Effect of Three Extraction Methods on the Volatile Component of Illicium verum Hook.f.Analyzed by GC-MS

The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compared with one another and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. The quality parameters of star anise essential oil from SFE were close to that of those came from SD and SE. Although the extraction yield of star anise by SFE （9.2 %） was close to the value from SE （9.3%）, it was yet higher than that came from SD （8.2%）. For sensory evaluation, however, three oils were significantly different. The odor and taste of the products from SFE and SE were generally more natural and vivid than that came from distilled oil. The volatile compound revealed that significant differences of the composition existed in the distilled oil and the oleoresins prepared by SFE and SE.

Central nervous system activity of Illicium verum fruit extracts

Objective:To research the acute toxicity of Illicium verum(I.verum)fruit extracts and its action on central nervous system.Methods:The TLC and HPTLC techniques were used as fingerprints to determine the chemical components present in I.verum.Male albino rats and mice were utilized for study.The powdered material was successively extracted with n-hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet extractor.Acute toxicity studies were performed as per OECD guidelines.The CNS activity was evaluated on parameters of general behavior,sleeping pattern,locomotor activity,anxicty and myocoordination activity.The animals were trained for seven days prior to experiments and the divided into five groups with six animals in each.The drug was administered by intraperitoneal route according to body weight.The dosing was done as prescribed in each protocol.Results:Toxicity studies reported 2 000 mg/kg as toxicological dose and 1/10 of the same dose was taken as therapeutic dose Intraperitoneal injection of all extracts at dose of 200 mg prolonged phenobarbitone induced sleeping time,produced alteration in general behavior pattern,reduced locomotor activity and produced anxiolytic effects but the extracts do not significantly alter muscles coordination activity.The three extracts of I.verum at the dose of 200 mg,methanol extract was found to produce more prominent effects,then hexane and ethylacetate extracts.Conclusions:The observation suggested that the extracts of I. verum possess potent CNS depressant action and anxiolytic effect without interfering with motor coordination.

Component analysis of volatile oil from Illicium Verum Hook. f.

Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.

Effect of whole methanolic extract of Galium verum on AGO cell line

Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.

Essential Oils Leaf of <i>Cinnamomum glaucescens</i>and <i>Cinnamomum verum</i>from Vietnam

In this paper, compounds identified in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz and Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl (Lauraceae family) of Vietnam origin are reported. The chemical analyses were performed using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The significant compounds of C. glaucescens were geraniol (36.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (19.7%). On the other hand, C. verum comprised of linalool (22.0%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.2%). The present results may represent new chemotypes of the essential oils of C. verum and C. glaucescens.

Therapeutic effects of the Galium verum

Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar were searched to provide information have shown the therapeutic effects of G.verum.This plant,is famous,as yellow Bedstraw.G.verum plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family.Analysis of G.verum plant represents that the plant included,chemical therapeutic compounds.Many compounds have been isolated from the Galium species plant so far.G.verum.Plants have been traditionally applied for the cure of many maladies.The former pharmacological researches represented that the G.verum plant possessed antioxidant effect,effects on the central nervous system,antimicrobial effects,endocrine effect,antihaemolytic activity,cytotoxic effects,etc.

桂皮、八角和花椒中重金属的溶出及健康风险评估

为研究八角、桂皮和花椒中的重金属摄入风险,从主产区采集15份桂皮(广西藤县)、15份八角(广西浦北县)和15份花椒(贵州德江县)样品,采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱仪测定8种重金属(砷、钡、镉、铬、铜、锰、镍和铅)的含量,结合日常食用习惯,分析了这3种香辛料中的重金属在不同煮沸时间下的溶出情况,采用溶出结果计算其靶标危害指数(THQ)和非致癌风险指数(HI)。结果表明,这3个地区采集的八角、桂皮和花椒样品均未超过GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》要求,桂皮中Mn含量要显著高于其他香调料的含量。桂皮和八角中的As,八角中的Ba、Cd、Mn和Ni溶出率超过50%,Mn和Ni在16 h后溶出率超过了95%(分别为95%和96%)。桂皮和花椒的HI值在不同时间的煮沸浸提时间段没有显著性差异(P≥0.05),八角的HI值要显著高于桂皮和花椒(P≤0.05);通过计算发现:无论是单种香辛料摄入单个重金属的THQ值,还是单种香辛料摄入8种重金属的HI值或3种香辛料叠加摄入的HI值,正常摄入来自这些地区的八角、桂皮和花椒不会引起非致癌的健康风险。

