temperature decrease with the altitude increase and days of low temperature in reverse. Accumulated temperature and days of agricultural threshold temperature have negative relation with the height. Both annual sunshine hours and the sunshine hours between April and October present a linear decrease with increasing altitude. The precipitation in sectors above 300m increases with increasing altitude, but the precipitation in sectors below 300m goes in reverse. Annual change of precipitation has typical characteristics of East Asia monsoon climate with two peaks. In lower warm sectors the aridity index decreases with increasing altitude while in upper sectors it increases with the altitude Increase. Nine indices of vertical division are selected to make a quantitative division ofagrotopoclimate.展开更多
There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudsto...There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.展开更多
下一代宽带无线通信系统的核心技术MIMO—OFDM（Multiple—Input Multiple—Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）能显著提高系统的容量，但要获得该技术所带来的性能优势，快速、准确的信道估计是关键。为降低V—BLAST...下一代宽带无线通信系统的核心技术MIMO—OFDM（Multiple—Input Multiple—Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）能显著提高系统的容量，但要获得该技术所带来的性能优势，快速、准确的信道估计是关键。为降低V—BLASTOFDM（Vertical—Bell Laboratory Layered Space—Time Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）系统中信道估计的运算复杂度和提高估计精度，提出了一种基于CAZAC（Constant Amplitude Zero Auto CorrelatiOn）序列的信道估计方法。该方法避免了矩阵求逆运算，利用该序列良好的自相关性，通过相关运算明显的抑制了噪声对估计性能的影响，使信道估计的性能得以显著提高。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明．该方法较传统信道估计算法而言，能显著提高系统性能。展开更多
Center wavelength shift of vertical cavity surface emitting laser light in arrayed waveguide gratings is verified with mathematical and experimental analysis.It is induced by the linearly increasing trend of optical p...Center wavelength shift of vertical cavity surface emitting laser light in arrayed waveguide gratings is verified with mathematical and experimental analysis.It is induced by the linearly increasing trend of optical power of vertical cavity surface emitting laser by bias current increase.It is retrieved effectively to the original center wavelength by simple correction method of compensation.This was done for application of vertical cavity surface emitting laser as a light source in optical line terminal of wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network.展开更多
As the combining form of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture, the V-BLAST OFDM system can better meet the demand of next...As the combining form of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture, the V-BLAST OFDM system can better meet the demand of next-generation (NextG) broadband mobile wireless multimedia communications. The symbols detection problem of the V-BLAST OFDM system is investigated under the frequency-selective fading environment. The joint space-frequency demultiplexing operation is proposed in the V-BLAST OFDM system. Successively, one novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme for the V-BLAST OFDM system is proposed. By elegantly exploiting the above rotational invariance property, we derive one direct symbols detection scheme without knowing channels state information (CSI) for the frequency-selective V-BLAST OFDM system. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the validity of the novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme and the performance of the direct symbols detection scheme.展开更多
基金The developing and programming project G19980407 of National Key Basic Researches.
文摘The characteristics of vertical crustal movement in Chinese mainland are studied, and the ideas and principles for dividing active blocks according to the map of recent vertical crustal deformation rate in China is proposed. As a result, Chinese mainland is divided into 2 first-grade blocks, the east and west block, 6 second-grade blocks, the Northeast China, North China, East China, Xizang (Tibet), Gansu-Qinghai-Xizang (Gan-Qing-Zang) and Xinjiang block, and 16 third-grade blocks. The boundaries of active blocks divided in this paper are generally consistent with the pattern of neotectonic movement with some local difference. It shows that the recent crustal activity in Chinese mainland inherits the neotectonic movement occurred since the Quaternary, while some new activity tendencies appear.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571004 Project of Key Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR, No.2004-05 Project of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS, No.SKLLQG0504
文摘Vertical cycle karst zone has been studied for more than 100 years, however karst subzones in the zone have never been divided and affected depth of CO2 from rainwater in the zone has never been studied. On the basis of field observation, survey and chemical analysis, the difference of karst processes indicated by CaCO3 and pH values in fine and loose sedimentary strata as well as limestone strata, and the vertical cycle zone ascertained by predecessors can be divided into three subzones, that is, the upper first subzone, characterized by unsaturated water solution and strong dissolution processes, the middle second subzone, characterized by supersaturated water solution and precipitation, and the lower third subzone, characterized by unstable water solution and weak dissolution or weak precipitation. The three subzones can indicate the vertical CO2 cycle. In fine and loose sediment strata, the bottom of the first subzone is the lower boundary strongly influenced by CO2 from rainwater, soil and air; all CO2 from rainwater, soil and air is almost exhausted in the second subzone. In the early developmental period of karst process in limestone strata, karst funnels and vertical caves do not form, vertical seeping of rainwater and soil water is very slow, and CO2 from soil, rainwater and air almost can reach the third subzone, but in the middle and late developmental periods, karst funnels and vertical caves occur, CO2 from soil, rainwater and air can reach deep seasonal change zone and horizontal cycle zone and quicken development of karst morphology. Deep karst morphology near groundwater level under vertical cycle zone develops better in the middle and late periods of karst process.
