On the Influence of Vortex-Induced Resistance on Oil-Shale Particle-Slurry Flow in Vertical Pipes

The transportation in vertical pipelines of particle slurry of oil shale has important applications in several fields(marine mining,hydraulic mining,dredging of river reservoir,etc.).However,there is still a lack of information about the behavior of coarse particles in comparison to that of fine particles.For this reason,experiments on the fluidization and hydraulic lifting of coarse oil shale particles have been carried out.The experimental data for three kinds of particles with an average size of 5 mm,15 mm and 25 mm clearly demonstrate that vortices can be formed behind the particles.On this basis,a vortex resistance factor K is proposed here to describe this effect.A possible correlation law is defined by means of a data fitting method accordingly.This law is validated by an experiment employing particles with an average size of 3.4 mm.The vortex resistance factor K results in a reduction of the speed of solid particles and an increase in the sliding speed as well as a decrease in the hydraulic gradient.As a result,using this factor,the calculation of the solid particle speed and hydraulic gradient can be made more accurate with respect to measured values.

Numerical Simulations of Liquid-Solid Flows in A Vertical Pipe by MPS-DEM Coupling Method

In the process of deep-sea mining,the liquid-solid flows in the vertical transportation pipeline are very complex.In the present work,an in-house solver MPSDEM-SJTU based on the improved MPS and DEM is developed for the simulation of hydraulic conveying.Firstly,three examples including the multilayer cylinder collapse,the Poiseuille flow and two-phase dam-break are used to validate the precision of the DEM model,the pipe flow model and MPS-DEM coupling model,respectively.Then,the hydraulic conveying with coarse particles in a vertical pipe is simulated.The solid particle distribution is presented and investigated in detail.Finally,the coupling method is successfully applied for the simulation of the liquid-solid flows in a vertical pipe with rotating blades,which shows the stability of the solver under rotating boundary conditions.This fully Lagrangian model is expected to be a new approach for analyzing hydraulic conveying.

An Investigation on the Void Fraction for upward Gas-Liquid Slug Flow in Vertical Pipe

In order to investigate the influence of the entrance effect on the spatial distribution of phases, the experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in a vertical pipe of 0.03m ID were carried out by using optical probes and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer. It demonstrates that the radial profile of slug flow void fraction is parabolic. Influenced by the falling liquid film, the radial profile curve of liquid slug void fraction in the wake region is also parabolic. Since fully turbulent velocity distribution is built up in the developed region,the void fraction profile in this region is the saddle type. At given superficial liquid velocity, the liquid slug void fraction increases with gas velocity. The radial profiles of liquid slug void fraction at different axial locations are all saddle curves, but void fraction is obviously high around the centerline in the entrance region. The nearer the measuring station is from the entrance, the farther the peak location is away from the wall.

Dynamics of vertical pipe in deep-ocean mining system

A 3-D geometrical nonlinear model for the entire lift system of 1000-m sea trial system of China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association was established with finite element method.The model was utilized to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the vertical pipe under the influence of moving velocity,current direction and wave.The simulation results show that the axial stress is dominant on the vertical pipe,its maximum is located at the pipe top,all stresses are much less than the allowable value of the vertical pipe and joint;the heave motion leads to violent fluctuation of the force and stress,but a period of 8 s is not likely to resonate the present pipe;against the current,0.50 m/s is the suggested moving velocity of the ship and miner,while along the current,the moving velocity can be slightly higher than 0.75 m/s.

Preparation of Semisolid A356 Alloy Feedstock Cast via a Pipe Consisting of Partial Inclined and Partial Vertical Sections

In the present work, the microstructures of A356 feedstock cast via a pipe consisting of partial inclined and partial vertical sections were investigated. The experimental results indicate that semisolid feedstock with ideal microstructures can be obtained at higher temperatures 645℃ and above by the proposed process, and the solid shell inside the pipe can be avoided at the optimum pouring temperature. Thus the process is attractive for industrial applications. The slanted angle of inclined section has an influence on the optimum pouring temperature. That is, the bigger the slanted angle, the higher the optimum pouring temperature, but accordingly, the greater the possibility of solid shell occurring inside the pipe. Therefore, small slanted angle should be considered first on the premise of ensuring a certain nucleation. The formation of semisolid feedstock is owed to the coactions of wall nucleation and stirring resulting from fluid flow. The inclined section greatly affects nucleation, and the vertical section has an important effect on both nucleation and generating stirring.

AN ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF DENSE TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A VERTICAL PIPELINE

According to a mathematical model for dense two-phase flows presented in the previous pape[1],a dense two-phase flow in a vertical pipeline is analytically solved, and the analytic expressions of velocity of each continuous phase and dispersed phase are respectively derived. The results show that when the drag force between twophasesdepends linearly on their relative velocity, the relative velocity profile in the pipeline coincides with Darcy's law except for the thin layer region near the pipeline wall, and that the theoretical assumptions in the dense two-phase flow theory mentioned are reasonable.

A Comparative Study of Closure Relations for CFD Modelling of Bubbly Flow in a Vertical Pipe

Commercial code CFX was used to examine the performance of a two-fluid model to predict the details of upward isothermal bubbly flow of air and water in a vertical pipe. The model equations are volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations that require closure models for interfacial forces and bubble-induced turbulence effects. Two-equation SST and k-epsilon RANS turbulence models were also used. A parametric study of closure models included both standard options in CFX and previously published novel closure models that were implemented with user-defined functions. The CFD simulations were compared with two cases from the MTLoop experiments by Lucas et al. at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf: one with wall-peak void fraction profile (MT039), and another with a core-peak void fraction profile (MT118). The effect of changing the drag force closures was not significant for the set examined. Poor predictions were found when the lift force and wall lubrication models were incompatible in magnitude. There was no significant effect of changing the liquid phase turbulence model. Changing the bubble-induced turbulence models, however, had a significant impact on the radial void fraction profile. The novel wall force from Lubchenko et al. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology significantly improved the prediction of the near wall void fraction in the wall peak profile.

Methods for Reducing Seed Damage in the Technological Process of Cotton Processing

The article describes the transfer of cotton to the next technological process while preserving its natural properties during the initial processing process. The analysis of methods of reducing impact forces when removing displaced stones with cotton is analyzed. For this, it is based on the primary processing of cotton.