八角柱头可授性、花粉活力和座果率分析

为探明八角(Illiciumverum)柱头可授性、花粉活力和座果率的变化,指导杂交育种工作,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测八角花器官在不同发育阶段柱头的可授性,采用TTC染色法检测不同月份开花的花粉活力,同时调查和分析座果率。结果表明,八角花器官在含苞欲放大蕾期柱头已具有可授性,在盛开期柱头开始失去可授性,在凋谢期柱头已失去可授性;盛开期至凋谢期,雄蕊花药开裂并大量散出花粉,说明八角存在雌蕊先熟的生殖特性。在8—10月花期,不同月份开花的花粉中,有活力花粉百分率差异显著,其中8月有活力和强活力花粉百分率分别为90.27%和66.73%,9月有活力和强活力花粉百分率分别为96.62%和63.52%,10月有活力和强活力花粉百分率分别为69.81%和35.63%。不同月份开花的座果率差异显著,8—10月的自然座果率分别为62.41%、76.88%和61.48%;套袋隔离处理后,座果率分别为10.00%、22.22%和4.44%。综合分析认为,9月八角有活力花粉百分率最高,座果率也最高,此时最适合开展八角杂交授粉工作;应选择柱头具有最佳可授性的含苞欲放花蕾作为杂交母本。

不同干燥方式八角果实挥发性化合物代谢组分析

【目的】探明不同干燥方式对八角果实挥发性成分的影响,筛选出适宜八角果实干燥的处理方式,为八角后期深加工、保存及应用提供参考。【方法】以新鲜八角果实为材料,采用自然晾晒、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃和90℃烘干7种处理方式进行干燥,通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)技术检测分析八角果实代谢产物,阐明八角果实不同温度干燥与自然晾晒处理的代谢物差异。【结果】与自然晾晒相比,八角果实40℃干燥差异代谢产物有11类17种,其中,萜类、醇类和醛类3类代谢物上调;50℃干燥差异代谢物有10类25种,其中,上调代谢物6类(萜类、醇类、酯类、酮类、卤代烃类、酚类);60℃干燥差异代谢物有8类13种,其中,醇类和烃类代谢物上调;70℃干燥差异代谢物为13类40种,其中,醇类、萜类和酯类3类代谢物上调;80℃干燥差异代谢物有13类38种,仅醇类代谢物上调;90℃干燥差异代谢物有13类52种,其中,上调代谢物4类(萜类、醇类、酮类、卤代烃类)。40℃、50℃和60℃干燥的八角果实与自然晾晒差异代谢物较少,上调代谢物主要是苯甲醛、醋酸植物醇、茴香脑、6-异羟基樟脑、乙酸异丁香酚酯和甲基丁香酚等挥发性化合物,提升了八角浓厚的香味。70℃、80℃和90℃干燥的八角果实与自然晾晒差异代谢物较多,且与八角香味相关的许多代谢物下调表达,主要有香芹酮、茴香脑、E-氧化玫瑰、4-蒈烯、对薄荷脑1,5,8-三烯、苯甲醛、芳樟醇、3-甲基苯并噻吩、2-甲基-2-四氢呋喃和2-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃等挥发性化合物,减弱了八角香味。【结论】不同干燥处理八角果实的挥发性化合物种类均存在一定差异。40℃、50℃和60℃干燥八角果实,苯甲醛、醋酸植物醇和茴香脑等上调表达的挥发性化合物提升了八角香味。八角果实经50℃干燥后,上调表达的代谢物有萜类、醇类、酯类、酮类、卤代烃类和酚类6类,果实独特香气保持最好,宜在生产上推广应用。

