Responses of Vertical Structures in Convective and Stratiform Regions to Large-Scale Forcing during the Landfall of Severe Tropical Storm Bilis (2006)

The responses of vertical structures, in convective and stratiform regions, to the large-scale forcing during the landfall of tropical storm Bilis （2006） are investigated using the data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. An imposed large-scale forcing with upward motion in the mid and upper troposphere and downward motion in the lower troposphere on 15 July suppresses convective clouds, which leads to -100% coverage of raining stratiform clouds over the entire model domain. The imposed forcing extends upward motion to the lower troposphere during 16-17 July, which leads to an enhancement of convective clouds and suppression of raining stratiform clouds. The switch of large-scale lower-tropospheric vertical velocity from weak downward motion on 15 July to moderate upward motion during 16-17 July produces a much broader distribution of the vertical velocity, water vapor and hydrometeor fluxes, perturbation specific humidity, and total hydrometeor mixing ratio during 16-17 July than those on 15 July in the analysis of contoured frequency-altitude diagrams. Further analysis of the water vapor budget reveals that local atmospheric moistening is mainly caused by the enhancement of evaporation of rain associated with downward motion on 15 July, whereas local atmospheric drying is mainly determined by the advective drying associated with downward motion over raining stratiform regions and by the net condensation associated with upward motion over convective regions during 16-17 July.

A high precision profilometer based on vertical scanning microscopic interferometry

A profilometer used for 3 dimension measurement of micro-surface topography is presented. The instrument is based on the vertical scanning microscopic interferometry （VSMI）. A Linnik type interference microscope is used and the interferograms which present changes of surface profile are recorded with a CCD camera. A developed nano-positioning work stage with an integrated optical grating displacement measuring system realizes the precise vertical scanning motion during profile measurement. By a white-light phase shifting algorithm of arbitrary step, frames of interferograms are processed by a computer to rebuild and evaluate the measured profile. Because of the specialty of VSMI, the profilometer is suitable for both smooth and rough surface measurement. It can also be used to measure curved surfaces, dimension of micro electro mechanical systems （MEMS）, etc. The vertical resolution of the profilometer is 0.5 nm, and lateral resolution 0.5 μm.

The Influence of Weakly-Nonlinear Vertical Advection on the Wind Field of PBL with Large-Scale Orography

The analytical solutions of the PBL wind distribution under the equilibrium of four forces including both horizontal and vertical advections are obtained in this paper using small parameter method. Utilizing this simple PBL model, we also compute the wind spirals of a certain circular vortex over level ground and over a west-east ranged mountain, respectively. The results show that when there exsits large-scale orographic forcing,vertical advection may exert considerable influence on the wind distribution of PBL, the angle between geostrophic flow and surface wind, and the height of the top of PBL.

A Study of Precision Factors of Large-scale Object Surface Profile Laser Scanning Measurement

In this paper, we presented a method of using the l as er scanning triangulation for the non-contact 3D surface profile measurement of large-scale object. The characteristic of large-scale object non-contact mea surement is analyzed and the measuring method is proposed. Main factors influenc ing measurement precision such as image distortion and accurate designation of s peckle center are analyzed and methods of solving these problems are proposed. W e designed a combined filter by which the pulse noise and the Gaussian noise of speckle image can be eliminated efficiently. Using the characteristic of intensi ty distribution of laser speckle image we proposed a new approximating method th at could locate the center of laser speckle image at sub-pixel. The auxiliary v ariables are set to linearize the relationship between the image displacement an d the distance, the accurate values of laser triangulation system parameters cou ld be calibrated accurately and the measuring precision is increased remarkabl y. Using the above techniques we designed a measuring system based on laser sc anning triangulation. The results of the experiment show that these methods can raise the measuring precision of large-scale 3D surface profile effectively.