文摘The paper expounds the characteristics of the verticaldistribution of agrotopoclimatic resources in the warm sectors of the Three Gorges area of theChangjiang (Yangtze) River, sets up models of vertical distribution of resources, and make a vertical division of the agrotopoclimate. Mean temperature presents a linear decrease with increasing altitude. In general, the mean annual maximum temperature and the mean annual munimum temperature decrease with the altitude increase especially, the absolute minimum temperature presents an indictal decline. Days of high temperature decrease with the altitude increase and days of low temperature in reverse. Accumulated temperature and days of agricultural threshold temperature have negative relation with the height. Both annual sunshine hours and the sunshine hours between April and October present a linear decrease with increasing altitude. The precipitation in sectors above 300m increases with increasing altitude, but the precipitation in sectors below 300m goes in reverse. Annual change of precipitation has typical characteristics of East Asia monsoon climate with two peaks. In lower warm sectors the aridity index decreases with increasing altitude while in upper sectors it increases with the altitude Increase. Nine indices of vertical division are selected to make a quantitative division ofagrotopoclimate.
基金supported by the National Important Basic Research and Development Program(973)(Grant No.2001CB209104).
文摘There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.
文摘下一代宽带无线通信系统的核心技术MIMO—OFDM（Multiple—Input Multiple—Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）能显著提高系统的容量，但要获得该技术所带来的性能优势，快速、准确的信道估计是关键。为降低V—BLASTOFDM（Vertical—Bell Laboratory Layered Space—Time Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）系统中信道估计的运算复杂度和提高估计精度，提出了一种基于CAZAC（Constant Amplitude Zero Auto CorrelatiOn）序列的信道估计方法。该方法避免了矩阵求逆运算，利用该序列良好的自相关性，通过相关运算明显的抑制了噪声对估计性能的影响，使信道估计的性能得以显著提高。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明．该方法较传统信道估计算法而言，能显著提高系统性能。
基金The Korea Communications Commissions,Government Funded Project(Low-cost and high-capacity NG-PON2 core technology for next generation multi-service applicable access platform)
文摘Center wavelength shift of vertical cavity surface emitting laser light in arrayed waveguide gratings is verified with mathematical and experimental analysis.It is induced by the linearly increasing trend of optical power of vertical cavity surface emitting laser by bias current increase.It is retrieved effectively to the original center wavelength by simple correction method of compensation.This was done for application of vertical cavity surface emitting laser as a light source in optical line terminal of wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network.
文摘As the combining form of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture, the V-BLAST OFDM system can better meet the demand of next-generation (NextG) broadband mobile wireless multimedia communications. The symbols detection problem of the V-BLAST OFDM system is investigated under the frequency-selective fading environment. The joint space-frequency demultiplexing operation is proposed in the V-BLAST OFDM system. Successively, one novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme for the V-BLAST OFDM system is proposed. By elegantly exploiting the above rotational invariance property, we derive one direct symbols detection scheme without knowing channels state information (CSI) for the frequency-selective V-BLAST OFDM system. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the validity of the novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme and the performance of the direct symbols detection scheme.