蓬子菜总黄酮基于TGF-β/Smad3和JNK信号通路对动脉硬化内皮细胞的影响研究

目的探讨蓬子菜总黄酮基于转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/Smad3和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路对动脉硬化内皮细胞的影响。方法将24只成年雄兔随机分为正常组、模型组、蓬子菜总黄酮低剂量组、蓬子菜总黄酮高剂量组,每组6只。除正常组外,其余组兔建立下肢动脉硬化闭塞模型。建模成功后,蓬子菜总黄酮低、高剂量组分别给予45 mg/kg、180 mg/kg的蓬子菜总黄酮灌胃,正常组和模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。各组兔灌胃2周后处死,取右侧髂股动脉,分离培养内皮细胞。采用Western blot法检测内皮细胞中TGF-β_(1)、Smad3、JNK及磷酸化JNK(p-JNK)蛋白表达情况,分别采用酶联免疫分析法、硝酸还原法、放射免疫法检测内皮细胞中炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性细胞间黏附因子-1(sICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)]、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)含量。结果模型组内皮细胞中TGF-β_(1)、Smad3、JNK、p-JNK蛋白表达量及CRP、sICAM-1、TNF-α、IL-1β、ET-1含量均明显高于正常组(P均<0.05),蓬子菜总黄酮各组上述各指标均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05),且蓬子菜总黄酮高剂量组各指标均明显低于蓬子菜总黄酮低剂量组(P均<0.05)。模型组内皮细胞中NO含量明显低于正常组(P<0.05),蓬子菜总黄酮各组NO含量均明显高于模型组(P均<0.05),且蓬子菜总黄酮高剂量组明显高于蓬子菜总黄酮低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论蓬子菜总黄酮可减轻炎症反应,保护血管内皮细胞,抑制平滑肌细胞增殖和细胞凋亡,改善血管内皮功能,机制可能与抑制TGF-β/Smad3和JNK信号通路有关。

八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量分析及安全性评价

目的 检测预包装与散装八角茴香流通、生产(分装)、餐饮环节中二氧化硫残留量情况,并对其进行安全性评价。方法 在大型商场、批发零售市场、餐饮企业、网络平台等不同领域随机抽取预包装与散装八角茴香90批次、新鲜湿八角16批次,参照GB 5009.34—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中二氧化硫的测定》检测二氧化硫残留量,依据GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》规定对八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量进行评价分析,并从食品、药品两方面对其进行健康风险评估。结果 90批次八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量超出标准限值的为13.3%,其中预包装和散装八角茴香二氧化硫残留量平均值分别为33.6 mg/kg和93.6 mg/kg,超标率分别为2.5%和22.0%。流通环节、生产(分装)环节和餐饮环节八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量平均值分别为66.3、42.4、90.6 mg/kg,超标率分别为12.5%、8.3%、21.4%。16批次新鲜湿八角中二氧化硫本底值的平均值为9.38 mg/kg。散装八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量高于预包装八角茴香,且散装八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量超标率显著高于预包装八角茴香(X^(2)=7.313,P=0.007)。流通、生产(分装)、餐饮各个环节均存在二氧化硫残留量超标现象,各环节超标率比较差异无统计学意义(X^(2)=1.092,P=0.579)。结论 八角茴香作为食品使用时,各年龄段人群对散装和预包装八角茴香中的二氧化硫暴露风险系数均小于1,但作为药品使用时,低年龄段人群对部分八角茴香中的二氧化硫暴露风险系数大于1,在风险管理上需引起足够重视。在生产、消费、研发等各领域均应加强宣传监管力度,控制八角茴香中二氧化硫残留量,确保八角茴香质量安全。