Secondary electron emission yield from vertical graphene nanosheets by helicon plasma deposition

The secondary electron emission yields of materials depend on the geometries of their surface structures.In this paper,a method of depositing vertical graphene nanosheet(VGN)on the surface of the material is proposed,and the secondary electron emission(SEE)characteristics for the VGN structure are studied.The COMSOL simulation and the scanning electron microscope(SEM)image analysis are carried out to study the secondary electron yield(SEY).The effect of aspect ratio and packing density of VGN on SEY under normal incident condition are studied.The results show that the VGN structure has a good effect on suppressing SEE.

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

Nanoparticles provide great advantages but also great risks. Risks associating with nanoparticles are the problem of all technologies, but they increase in many times in nanotechnologies. Adequate methods of outgoing production inspection are necessary to solve the problem of risks, and the inspection must be based on the safety standard. Existing safety standard results from a principle of “maximum permissible concentrations or MPC”. This principle is not applicable to nanoparticles, but a safety standard reflecting risks inherent in nanoparticles doesn’t exist. Essence of the risks is illustrated by the example from pharmacology, since its safety assurance is conceptually based on MPC and it has already come against this problem. Possible formula of safety standard for nanoparticles is reflected in many publications, but conventional inspection methods cannot provide its realization, and this gap is an obstacle to assumption of similar formulas. Therefore the development of nanoparticle industry as a whole (also development of the pharmacology in particular) is impossible without the creation of an adequate inspection method. There are suggested new inspection methods founded on the new physical principle and satisfying to the adequate safety standard for nanoparticles. These methods demonstrate that creation of the adequate safety standard and the outgoing production inspection in a large-scale manufacturing of nanoparticles are the solvable problems. However there is a great distance between the physical principle and its hardware realization, and a transition from the principle to the hardware demands great intellectual and material costs. Therefore it is desirable to call attention of the public at large to the necessity of urgent expansions of investigations associated with outgoing inspections in nanoparticles technologies. It is necessary also to attract attention, first, of representatives of state structures controlling approvals of the adequate safety standard to this problem, since it is impossible to compel producers providing the safety without the similar standard, and, second, of leaders of pharmacological industry, since their industry already entered into the nanotechnology era, and they have taken an interest in a forthcoming development of inspection methods.

基于扫描旋转同步运动的三维成像方法

为满足在役战机隐身性能的快速检测需求,提出了一种基于垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动的三维成像方法。成像系统主要由射频收发设备、收发天线对、竖直方向导轨、转台和数据处理终端构成。天线发射频率步进信号时,对转台上的被测目标进行水平旋转,同时,收发天线对在垂直方向上扫描被测目标。以点目标组合为例,通过理论分析和仿真计算,确定该成像系统的参数配置,比较不同参数配置下系统的三维成像性能。仿真结果表明:采用垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动方法能够实现三维成像,该方法与经典圆柱面扫描方法相比,扫描时间可缩短92%,同时保持11 dB峰值旁瓣比率。所提方法具有测试效率高、系统搭建简单、易于调节的特点,为服役阶段的隐身飞机散射源诊断提供了一种有效的测量方法选择。

T-ScanⅢ应用于牙根纵裂患者咬合特征分析的初步研究

目的:探讨牙根纵裂(vertical root fractures,VRF)发生的牙合因素。方法:应用T-ScanⅢ咬合分析仪对8例VRF患者及个别正常牙合者分别进行正中及侧方咬合记录,定量数据牙合力百分比值(tooth occlusal force percent-ages,T-FP)、双侧牙合力百分比值(two sides force percentages,TS-FP)、牙合力不对称指数(asymmetry index of occlusal force,AOF)、闭合时间(occlusion time,OT)、侧方牙合分离时间(disclusion time,DT)采用配对资料的符号秩和检验分析,定性数据早接触、牙合力中心点(center of force,COF)位置及偏移方向采用Fisher确切概率法检验分析,检验水准α=0.05,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果:VRF组T-FP、AOF、OT、DT大于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组COF位置差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),TS-FP、早接触发生率、COF偏移方向差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:VRF患者全口牙合力分布不均衡,双侧牙合力分布不对称,牙合接触稳定性差。

三维激光扫描技术在高层建筑施工质量监测中的应用

在高层建筑施工时,建筑施工的偏差检测是建筑工程质量验收的重点部分。针对传统监测方法存在工作量大、数据单一等问题,提出一种基于三维激光扫描技术的施工偏差检测方法。以山东科技大学图书信息中心为研究对象,通过三维扫描采集得到的点云模型与BIM模型进行对比,得出施工与设计偏差,用于指导施工。该监测方法是三维激光扫描BIM技术的新应用,也是对BIM技术的补充,同样还是三维激光扫描技术在高层建筑施工方面的拓展。

Cardinality Estimator:Processing SQL with a Vertical Scanning Convolutional Neural Network

Although the popular database systems perform well on query optimization,they still face poor query execution plans when the join operations across multiple tables are complex.Bad execution planning usually results in bad cardinality estimations.The cardinality estimation models in traditional databases cannot provide high-quality estimation,because they are not capable of capturing the correlation between multiple tables in an effective fashion.Recently,the state-of-the-art learning-based cardinality estimation is estimated to work better than the traditional empirical methods.Basically,they used deep neural networks to compute the relationships and correlations of tables.In this paper,we propose a vertical scanning convolutional neural network(abbreviated as VSCNN)to capture the relationships between words in the word vector in order to generate a feature map.The proposed learning-based cardinality estimator converts Structured Query Language(SQL)queries from a sentence to a word vector and we encode table names in the one-hot encoding method and the samples into bitmaps,separately,and then merge them to obtain enough semantic information from data samples.In particular,the feature map obtained by VSCNN contains semantic information including tables,joins,and predicates about SQL queries.Importantly,in order to improve the accuracy of cardinality estimation,we propose the negative sampling method for training the word vector by gradient descent from the base table and compress it into a bitmap.Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the estimation quality of q-error of the proposed vertical scanning convolutional neural network based model is reduced by at least 14.6%when compared with the estimators in traditional databases.

Computer generated hologram from full-parallax 3D image data captured by scanning vertical camera array(Invited Paper)

Full-parallax light-field is captured by a small-scale 3D image scanning system and applied to holographic display. A vertical camera array is scanned horizontally to capture full-parallax imagery, and the vertical views between cameras are interpolated by depth image-based rendering technique. An improved technique for depth estimation reduces the estimation error and high-density light-field is obtained. The captured data is employed for the calculation of computer hologram using ray-sampling plane. This technique enables high-resolution display even in deep 3D scene although a hologram is calculated from ray information, and thus it makes use of the important advantage of holographic 3D display.

Dispersion of particles in the coatings characterized by laser scanning confocal micrscopy(LSCM) I:Vertical dispersion of particles in the coatings and the weathering property studied by orthogonal analysis method of LSCM

Two kinds of TiO_2 filled epoxy coatings were designed and prepared to obtain pigments with different dispersion degrees of TiO_2 particles.Laser scanning confocal microscope(LSCM)was used to investigate both the horizontal and vertical distributions of TiO_2 particles in the coatings.The results indicated that TiO_2 in the two samples shared considerable similarity in horizental dispersion,but exhibited great difference in vertical dispersion.TiO_2 showed uniform vertical distribution in disp coating,wheras a gap about 1.1μm was found in the non-disp coating,which significantly influenced the surface optical properties of the coatings during weathering.Based on the confocal data,the model of dispersion of pigments in the coatings was proposed and the change of surface properties during weathering was predicted:the surface optical properties showed an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase,which was in good agreement with the weathering data.

爆破漏斗体积测量方法比较与应用研究

针对传统爆破漏斗体积测量方法在测量精度和效率上的不足,对传统基准平面垂直断面法进行了改进,并以高峰矿深部矿体单孔爆破漏斗试验为例,分别采用三维激光扫描法与改进基准平面垂直断面法测量其体积,综合对比结果表明,三维激光扫描法在测量精度、效率以及操作性上均有较大优势。研究内容为爆破漏斗体积的精准测量提供了一种新思路。