云南不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物差异分析

【目的】探明云南不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物差异,为八角果实中天然活性成分和代谢产物多样性利用和八角种质资源评价提供依据。【方法】采用全自动顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)、气质联用(GC-MS)技术对云南省文山州(富宁县、文山市、砚山县)和红河州(红河县)的八角果实挥发成分进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析。【结果】云南不同产地的八角果实挥发物存在差异,共鉴定出750个代谢物,前三位的化合物种类分别是萜类、酯类和杂环化合物,分别占31.20%、14.00%和10.80%。云南不同地区八角果实挥发性代谢物质的种类组成具有差异性,文山市与砚山县、富宁县与红河县八角果实中差异代谢物较多,分别为438个和349个,文山市与砚山县差异代谢物主要体现在萜类、醇类、酯类和醛类;富宁县与红河县主要体现在萜类和脂类,富宁县八角果实中具有香气成分的化合物如δ-榄香烯、衣兰烯显著上调。文山市八角果实中代谢物倍半萜和三萜的生物合成、萜类骨架的生物合成2个代谢通路上调,碳代谢、丁酸代谢等7个通路下调;富宁县八角果实中仅α-亚麻酸代谢上调,曲柳碱、吡啶、吡啶生物碱合成等13个下调。【结论】云南不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物存在差异,文山市与砚山县、富宁县与红河县的差异代谢物差异显著,文山市八角果实中代谢物倍半萜和三萜的生物合成、萜类骨架的生物合成2个代谢通路上调,富宁县八角果实中仅α-亚麻酸代谢上调。

八角莽草酸含量影响因素研究进展

八角是广西南部的特色植物,其果实具有独特的香气,是我国及东南亚地区常用烹饪的调味品之一,同时也是药用、化工等方面的重要原料。八角果实含有大量的莽草酸,其枝条、叶片上也有少量莽草酸分布。莽草酸是植物和微生物的重要代谢产物,具有抗炎、镇痛的作用,可作为抗病毒和抗癌药物的中间体,也是治疗当前流行的甲型流感特效药“磷酸奥司他韦”的主要成分。随着科学技术进步,八角莽草酸的研究已经取得了一定的进展,尤其是在提取技术、分离工艺、生理活性及其应用等方面。文章综述了八角莽草酸含量影响因素研究情况,总结了影响八角莽草酸含量的因素。影响八角莽草酸含量的因素可分为内部因素和外部因素2种,其中外部因素主要有不同的生境、不同产地、不同采收期等,内部因素主要有生长发育过程、遗传因素等,同时不同的提取工艺提取到的莽草酸含量也不同。最后,对后期的研究方向提出展望,以期为相关领域的深入研究提供参考。

八角低产林改造技术及其推广应用

八角低产林的改造问题是现阶段八角种植的重难点,该文通过对广西河池市巴马县八角种植情况的介绍,简要分析八角低产林形成的原因,并从优选树种、调整种植密度、加强病虫害防治、科学施肥与追肥等方面提出解决办法,加强种植技术培训,以期为切实提高八角种植的产量和质量提供参考。

光氮互作对八角幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为给八角(Illicium verum)壮苗培育提供参考,以半年生八角幼苗为试验材料,采用3种光照强度[100%NS(Natural Sunlight)、72.8%NS和46.3%NS]和4种氮素水平(0、200、400和600毫克/株)双因素试验,探究光氮互作对八角幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,光照强度对株高、地径、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响均最大。在同一氮素水平下,随光照强度降低,除L0N0~L2N0处理的株高增量外,L0N1~L2N1、L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的株高增量均呈先升后降的趋势;L0N0~L2N0和L0N2~L2N2处理的地径增量均呈先升后降的趋势,L0N1~L2N1和L0N3~L2N3处理的地径增量均下降;L0N1~L2N1处理的叶绿素含量呈先升后降的趋势,L0N0~L2N0、L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的叶绿素含量均升高;L0N0~L2N0和L0N1~L2N1处理的可溶性糖含量均下降,L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的可溶性糖含量均呈先升后降的趋势;L0N0~L2N0处理的可溶性蛋白和MDA含量均下降,L0N1~L2N1、L0N2~L2N2和L0N3~L2N3处理的可溶性蛋白和MDA含量均呈先降后升的趋势;L0N0~L2N0和L0N3~L2N3处理的SOD活性均呈先降后升的趋势,L0N1~L2N1和L0N2~L2N2处理的SOD活性均下降;不同处理的干重和POD活性均呈先升后降的趋势。隶属函数分析表明,L1N1(72.8%NS,200毫克/株氮素)处理的八角幼苗生长最优。