垂直管理理念应用于卵巢癌患者CT扫描护理中的效果

目的研究垂直管理理念应用于卵巢癌患者CT扫描护理中的效果。方法选取63例接受CT扫描的卵巢癌患者,根据护理方案进行分组,对照组31例采用常规护理,研究组32例于对照组基础上加以垂直管理理念。比较两组准备时间、检查时间、图像合格率、不良事件发生情况及护理满意度。结果研究组的准备时间、检查时间短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组图像合格率为96.88%,高于对照组的80.65%(P<0.05);研究组不良事件发生率为3.13%,低于对照组的22.58%(P<0.05);研究组服务态度、检查环境、护理技能及情感体验各项满意度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论垂直管理理念应用于卵巢癌患者CT扫描护理中,能有效缩短患者的检查时间,提升图像合格率,减少不良事件发生,护理满意度高,值得临床推广应用。

基于FDTD的高深宽比沟槽结构低相干显微干涉信号仿真分析

低相干垂直扫描干涉技术是微结构形貌特征参数无损检测的有效手段。但当微结构的沟槽深宽比高于5∶1时,遮挡效应以及阶跃边缘复杂的衍射效应会导致本应仅包含一个包络的垂直扫描测量干涉信号异常,形成两个甚至多个包络,继而影响形貌检测结果。本文解析低相干垂直扫描干涉的测量过程,采用时域有限差分法对低相干显微干涉测量系统的显微成像、相干扫描测量过程进行数值仿真,计算待测微结构表面返回场及显微成像后的像面干涉场,得到低相干显微干涉信号。分别仿真了深宽比为5∶1、80∶3的硅基沟槽微结构的干涉信号,并与实验室自研的Linnik型低相干垂直扫描干涉系统对沟槽微结构的检测信号进行对比,匹配其高深宽比沟槽结构干涉信号的双包络及幅频双峰性的特征,验证所提方法的准确性。该仿真方法可应用于实测前对被测结构低相干显微干涉信号的先验性仿真计算,通过提前分析信号特征,为形貌复原算法的选取及改进指引优化方向。

扫描白光干涉技术在硅片检焦过程中的应用

晶圆检测设备常采用机器视觉方法采集晶圆图像,但基于光谱共焦位移传感器的调焦系统测量精度低、鲁棒性差,基于三角测量原理的调焦系统虽精度足够高,但硅片表面图案与沟槽会影响探测光路从而导致系统无法工作。针对这些问题,提出一种基于扫描白光干涉技术的调焦系统,以实现对于不同工艺属性硅片焦面位置的快速精准测量。此检焦系统首先进行相机最佳焦面位置与PZT零光程差位置之间垂向距离的标定,使得在检焦测量时可将零光程差位置作为检出对象,极大地提高了检出速度,并且在零光程差位置定位时,根据干涉波形的形状自适应选择定位算法,提高了检焦系统的工艺适应性。实验结果表明,对于单峰波形和双峰且双峰半分离波形,重心法处理得到的焦面位置的平均绝对误差分别为20 nm和56.1 nm,而包络法则有38 nm和56.2 nm,并且重心法处理耗时在1 ms之内,包络法则需25 ms左右,故选用重心法作为零光程差定位算法。对于双峰且双峰完全融合波形和双峰且双峰完全分离波形,重心法处理得到的焦面位置的平均绝对误差分别为20.3 nm和17.8 nm,而包络法则有13.2 nm和15.8 nm,故选用包络法作为零光程差定位算法。模板匹配法对于4种波形的处理精度最高,在模板形状确定的情况下使用。文中所提系统的焦面测量结果最大平均绝对误差仅为57 nm,最小可达到8 nm,有较强的实际应用意义。

减数拔牙后正畸治疗中断情况下牙齿漂移的研究

目的比较不同类型患者减数拔牙后正畸治疗中断1.5月(45 d)后牙齿漂移的程度。方法本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。选取已拔双侧前磨牙但因故未按时进行粘接托槽治疗的84例患者为研究对象。对患者的口腔上下颌模型进行三维扫描、重建和测量,根据患者的拔牙牙位(第一前磨牙或第二前磨牙)、颌骨类型(上颌或下颌)、垂直骨面型(均角、高角或低角)将其分为12组,应用多因素方差分析减数拔牙之后治疗中断1.5月情况下以下5项指标的变化,包括前牙拥挤度、尖牙间宽度、磨牙间宽度、拔牙间隙、前牙覆。结果拔牙牙位、颌骨类型、垂直骨面型对减数拔牙后1.5个月拔牙间隙的减小量、前牙拥挤度的减小量有影响(P<0.001),拔牙牙位和垂直骨面型对前牙覆增加量有影响(P<0.001)。拔除第一前磨牙的患者相对于拔除第二前磨牙的患者双侧邻牙的漂移明显(P<0.001),上颌双侧邻牙漂移较下颌明显(P<0.001),高角的患者较均角及低角的患者双侧邻牙漂移量明显(P<0.001)。结论对于正畸患者,如果存在上颌减数、第一前磨牙减数、垂直骨面型为高角的情况,拔牙双侧邻牙容易漂移,应该在减数拔牙后及时正畸治疗,并且注意支抗的控制。

基于SVMD-HD去噪的白光干涉解调算法

垂直扫描白光干涉法(VSWLI)是一种非接触式三维表面轮廓测量方法。蝙蝠翼作为VSWLI当中一种固有的缺陷,尤其在被测样品的台阶高度小于光源的相干长度时,台阶边缘处的蝙蝠翼尤为显著。相移干涉法不存在这种缺陷,但是存在相位模糊的问题。提出一种将Carré等步长相移算法与快速傅里叶变换(FFT)相干峰值检测技术相结合的白光干涉解调算法。该算法基于逐次变分模态分解(SVMD)与Hausdorff距离(HD)联合去噪。分别以高度为500 nm和1200 nm的连续台阶器件和高度为10μm的标准台阶作为测试样品,进行实验测量验证。所提出的算法能够有效地抑制台阶高度跳变处的蝙蝠翼,克服相位模糊问题。

Controlled Vertical Transfer of Individual Au Atoms Using a Surface Supported Carbon Radical for Atomically Precise Manufacturing

To explore a proof-of-concept for atomically precise manufacturing(APM)using scanning probe microscopy(SPM),first principle theoretical calculations of atom-by-atom transfer from the apex of an SPM tip to an individual radical on a surfacebound organic molecule have been performed.Atom transfer is achieved by spatially controlled motion of a gold terminated tip to the radical.Two molecular tools for SPM-based APM have been designed and investigated,each comprising an adamantane core,a radical end group,and trithiol linkers to enable strong chemisorption on the Au(111)surface:ethynyl-adamantanetrithiol and adamantyl-trithiol.We demonstrate the details of controlled Au atom abstraction during tip approach toward and retraction from the radical species.Upon approach of the tip,the apical Au atom undergoes a transfer toward the carbon radical at a clearly defined threshold separation.This atomic displacement is accompanied by a net energy gain of the system in the range−0.5 to−1.5 eV,depending on the radical structure.In the case of a triangular pyramidal apex model,two tip configurations are possible after the tip atom displacement:(1)an Au atom is abstracted from the tip and bound to the C radical,not bound to the tip base anymore,and(2)apical tip atoms rearrange to form a continuous neck between the tip and radical.In the second case,subsequent tip retraction leads to the same final configuration as the first,with the abstracted Au atom bound to radical carbon atom of the molecular tool.For the less reactive adamantyl-trithiol radical molecular tool,Au atom transfer is less energetically favored,but this has the advantage of avoiding other apex gold atoms from rearrangement.

仿古建筑双曲面金属屋面施工技术

以德寿宫遗址保护展示工程项目双曲面金属屋面为实例,分析了异形双曲面直立锁边屋面的特点及施工过程中面临的一系列问题,结合BIM技术、三维扫描技术,通过合理地优化设计与施工方案对比选择,有效改进屋面弧形、节点的处理方法,解决了金属屋面造型结构复杂、施工精度要求高等难题。通过采取针对性的质量控制措施,保证了屋面工程质量,为类似的仿古建筑项目提供了经验。