富宁八角叶花果的挥发性化学物质分析

为了研究八角主要害虫的植物源引诱剂,全面了解八角植株的挥发性化学物质,本文采用HS-SPME-GC-MS技术对八角的嫩叶、老叶、花和果的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明:4个部位共鉴定出92个化合物,这些挥发性物质主要由苯系物和萜类(包括单萜、倍半萜及其萜烯醇)组成,其中八角嫩叶中鉴定出43种化合物,老叶中鉴定出33种化合物,八角花鉴定出39种化合物,八角果鉴定出40种化合物;八角嫩叶和老叶中检出共有22个共同物质,花和果有15个共同物质;4个部位也有共有物质,茴香脑(反式-茴香烯)、茴香甙、β-倍半水芹烯、α-金合欢烯、γ-古芸烯、β-石竹烯、β-榄香烯、γ-榄香烯、茴香烯(顺式-茴香烯)和草蒿脑这10个物质为八角不同部位共有的物质。顶空固相微萃取能较好反映自然状态下八角植株产生的气味,对于进一步研究八角虫害相关的植物源引诱剂有较好的参考意义。

不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物组分研究

【目的】探明不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物组分,为八角种质资源评价、优质原料选材提供参考。【方法】以云南(西畴县、广南县、马关县、麻栗坡县)和广西(崇左市、钦州市)八角果实为材料,采用全自动顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)技术,广泛靶向检测各产地八角果实挥发性代谢物,并通过主成分和正交偏最小二乘法分析挥发性代谢物成分。【结果】八角果实挥发性代谢物含量以萜类、酯类和杂环化合物相对较高,分别占果实总挥发性代谢物的31%、14%和11%。不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物成分存在明显差异,差异代谢物共有212~511个,其中,萜类物质含量最高,其次为杂环化合物和酮类物质。广南县和崇左市八角果实差异代谢物最多,为511个,其中,上调和下调具有代表性的10个差异代谢物中,酯类物质最多,其次是萜类和醇类。KEGG注释表明广南县八角果实单萜生物合成途径(Monoterpenoid biosynthesis)明显上调,倍半萜和三萜生物合成途径(Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis)、泛醌和其他萜类醌生物合成途径(Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis)明显下调。【结论】八角果实挥发性代谢物主要为萜类、酯类和杂环化合物。6个不同产地八角果实挥发性代谢物呈现一定差异,差异代谢物以萜类为主,其次为杂环化合物和酮类物质,可作为评价和筛选香料和药用八角种质资源的依据。

八角茴香产品的研究进展

八角茴香作为一种重要的香料和药材,其产品开发日益引起行业关注。本文讨论八角茴香的特性、历史与用途、分类与鉴别方法,深入分析其在食品、医药及工业领域的应用状态,探讨八角茴香产品的提取纯化技术、副产品开发潜力及包装储藏的技术创新,评析全球八角茴香市场现状和消费者需求,展望未来发展方向,旨在为相关产业提供参考。

不同杀菌剂对八角炭疽的防治效果试验

为了更好地防治八角炭疽病,为农业生产提供参考,对不同杀菌剂对八角炭疽的防治效果进行了试验。结果显示,苯醚甲环唑和多菌灵在防治八角炭疽病方面表现出色,其防治效果均超过其他处理组,优于其他杀菌剂,可在实际防治中使用。

八角茴香提取液对褐飞虱驱避、触杀、熏蒸活性分析

通过索式提取法获得了八角茴香粉末的无水乙醇提取液,测定了提取液对褐飞虱的驱避、触杀、熏蒸活性等影响。结果表明,与对照水稻相比,褐飞虱在八角茴香提取液处理的水稻上取食和产卵都极显著减少(P<0.01),产卵量分别仅为对照水稻的36.11%,产卵忌避率达46.94%;而48 h内拒食率为35.38%~66.78%。八角茴香提取液对褐飞虱若虫具一定的熏蒸活性,24 h和48 h平均校正死亡率分别为9.62%和13.98%,两者间无显著差异。几率值法测定八角茴香提取液对褐飞虱若虫触杀活性较好,致死中浓度LC_(50)分别为7.04和4.69 mg·mL^(-1)。说明八角茴香中存在对褐飞虱行为调控和杀虫活性物质,具有作为植物源杀虫剂用于田间防控褐飞虱的潜在价值。